Between 2004 and 2012, Argentina reported a significant reduction in child labour reaching an incidence of 12% in the last year. The largest decline occurred among children aged 5-13 years old specially on those related to subsistence activities. At the same time, there has been a higher incidence in labour activities among adolescents of 16 and 17 years old and they are still exposed to conditions that could affect their health, development and school attendance. The decline of child labour in Argentina is a result of a process of revitalization of labour institutions and expansion of social protection coverage. New regulations and the modernization of labour institutions linked to employment, and in particular to strategies for prevention and elimination of child labour, account for a significant part of the fall in child labour. Regarding social protection, it is clear that the contributory schemes (through the formalization of employment) and non-contributory policies (through programs such as the Universal Child Allowance) allowed the achievement of unprecedented levels of social security coverage. Despite these progresses, many challenges remain ahead to achieving the elimination of child labour.