This study comprises five papers which examine the gender dimensions of social security reform undertaken in the context of political and economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe. It looks at social security reform in three EU accession countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland - through the lens of gender equality, examining two broad categories of benefits: family benefit (including maternity benefits, family allowances, child care benefits) and pensions (retirement and survivors’ protection). These benefits both underwent major reform in the 1990s with important implications for men and women. This study is organized to encourage cross-border comparisons of the impact of various reforms on men and women and concludes with the results of written questionnaires and personal interviews held in each of the three countries.