This study compares the costs and potential benefits of various implementation arrangements and choice technology for rural roads rehabilitation and maintenance applied in various projects in recent years in Cambodia. It analysis the results of a number of projects in which different implementation modalities were chosen, including force account operations, the involvement of contractors, use of local contractors, use of equipment as well as the application of labour-based methods supported with light construction equipment. The appropriate choice of technology has additional benefits relating to issues beyond the confines of the rural road sector