Informal worker in Johannesburg

Topic portal

Informal economy

Informal sector © Ipele Dolo

Over 60 per cent of the world’s workforce and 80 per cent of enterprises operate in the informal economy. Contrary to earlier forecasts, informality is rising in many countries, often accompanied by widespread poverty and severe decent work deficits. Without formalization, achieving decent work for all and social equity remain an illusion. Formalization is a complex, long-term process requiring a combination of legal and regulatory reforms alongside measures to boost productivity and wealth creation. For many workers, reducing decent work deficits is the first step toward progressive formalization.

In 2015, the ILO adopted the Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy Recommendation, a powerful instrument to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In recent years, an increasing number of countries have introduced strategies and policies to facilitate this transition, while social partners are strengthening their engagement with workers and enterprises in the informal economy.

Experiences from countries that have significantly reduced informality show that progress is possible - and achievable.
Informality and the transition to formality leaving no one behind

News and stories

Informal workers need stronger voice in Africa’s trade policies, ILO research finds
Markets of Johannesburg, South Africa

Trade, investment and decent work

Informal workers need stronger voice in Africa’s trade policies, ILO research finds

How to escape the low-pay, low-productivity jobs trap
Three women sorting and recording coffee beans at a coffee processing facility.

OpEd

How to escape the low-pay, low-productivity jobs trap

Latest publications and documents

Preventing and addressing violence and harassment in the informal economy and through formalization: promising practices

Policy brief

Preventing and addressing violence and harassment in the informal economy and through formalization: promising practices

Preventing and addressing violence and harassment in the informal economy and through formalization: key principles

Policy brief

Preventing and addressing violence and harassment in the informal economy and through formalization: key principles

Informality in the tourism sector in the Eastern Caribbean

Transition to the formal economy

Informality in the tourism sector in the Eastern Caribbean

Projects

W2W: WASTE TO WORTH – Transforming Informal Waste Work into Decent Livelihoods
worker at the plastic recycling chain

Informal economy

W2W: WASTE TO WORTH – Transforming Informal Waste Work into Decent Livelihoods

EU for Haya Karima
Fishing boat on the river Nile.

Advancing social protection

EU for Haya Karima

Fostering an Enabling Environment for MSMEs to Promote Responsible Value Chains (FEE-RVC)
Workers from China at a garment factory in Okayama, Japan (June 2025)

Project

Fostering an Enabling Environment for MSMEs to Promote Responsible Value Chains (FEE-RVC)

Ongoing and upcoming events

Africa Skills Week 2026
Three women factory workers in grey uniforms smile together during an ILO project field visit in South Africa in 2023.

Regional conference 12–16 October 2026

Africa Skills Week 2026

Learning, training and methodologies

ILO Helpdesk for Business on International Labour Standards
An illustration showing three helpdesk staff.

ILO Helpdesk for Business on International Labour Standards

Training Programmes on formalization

Training Programmes on formalization

Methodological note on diagnosis of informality

Methodological note on diagnosis of informality

Related content

Accelerating the transition to formality for decent work and social justice

WSSD2 Brief

Accelerating the transition to formality for decent work and social justice

Enterprise Formalization

Enterprise Formalization

Synthesis review of ILO evaluation reports on formalization interventions undertaken between 2018 and 2024 with insights on innovative...
cover page of the synthesis review on transition to formality

Synthesis review of ILO evaluation reports on formalization interventions undertaken between 2018 and 2024 with insights on innovative...