All publications: social protection + social assistance + social security + pension schemes + social security financing + social security legislation + social security policy + social services

ILO Working paper 113

Financing gap for universal social protection: Global, regional and national estimates and strategies for creating fiscal space

The primary aim of the study is to provide updated estimates of the financing gap to attain universal coverage for social protection floors. This estimation encompasses 133 low- and middle-income countries, and includes five income security...

Social protection

Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 (No. 102)

Social Protection Floors

Social Protection Floors Recommendation, 2012 (No. 202)

Social protection

Quarterly Social Security Policy Monitor - Issue 16

The Quarterly Social Security Policy Monitor is produced by the ILO under the EU-China project “Improving China’s Institutional Capacity towards Universal Social Protection (Phase 2)”. It captures latest social security policy development in China,...

Assessment of the Cambodian National Social Security Fund’s health insurance schemes

This study analyses the design, operation and achievements of the health insurance schemes of the Cambodian National Social Security Fund (NSSF), and proposes options and ideas for improvement of the healthcare system

Publication

Extending social protection for workers in Cambodia: A study to understand the characteristics of workers and enterprises in the informal...

This report presents a study of the Cambodia labour force using data from the 2019 Cambodia Labour Force Survey (LFS) and 2019 Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (SES). It provides a detailed analysis of the characteristics of workers and the respective...

Strategy on the Extension of Social Protection Coverage to Workers in the Informal and Rural Economy in Kenya

Policy Brief

Workers in the Cambodian informal economy

Informality is pervasive in Cambodia: 88.3 per cent of workers are engaged in informal employment. This brief offers insights into labour informality indicators based on the 2019 LFS.

Policy Brief

The paths to formalization in Cambodia

This brief examines the context and challenges associated with formalizing enterprises and employment in Cambodia, and provides a range of policy options that can be included in an integrated strategy for formalization

Annual Progress Report (2023)

Decent Work Country Programme in Iraq: Recovery and Reform

The 2023 report underscores the transformative impact of Iraq’s DWCP, exemplifying collaborative efforts that align with national development frameworks. Achievements in job creation, private sector development, social protection, and labour...

Baseline survey on the state of informality in the cultural and creative sectors in Zimbabwe

This study explores the elements of decent work that are prevalent in the informal economy, namely labour rights; employment opportunities; social security and social dialogue; adequate earnings and productive work; working time, safety and health;...

Understanding informality and expanding social security coverage in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic

The research report contains quantitative analysis of the labour force and enterprise landscape in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and results of field work in three sectors. We hope that the findings can be useful to make tailored,...

Social protection

ILO Strategy on extending social protection to migrant workers, refugees and their families

All members of society have the right to social security, including migrant workers, refugees, and their families. However, they face numerous legal and practical obstacles in accessing social protection. Based on the principles of equality of...

Severance pay in Indonesia: Evidence from a small-scale survey during the onset of COVID-19 pandemic

This survey paper was initially prepared as part of the ILO’s technical contributions in October 2020. The survey team collected 426 samples from waged employees between March and September 2020 and analyzed respondents’ history of employment...

Research Paper No.19

Old-age workers transition into retirement and risk of poverty

Fact Sheet of Advancing Social Protection in Cambodia

Advancing social protection in Cambodia extends social protection coverage and quality of provisions by improving operational capabilities of social protection institutions and the adaptability of existing schemes to the characteristics and needs of...

Just energy transition in Indonesia: The role of social protection in facilitating the process

This paper was initially prepared and submitted to the Just Energy Transition Working Group in May 2023 as part of the ILO’s technical contributions. It aims to facilitate discussions on how social protection could facilitate the just energy...

Social Security

Quarterly Social Security Policy Monitor China - Issue 15

The Quarterly Social Security Policy Monitor is produced by the ILO under the EU-China project “Improving China’s Institutional Capacity towards Universal Social Protection (Phase 2)”. It captures latest social security policy development in China,...

Social security

Extending social protection coverage among Mongolian herders: Closing the social protection coverage gap for Mongolian herders

This policy brief highlights challenges that hinder the inclusion of herders in social protection coverage. Some policy options that can increase the coverage have been considered based on international experience and ILO social security norms and...