2016

1. ILO Research paper No. 16

   Linking jobs in global supply chains to demand

   Takaaki Kizu, Stefan Kühn, Christian Viegelahn

   This paper presents evidence on the number of jobs in global supply chains for 40 countries, and explores in detail whose demand these jobs depend on in terms of countries and sectors. The paper documents the rapidly increasing number of jobs supported by production linkages between emerging economies, and provides evidence on the so-called servicification of manufacturing. Wage shares drop when a sector increases its participation in global supply chains as a supplier.

2. ILO Research paper No. 15

   Decomposing income inequality into factor income components: Evidence from selected G20 countries

   Uma Rani and Marianne Furrer

   This paper examines the factors that have contributed to the level of inequality and its changes over time in 13 selected G20 countries in order to address this at the policy level. The results show that labour income is the most powerful factor contributing to inequality in all countries under analysis. Transfers and benefits are most important factors contributing to reducing inequality.

3. ILO Research paper No. 14

   Global Supply Chain Dynamics and Labour Governance: Implications for Social Upgrading

   Joonkoo Lee

   This paper examines how the emergence and change of the fragmented cross-national production system affects social upgrading in developing countries, focusing on the impact of private governance on labour conditions and workers’ rights. It also discusses the role of private voluntary standards in governing labour relations in GSCs, and their limitations and tensions with buyers’ purchasing practices.