ILO Working paper 44

Investing more in universal social protection. Filling the financing gap through domestic resource mobilization and international support and coordination

14 January 2022

Large and persistent gaps in social protection coverage, comprehensiveness and adequacy are linked to many barriers, including high levels of informality, institutional fragmentation of the social protection system and significant financing gaps for social protection in a context of limited fiscal space.

ILO Working paper 43

Investing better in universal social protection. Applying international social security standards in social protection policy and financing

13 January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed significant gaps in the coverage, comprehensiveness and adequacy of social protection systems worldwide. These gaps have jeopardized the health, incomes and jobs of billions of people. Closing these protection gaps, facilitating faster and inclusive socio-economic recovery and enhancing resilience against future shocks requires more investment in social protection.

ILO Working paper 42

Social policy advice to countries from the International Monetary Fund during the COVID-19 crisis: Continuity and change

10 December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused massive disruptions to the global economy and forced policymakers to respond to the newly created challenges. Many policy institutions have therefore had to rethink their established approaches and their usual policy responses.

ILO Working paper 34

Old age work and income security in middle income countries: comparing the cases

25 May 2021

This paper considers the demographic ageing trend experienced in 35 middle-income countries. It examines employment and other related dimensions that can reflect their preparedness to secure adequate income for their ageing population. Drawing from country-specific indicators, this study applies factor analysis to approximate underlying relative differences between countries in terms of economic and social preparedness, distributional vulnerability and gender inequality.

ILO working paper 28

Social Protection in the Cultural and Creative Sector - Country Practices and Innovations

20 April 2021

ILO Working paper 14

Financing gaps in social protection

21 October 2020

Global estimates and strategies for developing countries in light of the COVID-19 crisis and beyond.