Managing labour migration - Filipino and Indonesian domestic helpers

While labor migration has demonstrated numerous benefits—such as the economic development of sending and receiving states—it also carries hefty costs to those who cross borders for employment. Migrant workers are vulnerable to economic shocks, exploitation and human rights abuses, to name a few. In response to these dynamics, a variety of state and private sector institutions have emerged, forming migration infrastructures (or systems) that facilitate the movement and welfare protection of transnational workers. Examples include government regulatory departments, recruitment agencies, and state supported mechanisms for redress, etc.