Publications on informal economy

  1. ILO Working paper 27

    Platform work and the employment relationship

    31 March 2021

    This working paper analyses national and supranational case law and legislation about the employment status of platform workers. It does so by referring to the ILO Employment Relationship Recommendation, 2006 (No. 198). It finds that this Recommendation provides for a valuable compass to navigate the issues that emerge from the analysis of the existing case law and legislation about platform work.

  2. ILO Working Paper 11

    Digital Labour Platforms and Labour Protection in China

    13 October 2020

    This paper explores the implications of the digital labour platforms for labour regulation in China and the potential applicability of existing laws and regulations to platform work.

  3. ILO Working paper 1

    "System needs update":Upgrading protection against cyberbullying and ICT-enabled violence and harassment in the world of work

    13 February 2020

    The term ‘cyberbullying’ has been used to describe aggressive conducts carried out through information and communication technologies (ICT), and can involve picture/video clips, emails, or social network sites, among others.

  4. Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 106

    Regulatory options for conflicts of law and jurisdictional issues in the on-demand economy

    08 July 2019

    Provides a global framework for thinking about the on-demand business model and assorted conflicts of law and jurisdictional issues.

  5. Publication

    Work on Digital Labour Platforms in Ukraine: Issues and Policy Perspectives

    27 July 2018

    The surveys focused specifically on working conditions of online platform workers in Ukraine, and show that digital labour platforms have transformed the modes of work and changed how work is viewed by both businesses and workers.

  6. Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 103

    On-call work in the Netherlands: trends, impact, and policy solutions

    23 April 2018

    Flexible work has steadily increased in the Dutch labour market and on-call employment represents the fastest growing group. Although on-call work is both the largest and the least institutionally regulated form of flexible employment, little is known on its developments and impacts.

  7. Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 102

    On-call and related forms of casual work in New Zealand and Australia

    23 April 2018

  8. Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 101

    Zero-Hours Work in the United Kingdom

    06 April 2018

  9. Briefing note

    No.1 Technological changes and work in the future: Making technology work for all

    03 November 2016

    This note analyses the effects of technological changes on the quantity and quality of jobs and discusses policy challenges in developing a skilled workforce, avoiding job polarization and assuring equal distribution of productivity gains.

  10. Briefing note

    No.3 A challenging future for the employment relationship: Time for affirmation or alternatives

    03 November 2016

    This note discusses the evolution of the employment relationship, the stresses posed by the changing organization of work, the prognosis for fundamental alteration of the relationship, and regulatory challenges in providing adequate protection to workers in evolving employment relationships.