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Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
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Eswatini - 2013

  • 1 Description of national OSH regulatory framework

    • 1.1 Description of OSH regulatory framework

      Summary/citation: Workplace health and safety laws for Swaziland are contained largely in the Factories, Machinery and Construction Works Act 17 of 1972 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act 9 of 2001. The factories, Machinery and Construction Works Act makes provision for the registration of factories and the regulation of working conditions and the use of machinery at factories, construction works and other premises subject to this Act. The Occupational Safety and Health Act provides for the safety and health of persons at work and at the workplace and for the protection of persons other than persons at the workplace against hazards to safety and health arising out of or in connection with the activities of persons in the workplace.

      • Occupational safety and health country profile: Swaziland

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001).

      • Factories, Machinery and Construction Works Act 1972. No. 17.

  • 2 Scope, coverage and exclusions

  • 3 Institutions and programmes relating to OSH administration and/or enforcement

    • 3.1 Competent national authority for safety and health at work

      Summary/citation: The Minister of Labour is responsible for ensuring overall OSH administration and enforcement. In addition, the OSH Act states that OSH inspectors are appointed by a Government Agency responsible for the employment of public officers.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 4)

      • 3.1.1 Objectives, roles and/or functions

        No data available.
      • 3.1.2 Chairperson and composition

        No data available.
    • 3.2 National OSH research programme or institute

      No data available.
      • 3.2.1 Objectives, roles and/or functions

        No data available.
      • 3.2.2 Governance board constitution and chairmanship

        No data available.
      • 3.2.3 Source of funding

        No data available.
    • 3.3 National OSH programme

      No data available.
      • 3.3.1 Consultation on the national OSH programme

        No data available.
  • 4 Employers’ duties and responsibilities to protect the safety and health of workers and others

    • 4.1 Duty to ensure the health and safety of employees

      Summary/citation: An employer or an occupier has a duty to "ensure the safety and health of all employees during employment by securing safe and healthy working conditions in that employer's or occupier's workplace."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 9(1))

    • 4.2 Duty to protect the health and safety of people other than their own employees

      Summary/citation: An employer is obliged to conduct his or her "activities in such a manner that persons other than the employees are not exposed to hazards or dangers arising from that employer's activities."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 9(9))

    • 4.3 Collaboration among two or more employers at the same workplace

      No data available.
    • 4.4 Surveillance of workers’ health in relation to work

      Summary / Citation: The Minsiter is empowered to promulgate regulation on the medical examination of employees at a workplace. In addition, section 100 of the Employment Act (1980) makes provision for the medical examination of young persons.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 41 (g))

      • 4.4.1 Specific hazards for which surveillance is required

        No data available.
    • 4.5 Surveillance of the working environment and working practices

      Summary / Citation: The OSHA obliges an employer to ensure that there exist a systematic way of identifying, evaluating and controlling hazards at the workplace and such systematic ways are functional at all times.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 9(3))

    • 4.6 Duty to provide personal protective equipment

      Summary / Citation: An employer has a duty to "provide free of charge adequate and appropriate personal protective appliances, equipment and clothing to an employee who is performing activities or processes which expose such an employee to wet, dusty or noisy conditions, extreme heat or extreme cold, or other poisonous, corrosive or injurious substance or material liable to affect the employee's safety and health or cause undue damage to the employee's clothing."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 9(4))

    • 4.7 Duty to ensure the usage of personal protective equipment

      Summary / Citation: "An employee shall, where any means, appliance, equipment or other safety device for securing safety and health is provided by the employer under the provisions of this Act for use and protection of an employee or property in any process, properly use same in accordance with the instructions given by the employer."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 11(2))

    • 4.8 Duty to provide first-aid and welfare facilities

      Sometimes.
      • 4.8.1 Arrangements for first-aid

        Summary / Citation: An employer has a duty to "provide at each place of employment (a) adequate first aid facilities for the treatment of accidents; (b) one or more suitably stocked first aid boxes in charge of a responsible person which shall be readily available during working hours."

        Restrictions / obligations: This does not apply to the employment of a domestic employee by any employer.

        • Employment Act 1980, No. 5/1980. (S 150(1))

      • 4.8.2 Sanitary installations

        Summary / Citation: An employer has an obligation to "ensure that every workroom in which persons are employed by him is kept in a clean and sanitary condition."

        Restrictions / obligations: This does not apply to the employment of a domestic employee by any employer.

        • Employment Act 1980, No. 5/1980. (S 149(1))

      • 4.8.3 Drinking water

        Summary / Citation: An employer is required to "ensure that there is an adequate supply of wholesome drinking water for his employees at their place work."

        Restrictions / obligations: This does not apply to the employment of a domestic employee by any employer.

        • Employment Act 1980, No. 5/1980. (S 149(2)(a))

      • 4.8.4 Rest and eating areas

        Summary / Citation:

  • 5 Employers’ duty to organize prevention formally along generally accepted OSH management principles and practices

    • 5.1 Elements of an OSH management system

      Sometimes.
      • 5.1.1 Policy or plan specifying responsibilities and arrangements for health and safety

        Summary/citation: Employers are required to prepare a written policy concerning or relating the protection of the safety and health of his or her employees at work.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 13(1))

      • 5.1.2 Appointment of a person for health and safety

        No data available.
      • 5.1.3 Written risk assessment

        No data available.
      • 5.1.4 Safe operating work systems and procedures

        Summary/citation: An employers is obliged to "as far as reasonably practicable ensure by effective supervision that work is perfomed in a safe manner and without risks to health or exposure to danger."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 9(2))

      • 5.1.5 Training and information on risks

        Summary/citation: An employer has a duty to "ensure that an employee receives the necessary training and instruction to perform the employee's work in such a way as to avoid any danger, or risk to danger, loss of health or injury."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 9(6))

      • 5.1.6 Review or assessment of the results of preventive measures

        No data available.
      • 5.1.7 Consultation with workers in health and safety

        No data available.
    • 5.2 Obligation to implement a specific OSH management system or standard

      No data available.
  • 6 Employers’ duty to ensure availability of expertise and competence in health and safety

    • 6.1 OSH competence

      No data available.
      • 6.1.1 Requirement to access expert advice and/or support in health and safety

        No data available.
        • 6.1.1.1 Qualifications of experts or professional services

          No data available.
    • 6.2 Appointment of an OSH practitioner

      No data available.
      • 6.2.1 Workforce size threshold for the appointment of OSH practitioners

        No data available.
  • 7 Workers' rights and duties

    • 7.1 Duty to take reasonable steps to protect their own safety and health

      Summary / Citation: “No person, including employer or employee or any other person, shall do anything that endangers or is likely to endanger the safety, health or welfare of that persons or any other person.”

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 8(1))

    • 7.2 Duty to take reasonable steps to protect the safety and health of others

      Summary / Citation: “No person, including employer or employee or any other person, shall do anything that endangers or is likely to endanger the safety, health or welfare of that persons or any other person.”

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 8(1))

    • 7.3 Supervisors’ duty to take reasonable steps to protect the safety and health of others

      No data available.
    • 7.4 Senior officers’ duty to take reasonable steps to protect the safety and health of others

      No data available.
    • 7.5 Self-employed persons’ duty to take reasonable steps to protect their own and other people’s health and safety

      Summary / Citation: Duties imposed on an employer under section 9 of the OSH Act "mutatis mutandis apply to a self-employed person and to that person's workplace."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 10)

    • 7.6 Duty to comply with OSH-related requirements

      Summary / Citation: "An employee shall cooperate and follow instructions given by the employer, Commissioner, inspector or any other person lawfully authorised to give instructions in keeping the working conditions safe and without risk to health and injury in the field of that activity."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 11(1))

    • 7.7 Right to enquire about risks and preventive measures

      No data available.
    • 7.8 Right to remove themselves from a dangerous situation

      Summary / Citation: "An employee shall have the right to remove himself or herself from danger when such an employee has reasonable justification to believe there is imminent and serious risk to the safety and health of that employee."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 18(2))

    • 7.9 Right to be reassigned to non-hazard work

      No data available.
      • 7.9.1 Right to withdraw with compensation when workers are not reassigned to non-hazard work

        No data available.
  • 8 Consultation, collaboration and co-operation with workers and their representatives

    • 8.1 National OSH committee, commission, council or similar body

      Summary / Citation: The Minister of Labour is required to set up a Tripartite Advisory Technical Committee of Experts (Committee of Experts) for occupational safety and health in an advisory capacity to the Labour Advisory Board.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 19(1))

      • 8.1.1 Objectives, roles and/or functions

        Summary / Citation: The Committee of Experts' functions include the following: "(a) collect information on standards of occupational safety and health in all branches of economic activities and propose national standardss; (b) coordinate legislation inoccupational safety and health at national level; (c) recommend formulation and review of the national policy on occupational saferty and health; (d) advise the Labour Advisory Board which in turn shall advise the Minister on the formulation of standards and guidance notes for the purpose of assisting employers and employees to create and maintain an acceptable standard of occupational safety and health; and (e) perform any other functions assigned to it by the Labvour Advisory Board."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 19(2))

      • 8.1.2 Constitution and chairmanship modalities

        Summary / Citation: The Committee of Experts is composed of membes from government, employers' and employees' organizations.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 20(1))

    • 8.2 Employers’ duty to consult workers on risks

      No data available.
    • 8.3 Workers’ right to select their representatives for health and safety matters

      Summary / Citation: Employees have a right to elect at least one safety and health representative in every workplace.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 14(1))

      • 8.3.1 Workforce size conditions for workers’ representation in health and safety

        Summary / Citation: "In a workplace which comprises of departments, every department with five or more employees shall be entitled to a least one safety and health representative elected by the employees in that department. Whilst in the case of a workplace where there are no departments, employees shall be entitled to at least one safety and health representative elected by the employees in that workplace".

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 14(2))

      • 8.3.2 Conditions of eligibility to represent workers in health and safety

        Summary / Citation: An OSH representative must be familiar and conversant with the working conditions or activities of that department or operations of that workplace.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 14(4))

    • 8.4 OSH representatives’ functions, rights and powers

      No data available.
      • 8.4.1 Right to inspect the workplace

        Summary / Citation: OSH representatives have the authority to "inspect the workplace including plant, machinery, substance, with a view to ascertaining the safety and health of employees provided that the employers is informed about the purpose of inspection."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 15(c ))

      • 8.4.2 Right to access OSH information

        Summary / Citation: An employer has a duty to “inform a safety and health representative, or the safety and health committee, or an employee of any directive or instruction whether written or not written, given to that employer by the Commissioner or by an inspector in connection with the safety and health of that workplace or any directive or instruction so intended by the Commissioner or inspector to be communicated to the employees or their safety and health representatives or the safety and health committee.”

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 9(7))

      • 8.4.3 Right to be present at interviews

        No data available.
      • 8.4.4 Right to receive professional assistance from OSH experts

        No data available.
      • 8.4.5 Right to accompany inspectors

        Summary / Citation: OSH representatives are entitled to "accompany an inspector whilst the inspector is carrying out the inspector’s duties at the workplace."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 15(d))

      • 8.4.6 Right to use facilities

        No data available.
      • 8.4.7 Right to have time off work with pay to perform duties

        Summary / Citation: "The functions, duties and training of or by a safety and health representative shall be performed during ordinary working hours and any time reasonably spent by a safety and health representative or an employee in connection with the functions or duties of a safety and health representative shall be time spent by that representative or employee in carrying out duties as an employee of that workplace."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 15(2))

      • 8.4.8 Right to issue remedial notices

        No data available.
      • 8.4.9 Right to resolve OSH issues in consultation with employers

        Summary / Citation: An OSH representative has to power to, in collaboration with the employer, investigate the cause of accidents at the workplace.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 15(1)(b))

      • 8.4.10 Right to direct that dangerous work cease

        No data available.
    • 8.5 Right of workers’ representatives from outside the undertaking to address OSH issues at the workplace

      No data available.
      • 8.5.1 Right to enter the workplace

        No data available.
      • 8.5.2 Right to investigate suspected non-compliance with OSH legislation

        No data available.
      • 8.5.3 Right to consult with workers

        No data available.
      • 8.5.4 Right to advise workers

        No data available.
      • 8.5.5 Right to initiate enforcement action

        No data available.
    • 8.6 Joint OSH Committee

      Summary / Citation: Employers with a workplace with twenty or more employees are required to set up at least one functioning safety and health committee.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 16(1))

      • 8.6.1 Participation of workers’ representatives in joint OSH committee

        Summary / Citation: Employees have a right to appoint to the OSH committee the employee representatives.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 16(4))

      • 8.6.2 Conditions for establishing a joint OSH committee

        Summary / Citation: At least one functioning OSH committee shall be established in a workplace with twenty or more employees.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 16(1))

      • 8.6.3 Objectives, roles and/or functions of joint OSH committees

        Summary / Citation: An OSH committee has the power to, among others,
        “(a) discuss matters affecting the health and safety of persons at a workplace or any section thereof for which the committee has been established;
        (b) make recommendations to the employer or, where the recommendations fail to resolve the matter, to the Chief Inspector regarding any matter affecting the safety and health of persons at a workplace or any section thereof for which such committee has been established; and
        (c)discuss any incident at a workplace or a section thereof in which or in consequence of which any person was injured, became ill or died, and may in writing report the incident to the Chief Inspector, and may perform such other functions as may be prescribed.”

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 17(1))

      • 8.6.4 Keeping record of the work of joint OSH committees

        Summary / Citation: An OSH committee has an obligation to keep record of recommendations made to an employer and any report made to the Chief Inspector.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 17(2))

      • 8.6.5 Sharing the minutes of joint OSH committees meetings

        No data available.
    • 8.7 Mandatory training for members of joint OSH committee(s)

      No data available.
    • 8.8 Protection against reprisals

      Summary / Citation: Employees may not be victimised for exercising any rights under the OSH legislation.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 18(1))

    • 8.9 Immunity from civil and criminal liability for exercising OSH related rights and duties

      Summary / Citation: “A safety and health committee or a member thereof shall not incur any civil liability by reason of the fact only that it or that member failed to do anything which it or that member may or is required to do in terms of this Act or any other related Act.”

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 17(10))

  • 9 Specific hazards or risks

    • 9.1 Biological hazards

    • 9.2 Chemical hazards

      Yes.
      • 9.2.1 Handling, storage, labelling and use

        No data available.
      • 9.2.2 Duty of manufacturers, suppliers and importers of chemicals in relation to the safety and health of users

        Summary / Citation: "(1) A person who designs, manufactures, imports, or uses any article, substance , machinery or plant at a workplace, shall-
        a. ensure that the article, substance, machinery or plant is safe and without risks to health when properly maintained and used;
        b. provide for the necessary information in connection with the proper use for which is designed for its proper maintenance; and
        c. ensure that it has been tested and the report of the test shall be made available to the employer, occupier or user.
        (2) An employer, occupier or user shall, before an article, substance, machinery or plant is put to its use, ensures that it is safe and without risk to any person’s health or life and it complies with any law respecting health and safety."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 12)

      • 9.2.3 Pesticides

        No data available.
    • 9.3 Ergonomic hazards

      No data available.
    • 9.4 Physical hazards

      Sometimes.
      • 9.4.1 Ionising radiation

        No data available.
      • 9.4.2 Vibration and noise

        Summary / Citation: "An employer shall provide free of charge adequate and appropriate personal protective appliances, equipment and clothing to an employee who is performing activities or processes which expose such an employee to wet, dusty or noisy conditions, extreme heat or extreme cold, or to any other poisonous, corrosive or injurious substance or material liable to affect the employee’s safety and health or cause undue damage to the employee’s clothing."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 9(4))

      • 9.4.3 Working at height

        No data available.
      • 9.4.4 Working in confined spaces

        No data available.
      • 9.4.5 Risks arising from poor maintenance of workplace facilities

        No data available.
      • 9.4.6 Exposure to extreme temperatures

        Summary / Citation: "An employer shall provide free of charge adequate and appropriate personal protective appliances, equipment and clothing to an employee who is performing activities or processes which expose such an employee to wet, dusty or noisy conditions, extreme heat or extreme cold, or to any other poisonous, corrosive or injurious substance or material liable to affect the employee’s safety and health or cause undue damage to the employee’s clothing."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 9(4))

      • 9.4.7 Fire risks

        No data available.
      • 9.4.8 Tobacco

        No data available.
      • 9.4.9 Asbestos

        No data available.
      • 9.4.10 Risks related to nanotechnology

        No data available.
      • 9.4.11 Contraction of HIV in the workplace

    • 9.5 Psychosocial hazards

      No data available.
      • 9.5.1 Psychosocial risks

        No data available.
      • 9.5.2 Occupational violence

        No data available.
    • 9.6 Other hazardous substances

      Summary / Citation: "(1) A person who designs, manufactures, imports, or uses any article, substance , machinery or plant at a workplace, shall-
      a. ensure that the article, substance, machinery or plant is safe and without risks to health when properly maintained and used;
      b. provide for the necessary information in connection with the proper use for which is designed for its proper maintenance; and
      c. ensure that it has been tested and the report of the test shall be made available to the employer, occupier or user.
      (2) An employer, occupier or user shall, before an article, substance, machinery or plant is put to its use, ensures that it is safe and without risk to any person’s health or life and it complies with any law respecting health and safety."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 12)

    • 9.7 Machineries

      Sometimes.
      • 9.7.1 Risks related to machinery and tools

        Summary / Citation: "Without deroting the powers conferred under subsection (1) the Minister may make regulations in respect of- 27
        (a) health and safety of persons at a workplace or health and safety of persons in connection with the use of plant and machinery, or the protection of persons other than persons at a workplace against risks to health and safety arising from or connected with the activities of persons at a workplace;
        (b) the measure to be taken by owners, occupiers and users of buildings intended or being used as a workplace or places where equipment or machinery is used or stored to ensure the safety and health of workers;
        (c) the design, manufacture, installation, operation, use, handling, alteration, repair, maintenance and conveyance of plant, machinery or safety and health equipment or other thing;"

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 41(2))

      • 9.7.2 Duty of designers and/or manufacturers of machineries in relation to the occupational safety and health of operators of machineries

        Summary / Citation: “A person who designs, manufactures, imports, or uses any article, substance, machinery or plant at a workplace, shall ensure that the article, substance, machinery or plant is safe and without risks to health when properly maintained and used.”

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 12(1)(a))

      • 9.7.3 Duty of designers, manufacturers, importers or suppliers of machineries to provide machineries information

        Summary / Citation: “A person who designs, manufactures, imports, or uses any article, substance, machinery or plant at a workplace, shall provide for the necessary information in connection with the proper use for which is designed for its proper maintenance.”

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 12(1)(b))

      • 9.7.4 Duty to purchase machineries from authorised/certificated suppliers or only if approved/certificated

        No data available.
      • 9.7.5 Maintenance of machinery and equipment

        No data available.
        • 9.7.5.1 List of equipment where applicable

          No data available.
    • 9.8 Provisions to protect workers in specific condition of vulnerability

      Sometimes.
      • 9.8.1 Protection of pregnancy at work

        No data available.
      • 9.8.2 Protection of lactating women at work

        No data available.
      • 9.8.3 Limits to women’s access to specific occupations, undertakings or shifts

        Summary / Citation: "No employer shall employ any female underground in any mine."

        • Employment Act 1980, No. 5/1980. (S 101 (2) )

        Related CEACR Comments
        Underground Work (Women) Convention, 1935 (No. 45) Direct Request 2005

      • 9.8.4 Limits to workers’ access to specific occupations, undertakings or shifts by reason of age

        Summary / Citation: For example, "no persons shall employ any child in any industrial undertaking other than an industrial undertaking in which only members of his [or her] immediate family are employed; a technical school under the supervision of a teacher or person authorised bu the Minster responsible for Education; an industrial undertaking which is not being conducted for commercial profit and where the work is essentially of an educative character approved as such by the Labour Commissioner in writing." In addition, "no person shall employ any child in any undertaking during school hours; between the hours of 6:00 p.m of one day and 7:00 a.m of the following day; for more than six hours in any day; for more than 33 hours in one week; for more than four hours continuously, without an interval of at least one hour foe a meal or rest."

        • Employment Act 1980, No. 5/1980. (S 97(1) and (2))

        Related CEACR Comments
        Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Observation 2017
        Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Direct Request 2016
        Night Work of Young Persons (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1948 (No. 90) Direct Request 2017

  • 10 Recording, notification and investigation of accidents/incidents and diseases

    • 10.1 Duty to record and/or investigate the causes of work accidents, near misses incidents and cases of occupational diseases

      Yes.
    • 10.2 Employers’ duty to notify OSH authorities of work related death and/or injuries to health

      Summary / Citation: “If any accident in a workplace causes a loss of life or prevents any person from continuing that person’s normal activities for three days or more, or causes an injury likely to cause a permanent defect, or a dangerous or harmful occurrence which shall or is likely to cause death, serious injury which may or may not cause a permanent defect, the occupier, employer, or contractor, as the case may be, shall immediately and as expeditiously as possible notify the inspector thereof and not later than seven days deliver a report, written in the prescribed form in the First Schedule, to the Inspector.”
      “If any person who works or has worked in any workplace is certified by a medical practitioner to be suffering from an industrial or occupational disease which appears to be due to the nature of that person’s employment or activity, the employer concerned shall notify an inspector thereof and in the prescribed form in the First Schedule unless the industrial or occupational disease has been or is being notified under the Workmen’s Compensation Act No. 7 of 1983.”

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2001 (No. 9 of 2001). (S 28(1), S 32(1))

      Related CEACR Comments
      Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81) Observation 2016
      Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81) Direct Request 2016

  • 11 OSH inspection and enforcement of OSH legislation

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