All publications

Report

Adoption of Artificial Intelligence and productivity growth in Kuwait’s private sector

Artificial intelligence is moving rapidly into day-to-day business operations, offering firms new opportunities to enhance productivity and competitiveness. This ILO report, based on enterprise-level insights from Kuwait, highlights how companies...

EIIP Project Brief

Women’s participation in employment and resilience-building: Experiences from the Employment-Intensive Investment Programme (EIIP) in...

ILO Working paper 164

Opportunities and Challenges for Decent Work in the Platform Economy in Asia and the Pacific

This paper explores how the evolving platform economy is reshaping the economic landscape across Asia and the Pacific, and how countries in this diverse region are navigating emerging opportunities and challenges. It situates platform work within...

ILO Working paper 163

Converging Patterns of Global Labour Earnings Inequality from 1995 to 2023

This working paper analyses how labour earnings inequality evolved across 25 countries between 1995 and 2023 using harmonized microdata and multiple inequality measures. It compares changes in the distribution of labour earnings within countries and...

Research brief

Gen AI, occupational segregation and gender equality in the world of work

Marking International Women’s Day, this ILO research brief examines how generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) may shape gender equality in the world of work. Drawing on an innovative global index of occupational exposure to Gen AI and new...

Social protection

Expanding social insurance for household businesses in Viet Nam: Challenges, policy options, and the way forward

This report assesses the feasibility and challenges of extending compulsory social insurance coverage to Vietnam's household business owners and their employees, and proposes policy options to support that expansion.

6th Global Conference on the Elimination of Child Labour

Marrakech Global Framework for Action against Child Labour

The 6th Global Conference on the Elimination of Child Labour adopted the Marrakech Global Framework for Action, calling for scaled-up implementation to accelerate progress. The Framework reinforces global commitments and strengthens policies,...

Social Dialogue

Negotiation as a mechanism for conflict prevention and resolution: positional negotiation and interest-based negotiation

This brief examines negotiation as a key mechanism for preventing and resolving workplace disputes, distinguishing between positional bargaining and interest-based negotiation. Understanding their characteristics and stages can help strengthen...

Towards pay equity: A comprehensive response to the gender pay gap

This guide builds on the 2013 ILO Equal Pay Guide, and it incorporates the latest insights on achieving equal pay for work of equal value.

Report

Circular economy, trade and employment

This report provides the first global estimate of employment embedded in circular economy trade, analysing how exports of recyclable, reusable and remanufactured goods generate both direct and indirect jobs across global value chains. It highlights...

Financial inclusion of refugees and host communities in the Somali region of Ethiopia: A PROSPECTS partnership with Shabelle Bank

This case study examines how the ILO PROSPECTS partnership with Shabelle Bank is expanding access to Shariah-compliant financial services for refugees and host communities in Ethiopia’s Somali region. By combining tailored working-capital financing,...

Financial services for workers: A short guide for factory managers in Cambodia

Developed with RISE, this guide helps factory managers support women and men workers in accessing formal financial services. It provides an overview of key financial services, practical steps for engaging with providers and tools to assess benefits...

Climate Cocoa Project

Climate Cocoa Project: Results at a Glance

Discover how the Climate Cocoa Project supported cocoa-growing communities in Ghana to eliminate child labour while promoting climate resilience through strengthened child protection systems and climate-smart biochar technology.

Fact sheet

Promoting rights and social inclusion through organization and formalization (PRS) – Phase 2: Nepal Component

This project funded by the Government of Japan is a regional project which aims to enhance the capacity of social partners to address decent work deficits and gender inequalities and promote formalization of workers and economic units in the...

ILO Working Paper 162

Reviving and Reconnecting Economic Growth and Employment in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is currently navigating a complex economic transition marked by high inflation, declining foreign exchange reserves, vulnerabilities in the financial sector and the impending graduation from Least Developed Country status in 2026. The...

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Social Protection Spotlight brief

Social health protection for gender equality

This brief shows that social health protection is key to ensuring effective access to quality healthcare for women, and support their income security during sickness and maternity.

ILO Training Institution Assessment

Employers Analysis

Returnees Analysis