Analysis note: Alternative economic forms for the provision of alternative childcare services in the Republic of Moldova

The Analysis Note provides an assessment of alternative childcare service models for children under three years of age, including home-based, family-type, and employer-supported care arrangements, established in line with Law No. 367/2022. While acknowledging the progress achieved and the initial development of such services, the analysis identifies persistent structural constraints—particularly within the tax and social protection systems—that continue to limit formalization and scalability. On this basis, the note examines economic and institutional options for strengthening and diversifying the provision of childcare services. The note was prepared within the framework of the technical cooperation project “Enhancing Peace and Economic Prosperity through Women’s Leadership and Inclusion” (“Women for Peace & Prosperity”), implemented by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and UN Women, with financial support from the Swiss Government. The note provides an assessment of alternative childcare service models for children under three years of age, including home-based, family-type, and employer-supported care arrangements, established in line with Law No. 367/2022. While acknowledging the progress achieved and the initial development of such services, the analysis identifies persistent structural constraints—particularly within the tax and social protection systems—that continue to limit formalization and scalability. On this basis, the note examines economic and institutional options for strengthening and diversifying the provision of childcare services.