All publications: social protection + social assistance + social security + pension schemes + social security financing + social security legislation + social security policy + social services

Factsheet

PROSPECTS Partnership Ethiopia: Strengthening rights, inclusion, and dignified opportunities

This factsheet details the PROSPECTS Partnership's support for Ethiopia's progressive policies. It focuses on integrating over one million refugees into national systems, enhancing their rights, and promoting dignified economic and social...

Factsheet

PROSPECTS Partnership Kenya: Building inclusive pathways for refugees and host communities

This factsheet details the PROSPECTS Partnership's support for Kenya's progressive shift toward refugee inclusion and self-reliance. It focuses on strengthening national systems across four pillars: Protection, Education, Economic Inclusion, and...

Briefing paper

PROSPECTS in Action: Vision, Milestones, and Impact

This briefing paper details the collective action of the PROSPECTS coalition (ILO, UNHCR, UNICEF, IFC and World Bank) supported by the Netherlands to improve the lives of forcibly displaced persons and host communities. It promotes self-reliance by...

Two -page summary

PROSPECTS in Action: Vision, Milestones, and Impact - Summary

This two-page summary details the PROSPECTS Partnership's vision and impact, demonstrating its shift from humanitarian aid to sustainable solutions for forced displacement. It promotes self-reliance and inclusion for forcibly displaced persons and...

Working Paper 156

Universal Health Insurance Schemes: A comparative analysis of implementation features in 10 low- and middle-income countries

Achieving universal health coverage is a key objective of social protection systems. Countries use different mechanisms to guarantee social health protection, and this report focuses on those adopting universal health insurance models. While...

Social Protection Spotlight Brief

Social Health Protection and the Informal Economy

Workers in the informal economy and their families often face a lack of social health protection coverage globally. This brief outlines the policy pathways needed to extend social health protection to workers in the informal economy and their...

Building Rights-Based Unemployment Protection Schemes: Guidance from ILO Social Security Standards

As crises become more frequent and complex, robust unemployment protection systems are essential to safeguard income security and support full, productive and freely chosen employment. This new ILO brief provides practical guidance for building...

Key research findings

Assessment of the drivers and constraints for occupational safety and health improvement and social protection of workers in the castor...

This publication summarizes the findings of the ILO’s 2024 assessment conducted under the project “Improving Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) and Access to Social Protection for Workers in the Agri-business Sectors.” It examines the...

Bridging the Coverage Gap: Supporting Workers Through Subsidized Social Security Contributions

How can contribution subsidies make social insurance systems more inclusive? This global study examines how contribution subsidies can expand social insurance coverage while supporting system sustainability. Drawing on the ISSA–ILO Global Compendium...

Report to the Government of Republic of Zambia

An assessment of Zambia's legislation in view of a possible ratification of the Social Security Minimum Standards Convention,1952 (No. 102).

This comprehensive comparative assessment was conducted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) within the framework of the Development Cooperation Project “Accelerating the Achievement of Universal Social Protection to Leave No One Behind”...

Findings from the Rapid Survey in Baghdad and Basra

From Reform to Reality: Understanding Perceptions of Iraq’s New Social Security Law

A new ILO report, From Reform to Reality: Understanding Perceptions of Iraq’s New Social Security Law, presents evidence from a rapid survey of 121 formal enterprises and 300 workers in Baghdad and Basra. The findings show strong support for the...

Towards universal coverage in Timor-Leste: Assessing the cost and financing gap of social protection reforms

This policy paper aims to estimate the fiscal cost of current and proposed social protection reforms, using the ILO Rapid Assessment Protocol (ILO/RAP), and assess the financing gap by comparing projected costs with available and potential fiscal...

Social protection

People’s Republic of China: The Social Insurance Public Service Platform

The Brief offers an overview of the platform and key lessons for improving social security service delivery.

ILO Brief

Can Indonesia cover all older persons with a public pension scheme?

ILO analysis shows a clear route to sustainable and adequate pensions for the country’s elderly population.

ILO Working Paper 152

Compliance with Labour Regulations in West African Countries : A Multi-Dimensional and Dynamic Analysis

This paper examines compliance with labour regulations across West Africa, revealing widespread and persistent gaps between legal protections and workers’ actual conditions. It highlights the need to strengthen enforcement and promote decent work to...

ILO Working Paper 151

Do productivity gains translate into adequate wages? Firm-level evidence from Ethiopia (LIMMS, 2018–2020)

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between firm productivity, wages, and employment dynamics in Ethiopia’s manufacturing sector between 2018 and 2020. Using firm-level data from the Large and Medium Manufacturing and...

The Impact of Socio-Economic Developments on Labour Markets in Syria and Neighbouring Countries

Regional Tripartite Forum Statement: Framework for Regional Dialogue

This document captures the key discussions and shared perspectives emerging from the Regional Tripartite Forum on the Impact of Socio-Economic Developments on Labour Markets in Syria and Neighbouring Countries, convened by the International Labour...

Factsheet

ILO PROSPECTS in Ethiopia - at a glance

This country factsheet provides an overview of the key interventions and results of PROSPECT programme implementation in Ethiopia.

Policy brief

Automation of the Unified Contract for Workers in Private Schools and Kindergartens

This brief highlights that the automated unified contract for workers in private schools and kindergartens represents a strategic step toward promoting decent work and strengthening principles of transparency and compliance in Jordan’s private...

Social Protection

The future of social insurance in Viet Nam: Policy options and recommendations

Viet Nam is making bold progress toward universal social insurance, backed by strong policy reforms and expanding coverage. This report highlights strategic ILO recommendations to support the next phase of legal and structural transformation.