All publications

Research brief

Artificial intelligence adoption and gender wage inequality: evidence from China

Driven by machine learning as its core general-purpose technology, China’s artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem has formed a diversified landscape characterized by foundational technologies leading the way, application technologies advancing in...

Programme note

The ILO Programme on Skills for a Greener Future

Empowering people, enterprises and institutions with the skills to drive a just transition, boost productivity and create decent work

Report for the Technical meeting (Geneva, 28 September - 2 October 2026)

Occupational Safety and Health in Retail in a Changing World of Work: Risks, Prevention and the Role of Technology

Disability employment quotas: Lessons for Indonesia from ASEAN and East Asia

The study provides a comparative analysis of Indonesia’s quota system alongside selected ASEAN and East Asian countries. It aims to distil key design features, governance arrangements, and enforcement mechanisms to inform realistic and feasible...

Powering the future: Critical energy transition minerals and the workforce of tomorrow

This brief presents skills insight on critical energy transition mineral sector.

ILO Working Paper 176

Inclusive social insurance: Exploring real solutions to reach the self-employed

Drawing from ten country case studies, this working paper sheds light on a set of ongoing debates surrounding the design and implementation of solutions to extend social insurance coverage to self-employed workers.

Green employment diagnostics for Just Transitions North Macedonia

This report presents the findings of the Green Employment Diagnostic for North Macedonia. It examines the complex interactions between climate change, economic transformation and labour market outcomes. It provides an integrated assessment of...

The promotion of sustainable, responsible and inclusive business practices among SMEs in Montenegro

This study examines how Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Montenegro are engaging with Responsible Business Conduct (RBC) and human rights due diligence (HRDD) for decent work, with the aim of identifying how institutional and policy frameworks...

Social Protection Coverage in Ethiopia A Fact-Finding Report Based on the ILO-Social Security Inquiry (SSI) Data Collection Tool

This fact-finding report provides a comprehensive baseline of the country's social protection schemes, expenditures, and institutional frameworks by utilizing the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Social Security Inquiry (SSI) data...

Private Employment Agencies in Somalia: Procedure and General Services

The document, titled "Private Employment Agencies in Somalia: Procedure and General Services," is a comprehensive regulatory framework prepared by the Somali Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and supported by the International Labour...

Regulatory Guidelines and Legislative Regulation for Private Employment Agencies (PEAs)

This report outlines a comprehensive framework established by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Federal Government of Somalia, with support from the International Labour Organization, to manage the licensing, operation, and oversight...

Markets for Inclusion (M4I): Catalysing inclusive growth and job creation for refugees and vulnerable groups

This programme brief presents the Markets for Inclusion (M4I): Catalysing inclusive growth and job creation for refugees and vulnerable groups, funded by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) and implemented by the ILO.

Empowering consular officials, diaspora desk officers, and labour attachés in the Arab States to champion migrant workers’ protection

Grenada Decent Work Country Programme 2026-2031

The DWCP aligns closely with national development goals as set out in national policies and frameworks, notably the National Sustainable Development Plan (NSDP) 2020–2035, and is consistent with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its...

Aligning enterprise development with decent work objectives: A new paradigm for MSMEs policies

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) generate most of the world's jobs and are central to inclusive economic growth. Yet too often, MSME policies assume that better employment outcomes will naturally follow from business development,...

2026 edition

International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour and Forced Labour (IPEC+) - A snapshot of action around the world

This brochure provides a snapshot of the ILO’s IPEC+ Global Programme and its action around the world as of July 2026. It highlights interventions at global, regional and country levels to eliminate child labour and forced labour and promote...

Brief

Generative AI and labour markets in ASEAN: Significant exposure, limited disruption, uneven preparedness

The brief finds that while generative AI has the potential to reshape work in ASEAN, there is little evidence of widespread labour market disruption so far, with future outcomes depending largely on countries' preparedness, policy choices and...

Report

The cost of labour migration in Nepal: Evidence from the 2023 recruitment cost survey of migrant workers

This report provides valuable insights into the recruitment costs incurred by Nepali migrant workers when seeking international labour migration opportunities. By systematically capturing recruitment costs, the survey aims to shed light on the...

A focus on private sector workers

Lebanon's labour market in crisis: Assessing the impacts of renewed conflict and regional instability

This report provides evidence on the impacts of the current crisis on employment, earnings and working conditions in the private sector, and examines the coping strategies adopted by workers and their priorities for recovery, with the aim of...

Issue 25

Quarterly social security policy monitor, April - June 2026

The quarterly social security policy monitor is produced by the ILO under the EU-China project “Improving China’s institutional capacity towards universal social protection (Phase III)”. It captures latest social security policy development in...