Demographic Change in Europe and Central Asia

This joint policy brief by ILO, UNECE and UNFPA examines how demographic change is reshaping societies, economies and labour markets across Europe and Central Asia. While Central Asia continues to experience youth-driven population growth, offering a potential demographic dividend, many European countries face population decline and ageing, creating distinct economic and social challenges.

The brief highlights that expanding and diversifying labour force participation is essential to address demographic change and respond to ageing-related labour shortages. Unlocking the potential of all individuals, regardless of gender, age, or background, requires removing barriers to employment and creating inclusive and supportive environments throughout the life cycle.

Through coordinated, evidence- and rights-based policies, countries can transform demographic shifts into drivers of sustainable development, equality and resilience. The publication reaffirms the United Nations system’s shared commitment to support countries in harnessing demographic change for inclusive growth and ensuring that no one is left behind.