Informal worker in Johannesburg

Topic portal

Informal economy

Informal sector © Ipele Dolo

Over 60 per cent of the world’s workforce and 80 per cent of enterprises operate in the informal economy. Contrary to earlier forecasts, informality is rising in many countries, often accompanied by widespread poverty and severe decent work deficits. Without formalization, achieving decent work for all and social equity remain an illusion. Formalization is a complex, long-term process requiring a combination of legal and regulatory reforms alongside measures to boost productivity and wealth creation. For many workers, reducing decent work deficits is the first step toward progressive formalization.

In 2015, the ILO adopted the Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy Recommendation, a powerful instrument to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In recent years, an increasing number of countries have introduced strategies and policies to facilitate this transition, while social partners are strengthening their engagement with workers and enterprises in the informal economy.

Experiences from countries that have significantly reduced informality show that progress is possible - and achievable.
Informality and the transition to formality leaving no one behind

News and stories

Trade unions build trust and protection for informal and domestic workers in Armenia
A worker watering a fruit tree

Workers’ voice and collective representation

Trade unions build trust and protection for informal and domestic workers in Armenia

Behind every household is a worker who deserves protection
A group of representatives pose for a photo holding documents.

Behind every household is a worker who deserves protection

Latest publications and documents

Building trust and protection: Lessons learned from trade union organizing among informal and domestic workers in Armenia

Report

Building trust and protection: Lessons learned from trade union organizing among informal and domestic workers in Armenia

Using firm-level and integrated data sources for enterprise policy development

Using firm-level and integrated data sources for enterprise policy development

Preventing and addressing violence and harassment in the informal economy and through formalization: key principles

Policy brief

Preventing and addressing violence and harassment in the informal economy and through formalization: key principles

Projects

Transforming Social Insurance for Own-Account Workers in Jordan
Farmers prepare seedlings for planting in a greenhouse in Irbid, Jordan. 07 March 2023

Project

Transforming Social Insurance for Own-Account Workers in Jordan

Towards a More Inclusive Social Security System in Jordan
A worker is preparing sesame seeds at an agri-food facility in Amman, Jordan. 05 August 2025

Project

Towards a More Inclusive Social Security System in Jordan

W2W: WASTE TO WORTH – Transforming Informal Waste Work into Decent Livelihoods
worker at the plastic recycling chain

Informal economy

W2W: WASTE TO WORTH – Transforming Informal Waste Work into Decent Livelihoods

Ongoing and upcoming events

15 years of advancing decent work for domestic workers
Vilma Gallenero, a kasambahay, domestic worker in the Phillipines

Setting targets and developing formalization strategies to make decent work a reality for domestic workers

15 years of advancing decent work for domestic workers

Learning, training and methodologies

ILO Helpdesk for Business on International Labour Standards
An illustration showing three helpdesk staff.

ILO Helpdesk for Business on International Labour Standards

Training Programmes on formalization

Training Programmes on formalization

Methodological note on diagnosis of informality

Methodological note on diagnosis of informality

Related content

Accelerating the transition to formality for decent work and social justice

WSSD2 Brief

Accelerating the transition to formality for decent work and social justice

Enterprise Formalization

Enterprise Formalization

Synthesis review of ILO evaluation reports on formalization interventions undertaken between 2018 and 2024 with insights on innovative...
cover page of the synthesis review on transition to formality

Synthesis review of ILO evaluation reports on formalization interventions undertaken between 2018 and 2024 with insights on innovative...