Publications on informal economy

  1. ILO Working paper 32

    Digital Work in Eastern Europe: Overview of Trends, Outcomes, and Policy Responses

    25 May 2021

    This paper presents the emergence and growth of digital labour markets in Eastern Europe over the period 1999-2019. It presents the profiles of digital workers, their working conditions and discusses how these are shaped by the business models of digital labour platforms.

  2. Publication

    Independent evaluation of the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programmes, strategies and actions in the Western Balkans (2012-15)

    18 October 2016

    ILO Decent Work Country Programmes (DWCPs) are the primary framework for delivering support to member countries in an effort to promote decent work as a key national development strategy. This high-level evaluation assesses the extent to which the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programmes, strategies and actions that were delivered in the Western Balkans region from 2012-15 achieved their expected results. It also identifies recommendations, lessons learned and emerging good practices in order to contribute to organizational leaning by informing future DWCPs and strategies. The evaluation analyses five DWCPs in Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Montenegro, Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

  3. Publication

    Tackling informality in e-waste management: The potential of cooperative enterprises

    21 October 2014

    The present paper is the product of a joint effort by the Sectoral Policies Department and the Cooperatives Unit of the International Labour Organization (ILO). This initiative supports the ILO’s commitment to promote forms of employment that safeguard the environment, eradicate poverty and promote social justice through sustainable enterprises and decent work, as reinforced by the international Labour Conference (ILC), at its 102nd session in June 2013.

  4. Publication

    The global impact of e-waste: Addressing the challenge

    20 December 2012

    This paper explores the volumes, sources and flows of e-waste, the risks it poses to e-waste workers and the environment, occupational safety and health issues, labour issues and regulatory frameworks, and links this growing global problem with the International Labour Organization’s current and future work.