Woman picking tea leaves in a field in Malawi, wearing a basket on her back

Brief on forced labour

Criminalization of Forced Labour

This brief is part of a series on Promising practices in addressing forced labour, which presents various practices related to the provisions of the ILO instruments adopted in 2014 to complement the Forced Labour Convention (C29) adopted in 1930, namely the Forced Labour Protocol (P29) and Recommendation (R203). Specifically, this brief focuses on penalizing forced labour as a crime, drawing insights from the comments made by the ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR).

A woman picking tea leaves in a tea plantation in TA Njema, Mulanje district. Malawi. 2012 © ILO
Publication details

13 May 2025

PDF 278.31 KB