All publications: Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of
Brief
Generative AI and labour markets in ASEAN: Significant exposure, limited disruption, uneven preparedness
The brief finds that while generative AI has the potential to reshape work in ASEAN, there is little evidence of widespread labour market disruption so far, with future outcomes depending largely on countries' preparedness, policy choices and...
Timor-Leste’s ASEAN and WTO Membership: Business perceptions, readiness of institutions, and implications for representative Employer...
Timor-Leste’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in August 2024 and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in October 2025 marks a historic milestone in its pursuit of economic diversification and regional integration. This...
Migration
Enhancing Regular Pathways for Labour Migration in South-East Asia
This Issue Brief highlights the context of labour migration – in particular temporary labour migration into elementary occupations – from and within South-East Asia, setting out the key challenges that reduce access to regular pathways and limit...
Understanding rights at work
A guide to key terms related to fundamental principles and rights at work, trade and supply chains
TRIANGLE in ASEAN
Labour migration in ASEAN: Analysis from the International Labour Migration Statistics Database in ASEAN
Labour migration is an established feature in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region and its labour markets. Reliable and comprehensive statistical data is essential to inform evidence-based policy to govern labour migration and...
TRIANGLE in ASEAN
Labour migration governance in ASEAN
A review of the implementation of recommendations from the 3rd to 16th ASEAN Forums on Migrant Labour
Road map to a green cocoa value chain in Timor-Leste: Business and skills development along with environmental sustainability, amid...
Conducted in mid-2025 through primary and secondary research, the study was undertaken as part of the ILO’s Preparing Timor-Leste’s Workers and Policymakers for a Just Transition and the Formal Economy Project and is intended to facilitate...
Towards universal coverage in Timor-Leste: Assessing the cost and financing gap of social protection reforms
This policy paper aims to estimate the fiscal cost of current and proposed social protection reforms, using the ILO Rapid Assessment Protocol (ILO/RAP), and assess the financing gap by comparing projected costs with available and potential fiscal...
Social Protection
The future of social insurance in Viet Nam: Policy options and recommendations
Viet Nam is making bold progress toward universal social insurance, backed by strong policy reforms and expanding coverage. This report highlights strategic ILO recommendations to support the next phase of legal and structural transformation.
Coconut handbook: Market information, product standards, training manuals
This handbook comprises training manuals for producing various coconut products and byproducts, along with information about their market potential in Timor-Leste, and product standards to enter, in particular the European Union market. The...
Roadmap for the development of coconut value chain in Timor-Leste
The Roadmap provides a comprehensive analysis and strategic framework aimed at transforming the country’s coconut industry into a significant driver of economic growth. It is developed with the support of the Agroforestry Skills for Employment and...
Strategic roadmap
Roadmap for the agroforestry sector
This strategic Roadmap is proposed to realize an agroforestry system nation-wide that could increase agricultural production, improve the livelihood of people in Timor-Leste and economic growth of the country. It is developed with the support of the...
Report
Socio-economic and labour market implications of the climate transition in Timor-Leste
The report looks at how the country's economy, labour market, poverty, and inequality are impacted by the climate transition in order to support the country's economic development while addressing the issues of climate change and the global shift to...
ILO brief
Climate change, environmental degradation and labour mobility in the ASEAN region
This policy brief explores cross-border movement related to climate change in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region.
Labour migration
Rights and Access to Remedies for migrant workers from Viet Nam to Japan
This information sheet provides essential tips for migrant workers from Vietnam to Japan.
ILO-ACTION project
1st Statistical Bulletin on Social Protection in Timor-Leste, 2017–2024
The Statistical Bulletin on Social Protection in Timor-Leste, 2017-2024, provides consolidated statistics on main social protection programs and policies, supervised by ILO as part of the ACTION/Portugal Project.
Research Report
Innovative approaches to formalization in Asia and the Pacific: Background report to ILO Asia and the Pacific Tripartite Regional Knowledge...
This report showcases a wide range of innovations that are taking place across Asia and the Pacific to tackle informality, ranging from state-of-the-art use of technology to facilitate formalization, to community-based approaches to protect workers...
Asia-Pacific Migration Report 2024: Assessing Implementation of the Global Compact for Migration
The report highlights the realities of migrants in Asia and the Pacific and provides comprehensive recommendations to enhance migration governance to be more inclusive and gender-responsive.
Social protection
World social protection report 2024-26: Regional companion report for Asia and the Pacific
This Asia and the Pacific regional companion report complements the ILO’s World Social Protection Report 2024-26: Universal social protection for climate action and a just transition.
APESO
Asia-Pacific Employment and Social Outlook 2024: Promoting decent work and social justice to manage ageing societies
This Asia-Pacific Employment and Social Outlook 2024 report pulls together the most recent statistics to depict the state of the labour market and its impact on the 3.4 billion people living in the region. Beyond past trends, the report examines the...