All publications: employment + employment policy + employment security + unemployment

NDC 2.0 Review in the Arab States

Regional report of the integration of just transition themes in the Nationally Determined Contributions across the Arab States

This report reviews the second editions of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) as submitted to the UNFCCC NDC portal by July 2024, according to the 9 policy areas of the guidelines, as per the ILO Guidelines for a just transition to...

Convention No. 88

Promoting the ratification of the Employment Services Convention No. 88

Convention No. 181

Promoting the ratification of the Private Employment Agencies Convention No. 181

To support optimally functioning labour markets, and to help prevent abusive and exploitative practices in labour recruiting, the ILO encourages member States to ratify and implement Convention No. 181 as the most up-to-date instrument in this area.

January 2026

Emergency employment in the Occupied Palestinian Territory

Employment promotion is a primary goal of the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Emergency Response Plan's (ERP) Recovery Programme in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The ERP is supported by a multi-donor pooled funding arrangement...

The job impacts of climate and blue economy policies in Madagascar

This report examines the potential employment impacts of climate and blue economy policies in Madagascar in a context of climate vulnerability, growing pressure on natural resources, and persistent labour market challenges.

Briefing note

Establishment of Skills Development Fund in Indonesia: Status of the discussion and possible way forward

This briefing note captures the current status of discussions and outlines a practical, four-phased approach for establishing the ISDF. It offers insights into how Indonesia can create an outcome-oriented skills financing model that empowers...

Policy Brief

Powering the future: Green hydrogen and the workforce of tomorrow

This brief presents skills insights on Green Hydrogen sector.

Productivity ecosystems for decent work

International experiences of modernizing the organization and operation of employment services: Implications for Viet Nam

This report draws on international experiences in modernizing employment services to identify implications for Viet Nam, contributing to the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programme 2022–26 and supporting evidence-informed decision-making.

Factsheet

PROSPECTS Partnership Ethiopia: Strengthening rights, inclusion, and dignified opportunities

This factsheet details the PROSPECTS Partnership's support for Ethiopia's progressive policies. It focuses on integrating over one million refugees into national systems, enhancing their rights, and promoting dignified economic and social...

Factsheet

PROSPECTS Partnership Kenya: Building inclusive pathways for refugees and host communities

This factsheet details the PROSPECTS Partnership's support for Kenya's progressive shift toward refugee inclusion and self-reliance. It focuses on strengthening national systems across four pillars: Protection, Education, Economic Inclusion, and...

Two -page summary

PROSPECTS in Action: Vision, Milestones, and Impact - Summary

This two-page summary details the PROSPECTS Partnership's vision and impact, demonstrating its shift from humanitarian aid to sustainable solutions for forced displacement. It promotes self-reliance and inclusion for forcibly displaced persons and...

Briefing paper

PROSPECTS in Action: Vision, Milestones, and Impact

This briefing paper details the collective action of the PROSPECTS coalition (ILO, UNHCR, UNICEF, IFC and World Bank) supported by the Netherlands to improve the lives of forcibly displaced persons and host communities. It promotes self-reliance by...

ILO Brief

Informality in Viet Nam: Trends, drivers and implications

This ILO Brief reviews recent trends in informal employment in Viet Nam, identifies groups and business types most affected by informality, and discusses key policy challenges.

ILO Brief

Jobs in trade and global supply chains in Viet Nam: Labour market trends amid recent trade uncertainty

This brief examines Viet Nam’s expanding role in global supply chains and identifies key policy actions to strengthen their resilience and inclusiveness, while promoting decent work and enabling just transitions for workers and enterprises amid...

Social protection

ILO Brief: Building an inclusive future: Social protection as a catalyst for disability empowerment in Viet Nam

Research Brief

Measuring the greenness of jobs in emerging economies: A big data text analysis approach

This brief presents a new big data and NLP-based approach to measure how green jobs are in emerging economies using a refined ILO green dictionary. It provides practical evidence on green skills, job quality and wages to inform labour market and...

Assessing the impact of work permit fees on Syrian refugees and employers in Jordan

This report examines the anticipated impact of reinstating the full work permit fees for Syrian refugees in Jordan. Surveys, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with the tripartite constituents by the research team. The report...

STRENGTHEN2

Employment impact assessment of Luangwa-Mwami Road, Zambia, using LFS and GIS

This publication presents a second Employment Impact Assessment (EmpIA) of Phase 2 of the Nacala Road Corridor Project (NRCP) in Zambia, undertaken by the ILO in collaboration with the African Development Bank (AfDB) and co-funded by the European...

Second (revised) edition

Guide to private employment agencies

Private employment agencies are increasingly shaping the world of work — connecting job seekers to opportunities, helping employers meet skills needs, and supporting more dynamic labour markets. Yet with this growing influence comes responsibility:...

Policy brief

India is a major player in the digital services market – How did they get there and what does it mean for jobs?

India has become a major global player in digital trade and currently ranks fifth in the world in the export value of digitally delivered services. This Policy Brief draws lessons on what is behind the country’s reputation as a top player in the...