The study begins by presenting an overview of the ILO’s Core Conventions, Recommendations and Protocols related to child labour and forced labour, including observations by the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR) and the importance of these issues for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It examines policies, plans, programmes, laws and administrative arrangements that seek to address child labour, bonded labour and human trafficking, particularly in Pakistan’s brick kiln sector. The study also identifies challenges to the implementation of laws and policies, as well as challenges related to labour inspection mechanisms and administrative measures. Major bottlenecks to legislative enforcement include the limited outreach of labour inspection, a lack of inspectors, and capacity and resource constraints. To better understand working relationships between key stakeholders, the study examines the brick kiln supply chain, including workplace hierarchies, to gauge power relations between workers and different tiers of management.