Can Indonesia cover all older persons with a public pension scheme?

Without any reforms, JP will serve only 3 million beneficiaries in 2050—less than 5 percent of the projected 69 million elderly population. Two critical reforms are essential for Indonesia's pension system. First, parametric improvements to the JP scheme must enhance coverage, benefit adequacy and sustainability. Second, establishing comprehensive non-contributory pension schemes is necessary to achieve universal coverage. Contributory schemes alone cannot protect workers in informal employment and economically inactive populations who constitute the majority of Indonesia's working-age population.