All publications: green jobs + cooperatives + cooperative development + multinational enterprises + small enterprises + social finance + enterprises + microenterprises + social and solidarity economy

Research brief

Artificial intelligence adoption in Chinese enterprises: Productivity effects, workforce implications, and policy challenges

This research brief explores the adoption of artificial intelligence in Chinese enterprises and its implications for productivity, employment and the world of work.

Environmentally sustainable economies

Just transition and decent work implications from land degradation and desertification

A new ILO policy brief highlights why efforts to address land degradation and desertification must also consider jobs, livelihoods, decent work and just transition.

Impact insurance

Public-private partnerships to strengthen smallholder resilience

Insights on how public-private partnerships can expand access to agricultural insurance for smallholder farmers and help them build resilience.

Applying the ILO’s Productivity Ecosystems for Decent Work Approach: A Practical Guide

This guide provides practical guidance for ILO country teams and partners on applying the Productivity Ecosystems for Decent Work approach. Drawing on country experiences, it offers an operational framework, examples and good practices for designing...

Impact insurance

Technical note – Improving distribution strategies in inclusive insurance

Practical guidance and actionable insights to help insurers build more effective and sustainable inclusive insurance distribution strategies.

Can digital services help tackle the extension service dilemma?

Evidence and lessons on improving farmer practices at scale from the ILO’s An Ka Baara project in Mali.

Policy brief

Enterprises, supply chains and the transition to formality: linkages and innovation

This policy brief explores how multinational enterprises (MNEs) and supply chain linkages can help advance the transition from the informal to the formal economy. Drawing on innovative approaches and good practices across sectors and countries, it...

Case study

Systems thinking meets human thinking

Removing constraints and rewiring incentives and behaviours for better State-led social protection delivery in Jordan.

Registration of individual businesses in Viet Nam: Drivers, challenges and lessons from international experience

This report examines the legal, institutional and policy environment governing individual businesses in Viet Nam and identifies opportunities to promote their formalization.

ILO Brief

Promoting formalization outcomes in Employment-Intensive Investment Programme

Jordan annual report 2025

Narrative recap of the development cooperation implementation of the ILO programme in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

This report highlights the International Labour Organization's efforts and achievements in advancing decent work and social justice in Jordan during 2025. It showcases progress in strengthening labour market institutions, expanding social...

Impact insurance

Improving distribution strategies in inclusive insurance

This paper explores how insurers can expand access to insurance for underserved and low-income populations. Drawing on insights from practitioners across Africa, Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, it identifies the key barriers to effective...

Brief

Mapping the social and solidarity economy in Mongolia

ILO Working Paper 176

Inclusive social insurance: Exploring real solutions to reach the self-employed

Drawing from ten country case studies, this working paper sheds light on a set of ongoing debates surrounding the design and implementation of solutions to extend social insurance coverage to self-employed workers.

Green employment diagnostics for Just Transitions North Macedonia

This report presents the findings of the Green Employment Diagnostic for North Macedonia. It examines the complex interactions between climate change, economic transformation and labour market outcomes. It provides an integrated assessment of...

Social Protection Coverage in Ethiopia A Fact-Finding Report Based on the ILO-Social Security Inquiry (SSI) Data Collection Tool

This fact-finding report provides a comprehensive baseline of the country's social protection schemes, expenditures, and institutional frameworks by utilizing the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Social Security Inquiry (SSI) data...

Markets for Inclusion (M4I): Catalysing inclusive growth and job creation for refugees and vulnerable groups

This programme brief presents the Markets for Inclusion (M4I): Catalysing inclusive growth and job creation for refugees and vulnerable groups, funded by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) and implemented by the ILO.

Aligning enterprise development with decent work objectives: A new paradigm for MSMEs policies

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) generate most of the world's jobs and are central to inclusive economic growth. Yet too often, MSME policies assume that better employment outcomes will naturally follow from business development,...

Joint ITCILO-INTEFP publication

Summer school on social dialogue: Industrial relations and due diligence

This volume presents selected papers and reflections from the first edition of the Summer School on Social Dialogue, dedicated to industrial relations and human rights due diligence.

International experiences in the development of Viet Nam’s private sector

This report examines international experiences in private sector and SME development from the Republic of Korea, China, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, India and Estonia.