All publications: informal employment + informal enterprises + informal economy

Formalization

Formalization and simplified micro and small enterprise regimes: Towards reform of the Viet Nam household business legislation

This paper proposes concrete recommendations to better integrate MSEs in Viet Nam in the formal economy, in addition to highlighting the importance of registration systems within a comprehensive and integrated policy framework for business...

ILO Working paper 112

New technologies, e-government and informality

This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and infor­mality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscrip­tions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal...

Skills development

Skills Matter!

The continuum of interventions allowed for meaningful changes in people’s lives, in institutions’ capacity, in companies’ productivity and in the way the TVET system operates. The ILO interventions, with the support of the European Union and the...

Assessment of the Cambodian National Social Security Fund’s health insurance schemes

This study analyses the design, operation and achievements of the health insurance schemes of the Cambodian National Social Security Fund (NSSF), and proposes options and ideas for improvement of the healthcare system

Publication

Extending social protection for workers in Cambodia: A study to understand the characteristics of workers and enterprises in the informal...

This report presents a study of the Cambodia labour force using data from the 2019 Cambodia Labour Force Survey (LFS) and 2019 Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (SES). It provides a detailed analysis of the characteristics of workers and the respective...

Insights into ILO Formalize Your Business in Côte d'Ivoire, The Gambia and Senegal

Key learnings from trainers and entrepreneurs

Policy Brief

Workers in the Cambodian informal economy

Informality is pervasive in Cambodia: 88.3 per cent of workers are engaged in informal employment. This brief offers insights into labour informality indicators based on the 2019 LFS.

Policy Brief

The paths to formalization in Cambodia

This brief examines the context and challenges associated with formalizing enterprises and employment in Cambodia, and provides a range of policy options that can be included in an integrated strategy for formalization

Baseline survey on the state of informality in the cultural and creative sectors in Zimbabwe

This study explores the elements of decent work that are prevalent in the informal economy, namely labour rights; employment opportunities; social security and social dialogue; adequate earnings and productive work; working time, safety and health;...

Arab States Employment and Social Outlook - Trends 2024: Promoting social justice through a just transition

Country Study

The employment effects of industrial symbiosis networks in the South African informal sector

This report deals with the employment effects of industrial symbiosis in the provinces of Gauteng and the Western Cape in South Africa. It focuses on the textile and construction value chains and formalization.

ILO Working Paper 103

New Forms of Employment and Labour Protection in China

This paper provides a panoramic description and analysis of the diversity of the new forms of employment that have been emerging in China, with the focus on their background, the main types, the status quo of labour rights protection, and the...

Social protection

ILO Strategy on extending social protection to migrant workers, refugees and their families

All members of society have the right to social security, including migrant workers, refugees, and their families. However, they face numerous legal and practical obstacles in accessing social protection. Based on the principles of equality of...

Data mining and machine learning: Supporting labour inspectorates to address undeclared work

Fact Sheet of Advancing Social Protection in Cambodia

Advancing social protection in Cambodia extends social protection coverage and quality of provisions by improving operational capabilities of social protection institutions and the adaptability of existing schemes to the characteristics and needs of...

Flagship report

World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2024

Labour markets have shown surprising resilience despite deteriorating economic conditions, but recovery from the pandemic remains uneven as new vulnerabilities and multiple crises are eroding prospects for greater social justice.

Executive Summary

World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2024

Labour markets have shown surprising resilience despite deteriorating economic conditions, but recovery from the pandemic remains uneven as new vulnerabilities and multiple crises are eroding prospects for greater social justice.

Social security

Extending social protection coverage among Mongolian herders: Closing the social protection coverage gap for Mongolian herders

This policy brief highlights challenges that hinder the inclusion of herders in social protection coverage. Some policy options that can increase the coverage have been considered based on international experience and ILO social security norms and...

Social security

Social protection diagnostic review: From a schematic to systems approach for social protection

The objective of this study is to assist social dialogue in Mongolia by building evidence and engaging with constituents to make recommendations pertaining to the future of social protection in the country.

Meta-analysis of the effects of interventions on child labour

The meta-analysis included a comprehensive set of interventions to provide a quantitative assessment of their impact on child labour.