Publications on informal economy

  1. E-formalization regional report

    Renewing the social contract through e-formalization in the world of work

    03 November 2021

  2. ILO Working paper 41

    Supporting decent work and the transition towards formalization through technology-enhanced labour inspection

    21 October 2021

  3. ILO Working paper 27

    Platform work and the employment relationship

    31 March 2021

    This working paper analyses national and supranational case law and legislation about the employment status of platform workers. It does so by referring to the ILO Employment Relationship Recommendation, 2006 (No. 198). It finds that this Recommendation provides for a valuable compass to navigate the issues that emerge from the analysis of the existing case law and legislation about platform work.

  4. World Employment and Social Outlook 2021

    The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of work

    23 February 2021

    This ILO flagship report explores how the contemporary platform economy is transforming the way work is organized, and analyses the impact of digital labour platforms on enterprises, workers and society as a whole.

  5. World Employment and Social Outlook 2021

    The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of work [Summary]

    23 February 2021

    This report examines how digital labour platforms are transforming the world of work and how that affects employers and workers. It focuses on two main types of digital labour platform: online web-based platforms, where tasks are performed online and remotely by workers, and location-based platforms, where tasks are performed at a specified physical location by individuals, such as taxi drivers and delivery workers.

  6. ILO Working paper 24

    Online digital labour platforms in China: Working conditions, policy issues and prospects

    02 February 2021

    This paper summarizes the results of an ILO survey, conducted in 2019, of workers’ characteristics and working conditions on three major digital labour platforms in China.

  7. ILO Working paper 1

    "System needs update":Upgrading protection against cyberbullying and ICT-enabled violence and harassment in the world of work

    13 February 2020

    The term ‘cyberbullying’ has been used to describe aggressive conducts carried out through information and communication technologies (ICT), and can involve picture/video clips, emails, or social network sites, among others.

  8. Publication

    Telework in the 21st century: An evolutionary perspective (online pdf)

    15 November 2019

  9. Publication

    Telework in the 21st century: An evolutionary perspective

    15 November 2019

    A new conceptual framework explaining the evolution of telework over four decades.

  10. Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 106

    Regulatory options for conflicts of law and jurisdictional issues in the on-demand economy

    08 July 2019

    Provides a global framework for thinking about the on-demand business model and assorted conflicts of law and jurisdictional issues.