TRIANGLE in ASEAN
TRIANGLE Research and publications on labour migration
The TRIANGLE in ASEAN programme conducts applied research on key labour migration issues within South-East Asia to build the knowledge base and advocate for changes to policy and practice. Core to the Programme’s research strategy are studies of working conditions in targeted sectors which identify key gaps in protection of migrants’ labour rights and are used to shape the design of interventions.
31 October 2025
Two women work on a laptop computer at the Luang Prabang (Lao People's Democratic Republic) Migrant Worker Resource Centre.
© ILO
- Advancing Skills Mobility, Recognition and Development in ASEAN: Unlocking Opportunities for Migrant Workers through the Vientiane Declaration (December 2025)
- Labour migration governance in ASEAN (December 2025)
- Labour migration in ASEAN: Analysis from the International Labour Migration Statistics Database in ASEAN (December 2025)
- Empowering Migrant Workers: Lessons Learned from ILO Migrant Worker Resource Centres in the ASEAN region (October 2025)
- Care at home: Projecting Thailand’s need for national and migrant labour for home-based care for older persons (October 2025)
- Care work and labour migration in ASEAN (December 2024)
- Enhancing the effectiveness of legal pathways for labour migration in ASEAN (November 2024)
- A summary of key findings: Skilled to care, forced to work? Recognizing the skills profiles of migrant domestic workers in ASEAN amid forced labour and exploitation (June 2024)
- Disability rights and domestic work in ASEAN (December 2023)
- The ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour: A review of the implementation of Recommendations (3rd to 14th Forums, September 2023)
- Precarious pathways: Migration patterns and service needs of Lao migrant workers (August 2023)
- Resumption of labour migration and regional cooperation (July 2023)
- Skilled to care, forced to work? Recognizing the skills profiles of migrant domestic workers in ASEAN amid forced labour and exploitation (June 2023)
- Protection in Practice: Challenges and perceptions of domestic workers accessing social protection in Thailand (April 2023)
- Lessons learned: Building migrant women’s groups and networks (December 2022)
- Assessing complaints mechanisms and remedies for Cambodian migrant workers (October 2022)
- Working and employment conditions in the agriculture sector in Thailand: A survey of migrants working on Thai sugarcane, rubber, oil palm and maize farms (May 2022)
- Working and employment conditions in the agriculture sector in Thailand: A survey of migrants working on Thai sugarcane, rubber, oil palm and maize farms (executive summary and recommendations, Thai language, May 2022)
- Measuring labour migration in ASEAN: Analysis from the ILO’s International Labour Migration Statistics (ILMS) Database (March 2022)
- Recovery and labour migration in the post-pandemic future. Thematic background paper for the 14th ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour (December 2021)
- Implementation of recommendations from the 3rd to 12th ASEAN Forums on Migrant Labour (AFML, August 2021)
- Supporting migrant workers during the pandemic for a cohesive and responsive ASEAN Community. Thematic background paper for the 13th ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour (August 2021)
- Experiences of ASEAN migrant workers during COVID-19: Rights at work, migration during the pandemic, and remigration plans (Second assessment, June 2021)
- Making decent work a reality for domestic workers: Progress and prospects in Asia and the Pacific, ten years after the adoption of the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) (June 2021)
- Public attitudes towards migrant workers in Thailand (Thai) (June 2021)
- Public attitudes towards migrant workers in Thailand (June 2021)
- Leveraging advanced technology to improve labour mobility governance (May 2021)
- Measuring Sustainable Development Goal indicator 10.7.1 on the recruitment costs of migrant workers: Results of Viet Nam pilot survey 2019 (May 2021)
- For women, by women: Guidance and activities for building women migrant workers’ networks (December 2020)
- Public attitudes towards migrant workers in Singapore (December 2020)
- Public attitudes towards migrant workers in Malaysia (December 2020)
- Public attitudes towards migrant workers in Japan (December 2020)
- Ensuring migrant workers access to justice: An assessment of Thailand’s Migrant Workers Assistance Centers (December 2020)
- COVID-19: Impact on migrant workers and country response in Cambodia (August 2020)
- COVID-19: impact on migrant workers and country response in Myanmar (July 2020)
- Experiences of ASEAN migrant workers during COVID-19: Rights at work, migration and quarantine during the pandemic, and re-migration plans (June 2020)
- COVID-19: Impact on migrant workers and country response in Thailand (July 2020)
- COVID-19: impact on migrant workers and country response in Malaysia (June 2020)
- Recruitment fees and related costs: What migrant workers from Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Myanmar pay to work in Thailand (April 2020)
- More Choices, More Power: Opportunities for Women’s Empowerment in Labour Migration from Viet Nam (December 2019)
- Public attitudes towards migrant workers in Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand (December 2019)
- Effective return and reintegration of migrant workers with special focus on ASEAN Member States (December 2019)
- The ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour (AFML) Background information booklet (4th edition) (December 2019)
- The future of work and migration:12th ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour (AFML) thematic background paper (December 2019)
- Digitalization to promote decent work for migrant workers in ASEAN (July 2019)
- Implementation of recommendations from the 3rd to 10th ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour (AFML) (July 2019)
- Worker-paid migration costs in the Viet Nam-Malaysia corridor (December 2018)
- Social protection for migrant workers in ASEAN: Developments, challenges, and prospects (December 2018)
- Towards Achieving Decent Work for Domestic Workers in ASEAN: 10th ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labour (AFML) – Thematic background paper (May 2018)
- Risks and rewards: Outcomes of labour migration in South-East Asia (Key findings) (May 2018)
- Risk and rewards: Outcomes of Labour migration in South-East Asia (December 2017)
- Annual review of the implementation of Cambodia's labour migration policy (November 2017)
- Access to justice for migrant workers in South-East Asia (June 2017)
- Progress of the implementation of recommendations adopted at the 3rd – 8th ASEAN Forums on Migrant Labour (April 2017)
- Protected or put in harm’s way? Bans and restrictions of women’s labour migration in ASEAN countries (March 2017)
- Worker, helper, auntie, maid? Working conditions and attitudes experienced by migrant domestic workers in Thailand and Malaysia (December 2016)
- High rise, low pay Experiences of migrant women in the Thai construction sector (August 2016)
- Review of the government-to-government mechanism for the employment of Bangladeshi workers in the Malaysian plantation sector (March 2016)
- Review of labour migration policy in Malaysia (February 2016)
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