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Labour migration

A construction worker finishes painting a wall in Philippines © Bobot Go / ILO

Migration is a defining feature of today’s labour markets and a growing global trend. As migration flows become more complex—particularly with rising forced and mixed movements—protecting migrant and refugee workers remains a core part of the ILO’s mandate, rooted in its Constitution preamble since 1919.

Most international migration is driven by the search for decent work and dignified livelihoods. While migration can offer better wages and skills development, many migrant workers still face exclusion from labour protections and are vulnerable to discrimination and exploitation. For displaced populations, access to decent work is a vital element of sustainable development solutions, empowering refugees to actively participate in and contribute to the economies and societies of host communities.

International cooperation is needed to shape policies that maximize the benefits of labour migration and provide decent work for all. The ILO works to strengthen labour migration (and labour market) governance and institutions; ensure rights, protection and access to justice for migrant workers; and foster inclusion and cohesion.

Key areas of work

Fair recruitment

Fair recruitment

Forced displacement contexts
A young woman behind a sewing machine

Forced displacement contexts

Migrant Worker Resource Centres (MRCs)
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Migrant Worker Resource Centres (MRCs)

Social protection for migrant workers, refugees and their families
3 women at lunch break in factory

Social protection for migrant workers, refugees and their families

Skills and migration
Students wearing protective masks measure and work on wooden boards during a woodwork class at the Fe y Alegría school in Lima, Peru.

Skills and migration

Labour market reintegration
Crowds of people disembark from a passenger ferry at a busy riverside landing

Labour market reintegration

News and stories

Learning, applying, passing it on: A man’s commitment to safer coffee farming

Occupational Safety and Health

Learning, applying, passing it on: A man’s commitment to safer coffee farming

Trade unions strengthen cross-border cooperation to promote decent work for Indian migrant care workers
Participants sit around tables.

Trade unions strengthen cross-border cooperation to promote decent work for Indian migrant care workers

Ongoing and upcoming events

The future of decent work for migrant workers in the care economy
Care in Motion illustration

Care in Motion - Webinar series

The future of decent work for migrant workers in the care economy

Image
Crowded street
Normative framework

Normative framework

While International labour standards apply to all workers, two conventions regulate specifically labour migration, safeguard the rights of migrant workers, and promote non-discrimination and equality of treatment.

Statistics

Statistics on migrant workers

ILOSTAT portal

Statistics on migrant workers

International Labour Migration Statistics

ILMS database

International Labour Migration Statistics

168 million

migrant workers globally

68%

of migrants work in the services sector, including care and domestic work

25% pay gap

between migrant workers and nationals

3x

more risk of forced labour for migrants

Latest publications and documents

Statistical Report on African Migrant Workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States, Jordan and Lebanon

Statistical Report on African Migrant Workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States, Jordan and Lebanon

Social protection for migrant workers, refugees and their families in ECOWAS Member States and Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Mauritania

Briefing note

Social protection for migrant workers, refugees and their families in ECOWAS Member States and Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Mauritania

ILO PROSPECTS: Results at a glance (September 2026)

Press release

ILO PROSPECTS: Results at a glance (September 2026)

Projects and partnerships

Browse ILO projects by country and dates
Start and improve your business trainees smiling during graduation.

Browse ILO projects by country and dates

The ILO and UNHCR

The ILO and UNHCR

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