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Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
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Korea, Republic of - 2015

  • 1 Description of national OSH regulatory framework

    • 1.1 Description of OSH regulatory framework

      Summary/citation: The Occupational Safety and Health Act (hereinafter referred as the “OSH Act”) is the leading OSH legislation in Korea and aims to maintain and promote the safety and health of workers.

      In addition to this Act, there are two important regulations, one is the Enforcement Decree of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the other is the Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards, both made under the OSH Act. The Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards include detailed regulations regarding safety and health standards, whereas the Enforcement Decree of the Occupational Safety and Health Act relates to more general issues. Another OSH related piece of legislation is the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labour of the Occupational Safety and Health made under the Enforcement Decree of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.

      Another important legislative pillar on occupational safety and health is the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act. The purpose of this Act is to contribute to the protection of workers by compensating them promptly and fairly for any occupational accident through the industrial accident compensation insurance business and by establishing and operating insurance facilities necessary to facilitate the rehabilitation of workers suffering from occupational accidents and their return to society, as well as by carrying out accident prevention projects and workers’ welfare projects. If the OSH Act is setting out standards and principles on occupational safety and health related matters focusing more on the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases, this Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act concentrates on the compensation and welfare after the occupational injury has happened. This insurance is a state-run social security programme for workers with work-related injuries, diseases or the resulting disability, or workers who have died due to either of the foregoing while they're working in a workplace. Workers are eligible for various benefits from this insurance to receive any required medical treatments and make a living for them and their dependents while recuperating from injuries and illnesses.

      Furthermore, some provisions in the Labour Standards Act, which is the leading labour legislation in Korea, relate to OSH issues.

      • Labor Standards Act (Law No. 5309).

      • Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor of the Occupational Safety and Health

      • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards

      • Enforcement Decree of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (Presidential Decree No. 13053)

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act

      • Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (No. 1438 of 1963).

  • 2 Scope, coverage and exclusions

  • 3 Institutions and programmes relating to OSH administration and/or enforcement

  • 4 Employers’ duties and responsibilities to protect the safety and health of workers and others

  • 5 Employers’ duty to organize prevention formally along generally accepted OSH management principles and practices

    • 5.1 Elements of an OSH management system

      Sometimes.
      • 5.1.1 Policy or plan specifying responsibilities and arrangements for health and safety

        Summary/citation: “(1) Although it is not a duty of an employer to create an OSH prevention system, employers of certain businesses are under a duty to assign a safety and health manager who is responsible for the establishment of an industrial accident and disease prevention plan. An employer shall assign a safety and health manager (hereinafter referred to as “safety and health manager”) who is responsible for the overall management and control of the following matters:
        1. Matters concerning the establishment of an industrial accident and disease prevention plan;
        2. Matters concerning the preparation and modification of the safety and health management regulations under Article 20;
        3. Matters concerning the safety and health education of employees under Article 31;
        4. Matters concerning the inspection and improvement of the work environment, such as work environment monitoring, etc., under Article 42;
        5. Matters concerning the management of health, such as health examinations, etc., of workers, under Article 43;
        6. Matters concerning the investigation of the causes of industrial accidents and the establishment of measures to prevent a recurrence;
        7. Matters concerning the record and maintenance of statistics on industrial accidents;
        8. Matters concerning decisions on whether or not safety devices and personal protective equipment related to safety and health meet product standards at the time of purchase; and
        9. Other matters concerning the prevention of harm and hazard to workers under Chapter IV, and as prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
        (2)The safety and health manager shall direct and supervise a safety manager under Article 15 and health managers under Article 16.
        (3)The type and scale of the business to which a safety and health manager is to be assigned and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by the Presidential Decree.”

        "A project specified by Presidential Decree in the former part, above subparagraphs, of Article 18 (1) of the Act means a project for any of the following business and industries, in which full-time workers, including workers employed by contractors and subcontractors, are at least 50 persons (100 persons in a project falling under any provision of subparagraphs 4 through 7) or a construction project in which the total construction cost, including the cost of construction works awarded to contractors and subcontractors, amounts to at least two billion won:
        1. The primary metal industry;
        2. The business of building ships or boats;
        3. The business of mining earth, sand, and stones;
        4. The manufacturing industry (except for business of subparagraphs 1 and 2);
        5. The business of publishing books, magazines, and other printed materials;
        6. The business of publishing music and other audio products;
        7. The business of recycling metal and nonmetal materials."

        • Enforcement Decree of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (Presidential Decree No. 13053) (Art. 23)

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 13)

      • 5.1.2 Appointment of a person for health and safety

        Summary/citation: “Although it is not a duty of an employer to create an OSH prevention system, employers of certain businesses are under a duty to assign a safety and health manager who is responsible for the establishment of an industrial accident and disease prevention plan."

        "A project specified by Presidential Decree in the former part, above subparagraphs, of Article 18 (1) of the Act means a project for any of the following business and industries, in which full-time workers, including workers employed by contractors and subcontractors, are at least 50 persons (100 persons in a project falling under any provision of subparagraphs 4 through 7) or a construction project in which the total construction cost, including the cost of construction works awarded to contractors and subcontractors, amounts to at least two billion won:
        1. The primary metal industry;
        2. The business of building ships or boats;
        3. The business of mining earth, sand, and stones;
        4. The manufacturing industry (except for business of subparagraphs 1 and 2);
        5. The business of publishing books, magazines, and other printed materials;
        6. The business of publishing music and other audio products;
        7. The business of recycling metal and nonmetal materials."

        Remarks / comments: The type and scale of the business to which a safety and health manager is to be assigned and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by the Presidential Decree.”

        • Enforcement Decree of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (Presidential Decree No. 13053) (Art. 23)

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 13)

      • 5.1.3 Written risk assessment

        Summary/citation: "(1) An employer shall find hazards caused by structures, machines, instruments, equipment, raw materials, gas, vapor, dust, etc., work behavior or any other work, determine their riskiness, and take measures under this Act and any order issued under this Act according to the results, and if it is necessary in order to prevent risks or health problems for workers, shall take additional measures.
        (2) If an employer has conducted a risk assessment pursuant to paragraph (1), he/she shall record and keep the contents and results of the assessment, as prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
        (3) The methods of, procedures for, and timing of, finding hazards, determining their riskiness and taking measures under paragraph (1) and other necessary matters shall be determined and announced by the Minister of Employment and Labor."

        • Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor of the Occupational Safety and Health (Art. 92-11)

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 41-2)

      • 5.1.4 Safe operating work systems and procedures

        No data available.

        Related CEACR Comments
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

      • 5.1.5 Training and information on risks

        Summary/citation: "An employer shall periodically provide safety and health education for workers in the workplace as prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor."

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 31 (1))

        Related CEACR Comments
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

      • 5.1.6 Review or assessment of the results of preventive measures

        No data available.
      • 5.1.7 Consultation with workers in health and safety

        Summary/citation: An employer may organize and operate a labor-management consultative body on safety and health, composed of an equal number of workers and employers. The employer who organizes and operates a labor- management consultative body shall go through deliberation and decision by the labor management consultative body with regard to ta number of matters described in the law.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 29-2)

        Related CEACR Comments
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

    • 5.2 Obligation to implement a specific OSH management system or standard

      No data available.
  • 6 Employers’ duty to ensure availability of expertise and competence in health and safety

    • 6.1 OSH competence

      Sometimes.
      • 6.1.1 Requirement to access expert advice and/or support in health and safety

        Summary / Citation: "(1)An occupational safety consultant shall perform the following duties at the request of others:

        1.Evaluation and guidance on safety in a work process;

        2.Evaluation and guidance on the prevention of harm and hazard;

        3.Preparation of the plan and report referred to in subparagraphs 1 and 2; and

        4.Other matters concerning occupational safety and prescribed by the Presidential Decree.

        (2)An occupational hygiene consultant shall perform the following duties at the request of others:

        1.Evaluation of work environment and guidance on the improvement of work environment;

        2.Preparation of a plan and report concerning the improvement of work environment;

        3. Surveys and research on occupational hygiene; and

        4.Other matters concerning occupational hygiene and prescribed by the Presidential Decree.

        (3)Necessary matters concerning the areas, scope, etc., of services provided by occupational safety and hygiene consultants (hereinafter referred to as the “consultant”) shall be prescribed by the Presidential Decree."

        Remarks / comments: Although an employer does not have the duty to hire the certified Occupational Safety/Hygiene Consultants, the government encourages employers to consult such OSH competence voluntarily by exempting the workplace from certain government/ministry issued examinations related to OSH requirements.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 52-2)

        • 6.1.1.1 Qualifications of experts or professional services

          Summary / Citation: "A person who intends to be a consultant shall pass the examination for consultant administered by the Minister of Employment and Labor."

          • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 52-3 ~ 52-15)

    • 6.2 Appointment of an OSH practitioner

      Summary/citation: Employers of certain businesses must assign a safety manager/a health manager at the workplace to assist the employer or the safety and health manager in technical matters.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 15,16)

  • 7 Workers' rights and duties

    • 7.1 Duty to take reasonable steps to protect their own safety and health

      Summary / Citation: "A worker shall observe the standards for the prevention of industrial accidents as prescribed by this Act and any order issued under this Act, and are subject to measures for the prevention of industrial accidents taken by the employer or other related organizations."

      Workers shall observe the measures taken by an employer pursuant to Articles 23 and 24, and as prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor to ensure safety and health at work.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 6, 25)

    • 7.2 Duty to take reasonable steps to protect the safety and health of others

      Summary / Citation: "A worker shall observe the standards for the prevention of industrial accidents as prescribed by this Act and any order issued under this Act, and are subject to measures for the prevention of industrial accidents taken by the employer or other related organizations."

      Workers shall observe the measures taken by an employer pursuant to Articles 23 and 24, and as prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor to ensure safety and health at work.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 6, 25)

    • 7.3 Supervisors’ duty to take reasonable steps to protect the safety and health of others

      Summary / Citation: "An employer shall have a supervisor of the workplace (this refers to the head of a division within the management structure, who directly manages and supervises production work and employees involved therein or who takes charge of such a position; hereinafter the same shall apply) to carry out the safety- and health-related duties prescribed by the Presidential Decree, such as safety and health inspection: provided, that with regard to work prescribed by the Presidential Decree and particularly requiring the prevention of danger, the safety- and health-related duties prescribed by the Presidential Decree, such as special education for employees involved in such work, shall be performed additionally."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 14 (1))

    • 7.4 Senior officers’ duty to take reasonable steps to protect the safety and health of others

      Summary / Citation: "If a worker suspends work and takes shelter due to any urgent risk of an industrial accident and disease, he/she shall report it without delay to the immediate superior officer, who shall take appropriate measures to address the situation."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 26 (2))

    • 7.5 Self-employed persons’ duty to take reasonable steps to protect their own and other people’s health and safety

      No data available.
    • 7.6 Duty to comply with OSH-related requirements

      Summary / Citation: "A worker shall observe the standards for the prevention of industrial accidents as prescribed by this Act and any order issued under this Act, and are subject to measures for the prevention of industrial accidents taken by the employer or other related organizations."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 6)

    • 7.7 Right to enquire about risks and preventive measures

      Summary / Citation: A workers' representative may request the employer to notify him/her of the matters concerning OSH, including matters concerning work environment surveillance.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 11)

      Related CEACR Comments
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

    • 7.8 Right to remove themselves from a dangerous situation

      Summary / Citation: If there are reasonable grounds to believe that there exists any imminent danger of an industrial accident and disease, the employer shall not dismiss or give other unfavorable treatments to workers who have suspended work and taken shelter.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 26 (3))

      Related CEACR Comments
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

    • 7.9 Right to be reassigned to non-hazard work

      No data available.
      • 7.9.1 Right to withdraw with compensation when workers are not reassigned to non-hazard work

        No data available.
  • 8 Consultation, collaboration and co-operation with workers and their representatives

    • 8.1 National OSH committee, commission, council or similar body

      Summary / Citation: "(1) In order to deliberate on important matters concerning industrial accident compensation insurance and the prevention of industrial accidents, there shall be established an Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance and Prevention Deliberation Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "Committee") in the Ministry of Employment and Labor.

      (2) The Committee shall be comprised of the same number of members representing workers, members representing employers, and members representing public interest.

      (3) For the purposes of examining matters deliberated by the Committee and assisting in the deliberation procedures thereof, there may be established expert committees in the Committee.

      (4) Matters necessary for the organization, functions and operation of the Committee and the expert committees shall be determined by Presidential Decree. "

      • Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (No. 1438 of 1963). (Art. 8)

      Related CEACR Comments
      Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187) Observation 2014
      Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187) Direct Request 2019

      • 8.1.1 Objectives, roles and/or functions

        Summary / Citation: The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance and Prevention Deliberation Committee under Article 8 (1) of the Act (hereinafter referred to as “Committee”) shall deliberate on the following matters:

        1. Matters concerning the criteria for calculating medical care benefits under Article 40 (5) of the Act, such as the scope and amount of medical care benefits;

        2. Matters concerning the determination of the rates of industrial accident compensation insurance premiums under Article 14 (3) and (4) of the Insurance Premium Collection Act;

        3. Matters concerning the establishment of the plan for the operation of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance and Prevention Fund referred to in Article 98 of the Act; and

        4. Policies concerning occupational safety and health affairs specified in each subparagraph of Article 4 (1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and basic mid- and long-term plan for the prevention of industrial accidents as prescribed by Article 8 of the same Act; and

        5. Other matters to be put to deliberation by the Minister of Employment and Labor with respect to industrial accident compensation insurance activities (hereinafter referred to as "insurance activities") and occupational safety and health affairs.

        • Enforcement Decree of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (Presidential Decree No. 1837 of 1964). (Art. 3)

      • 8.1.2 Constitution and chairmanship modalities

        Summary / Citation: The members of the Committee shall be appointed or commissioned by the Minister of Employment and Labor as follows:

        1. Members representing workers shall be five persons who are recommended by trade unions which are a confederation of trade unions;

        2. Members representing employers shall be five persons who are recommended by employers' organizations representing the whole country; and

        3. Members representing the public interests shall be five persons, each described in the following items.
        A. Vice Minister of Employment and Labor
        B. One public official from among senior public officials in charge of industrial accident compensation insurance affairs or industrial accidents prevention affairs in the Ministry of Employment and Labor
        C. Three persons among those recommended by citizens' groups (referring to non-profit private organizations prescribed in Article 2 of the Assistance for Non-Profit Non-Governmental Organizations Act) and those with plenty of academic knowledge or experiences in social insurance and/or industrial accident prevention.

        • Enforcement Decree of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (Presidential Decree No. 1837 of 1964). (Art. 4)

    • 8.2 Employers’ duty to consult workers on risks

      Summary / Citation: An employer may organize and operate a labor-management consultative body on safety and health, composed of an equal number of workers and employers. The employer who organizes and operates a labor- management consultative body shall go through deliberation and decision by the labor management consultative body with regard to ta number of matters described in the law.

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 29-2)

      Related CEACR Comments
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

    • 8.3 Workers’ right to select their representatives for health and safety matters

      Summary / Citation: The term “representative of workers” refers to a trade union, in case a trade union comprising the majority of workers concerned exists, and if such a trade union does not exist, a person who represents the majority of workers concerned.

      The Labour Management Council is a bipartite body that must be established in any company with at least 30 workers. The mandate of the Council is to promote the welfare of workers and seeking the sound development of the business through the participation and cooperation of workers and employers

      The employer must consult with this committee on the “improvement of occupational safety and health and other work environments and promotion of workers” under Art. 20(4) of this Act.

      Election of worker representatives:

      I. Unionized workplaces

      “Members representing workers (hereinafter referred to as “workers’ members”) shall be elected by the workers, and if there is a trade union composed of a majority of workers, the representative of the trade union and persons appointed by the trade union shall be workers' members.”

      II. Non-unionized workplaces

      "(1) Workers' members of a business or workplace where a trade union consisting of a majority of workers is not organized as prescribed in Article 6 (2) and (4) of the Act shall be elected by workers by direct, secret and unsigned ballot : Provided that, if deemed unavoidable due to any special characteristics of a business or workplace, workers electing workers’ members (hereinafter referred to as the “workers’ member voters”) may be elected in the first place in a number proportional to the number of workers of each department, and then the workers’ members may be elected by a majority of workers’ member voters by direct, secret and unsigned ballot.
      (2) A person who intends to run for a workers’ member shall be a worker at the business or workplace concerned, and shall obtain recommendation from ten or more workers at the said business or workplace."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 2 (4))

      • Enforcement Decree of the Act concerning the Promotion of Worker Participation and Cooperation (Presidential Decree No. 15323). (Art. 3)

      • Promotion of Worker Participation and Cooperation Act (Act No. 5312). (Art. 3, 6 (2), 20 (4))

      Related CEACR Comments
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

      • 8.3.1 Workforce size conditions for workers’ representation in health and safety

        Summary / Citation: The Labour Management Council is a bipartite body that must be established in any company with at least 30 workers. The mandate of the Council is to promote the welfare of workers and seeking the sound development of the business through the participation and cooperation of workers and employers.

        • Promotion of Worker Participation and Cooperation Act (Act No. 5312). (Art. 3)

      • 8.3.2 Conditions of eligibility to represent workers in health and safety

        No data available.
    • 8.4 OSH representatives’ functions, rights and powers

      • 8.4.1 Right to inspect the workplace

        Summary / Citation: "An employer shall have a person with the qualifications prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor monitor and evaluate the work environment of the workplaces prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor, where work harmful to workers’ health is carried out, record and keep the results and report them to the Minister of Employment and Labor, as prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor. In this case, at his/her request, the workers' representative shall be allowed to be present during the work environment monitoring. "

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 42 (1))

      • 8.4.2 Right to access OSH information

        Summary / Citation: A workers' representative may request the employer to notify him/her of the contents or results of some OSH related matters, and the employer shall comply faithfully.


        An employer shall directly hold an information session on the results of work environment monitoring and health examination, or get the institution which has conducted the work environment monitoring and health examination hold such session, at the request of the occupational safety and health committee under Article 19 or workers' representative.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 11 (2), 41 (11), 42 (6), 43 (6), 49, 49-2)

        Related CEACR Comments
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

      • 8.4.3 Right to be present at interviews

        No data available.
      • 8.4.4 Right to receive professional assistance from OSH experts

      • 8.4.5 Right to accompany inspectors

        No data available.
      • 8.4.6 Right to use facilities

        No data available.
      • 8.4.7 Right to have time off work with pay to perform duties

        No data available.
      • 8.4.8 Right to issue remedial notices

        No data available.
      • 8.4.9 Right to resolve OSH issues in consultation with employers

        Summary / Citation: If an employer prepares or modifies safety and health management regulations pursuant to Article 20, prepares a process safety report under Article 49-2 (1), or formulates a safety and health improvement plan under Article 50 (1) of the OSH Act, he/she shall do so through the deliberation of the occupational safety and health committee as prescribed in Article 19: provided that for a workplace where an occupational safety and health committee is not established, the employer shall obtain the consent of the representative of workers.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 21, 49-2 (2), 50 (3))

      • 8.4.10 Right to direct that dangerous work cease

        No data available.
    • 8.5 Right of workers’ representatives from outside the undertaking to address OSH issues at the workplace

      No data available.
    • 8.6 Joint OSH Committee

      Summary / Citation: For businesses of certain type and scale, "in order to deliberate or decide on important matters concerning occupational safety and health, an employer shall establish and operate an occupational safety and health committee composed of an equal number of workers and employers."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 19 (1), (8))

    • 8.7 Mandatory training for members of joint OSH committee(s)

      No data available.

      Related CEACR Comments
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

    • 8.8 Protection against reprisals

      Summary / Citation: "An employer shall not treat a member of the occupational safety and health committee unfavorably by reason of his/her legitimate activities as a member of the Committee."

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 19 (7))

      Related CEACR Comments
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

    • 8.9 Immunity from civil and criminal liability for exercising OSH related rights and duties

      No data available.

      Related CEACR Comments
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

  • 9 Specific hazards or risks

    • 9.1 Biological hazards

      Summary / Citation: The general principles to deal with biological hazards are informing risks, preventive measures and management after exposure. There are also specific guidelines for hazardous work due to the exposure to “Blood-borne Infection”, “Air-borne Infection” and “Insects and Animal-borne Infection”.

      • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 592 ~ 604)

      Related CEACR Comments
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

    • 9.2 Chemical hazards

      Yes.
      • 9.2.1 Handling, storage, labelling and use

        Summary / Citation: An employer shall have workers operate the work in accordance with work instructions so that harmful substances requiring management may not leak where he handles harmful substances requiring management equipment or auxiliary installations. An employer shall tightly pack the substance of harmful substances requiring management, in the event of transporting or storing it, using a sturdy vessel with a lid or a stopper on it where it is not deemed to cause any leak or release of its substance. An employer shall store prohibited harmful substances at a designated place to prevent unauthorized workers from handling, and its notice shall be posted a place where it is easily noticeable. Where workers are engaged into manufacturing or using prohibited harmful substances, an employer shall inform workers of the matters including physical and chemical characteristics, carcinogenicity, etc effect to human body and its symptoms, precautions for handling, personal protective equipment to put on and its wearing method, emergency response procedures and first aid and matters related to other to prevent workers from catching health problems.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 420 ~ 511)

        Related CEACR Comments
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014
        Chemicals Convention, 1990 (No. 170) Direct Request 2014

      • 9.2.2 Duty of manufacturers, suppliers and importers of chemicals in relation to the safety and health of users

        Summary / Citation: A person who intends to manufacture the substances proven to cause occupational cancer and recognized as especially harmful to workers' health, etc. shall obtain in advance permission from the Minister of Employment and Labor.
        An employer who intends to manufacture chemicals other than those prescribed by the Enforcement Decree shall investigate the harmfulness and hazardousness of the new chemicals and submit the investigation report to the Minister of Employment and Labor in order to prevent workers' health problems which might be caused by the chemicals.

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 37(1), 38(1), 40)

        Related CEACR Comments
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
        Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014
        Chemicals Convention, 1990 (No. 170) Direct Request 2014

      • 9.2.3 Pesticides

        Summary / Citation: "(1) An employer of a workplace where a worker scatters, fumigates and injects raw material of an agricultural pesticide, etc shall take measures falling under the following items:
        1. Before starting to work, to train how to control an agricultural pesticide and safety measure to take
        2. To take actions against overflowing or flowing backward where he puts agricultural pesticide in controlling equipment
        3. To check whether there is any risk including chemical reaction where he mixes raw material of an agricultural pesticide
        4. To stop smoking or ingesting food where he handles raw material of an agricultural pesticide
        5. To keep a worker from blowing a nozzle with a mouth blow in order to pierce a nozzle of a controlling equipment
        6. To leave a vessel and equipment containing raw material of an agricultural pesticide closed
        7. To take measure to prevent a compression vessel containing raw material of an agricultural pesticide from explosion, etc. where he handles such vessel
        8. To keep harmful gas from leaking where raw material of an agricultural pesticide fumigates.

        (2) An employer shall minimize dust or mist occurrence of raw material of an agricultural pesticide where a worker mixes raw material of an agricultural pesticide, shall inform workers of use and mixing proportion of apparatus measurement vessel, funnel, mixing devices.

        (3) An employer, where he transfers raw material of an agricultural pesticide into another vessel, shall use the same vessel in which the same raw material of an agricultural pesticide was contained, use a vessel whose safety is confirmed, and a suitable warning sign shall be posted on a container."

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 670)

    • 9.3 Ergonomic hazards

      Summary / Citation: In dealing with ergonomic hazards, an employer shall investigate harmful factors and improve working environment by minimizing the harmful factors. An employer has a duty to take special measures related to raising heavy materials to relieve workers of immoderate burden caused by excessive weight applied to worker's musculoskeletal system such as neck and waist.

      • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 656 ~ 666)

    • 9.4 Physical hazards

      Sometimes.
      • 9.4.1 Ionising radiation

        Summary / Citation: An employer shall take necessary measures to prevent workers from catching health problems by installing confinement of radioactivity substance, placing blockage, or installing local ventilation equipment or alarm equipment. Necessary facilities, protective equipment and instructions to confine, handle and label radioactive substances are carefully stipulated in the Ordinance of OSH Standards.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 573 ~ 591)

        Related CEACR Comments
        Radiation Protection Convention, 1960 (No. 115) Observation 2013
        Radiation Protection Convention, 1960 (No. 115) Direct Request 2015

      • 9.4.2 Vibration and noise

        Summary / Citation: An employer has the duty to prevent damages arising from strong vibration and noise on workers by informing risks, ensuring the distribution and usage of personal protective equipment.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 512 ~ 521)

      • 9.4.3 Working at height

        Summary / Citation: An employer shall install work plate in the way of scaffolding assembly, etc .if it is deemed to cause hazard to workers when the worker works at a certain height that has the risk of fall accident or tripping.
        In cases where it is deemed difficult to install a work plate, safety net shall be installed: pProvided that if it is deemed difficult to install safety net, an employer shall take necessary measures to prevent hazard of fall accident by allowing workers to put on safety harness.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 42 ~ 53)

      • 9.4.4 Working in confined spaces

        Summary / Citation: Workers working in confined spaces are exposed to danger of fire and explosion due to lack of oxygen and harmful gas. Therefore, the OSH Standards stipulate guidelines for working at confined spaces and managing places where harmful gas occurs.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 619 ~ 645)

      • 9.4.5 Risks arising from poor maintenance of workplace facilities

        Summary / Citation: An employer shall measure and assess the office air if deemed necessary for the prevention of worker's health problems, and shall take necessary measures such as installing, remodelling or repairing air purification equipment in accordance with its result. An employer, where it is deemed possible that vehicle exhaust and other contaminants blow in from outside, shall take appropriate measures such as rearrangement of vent, window and gate.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 646 ~ 655)

      • 9.4.6 Exposure to extreme temperatures

        Summary / Citation: An employer shall take necessary measures to prevent workers’ health problems caused by exposure to extreme, high or/and low, temperatures. Such measures include provision of personal protective equipment, necessary sanitary and rest facilities as well as clean beverages.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 558 ~ 572)

      • 9.4.7 Fire risks

        Summary / Citation: In order to prevent fire, explosion and leak of hazardous substances, an employer has the duty to meet the safety and health standards on handling hazardous substances, fire management, hazard prevention concerning hot melt material, chemical equipment and pressure vessel, drying machinery, acetylene welding equipment and gas aggregation welding equipment.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 225 ~ 300)

      • 9.4.8 Tobacco

        Summary / Citation: (1) Workers shall be prohibited from doing smoking or food intake, etc at an inside workplace where an employer has workers engaged in handling harmful substances requiring management, with its sign posted at a place where it is easily noticeable.
        (2) Workers shall be prohibited from doing smoking or food intake, etc at a place where smoking or food intake pursuant to paragraph (1) is prohibited.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 447)

      • 9.4.9 Asbestos

        Summary / Citation: An employer shall follow the guidelines on instructions for work related to asbestos manufacturing, usage, disposal, removal and its maintenance and management to prevent hazards arising from exposure to asbestos.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 452 ~ 497-3)

        • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 38-2,3,4,5)

        Related CEACR Comments
        Asbestos Convention, 1986 (No. 162) Direct Request 2014

      • 9.4.10 Risks related to nanotechnology

        No data available.
      • 9.4.11 Contraction of HIV in the workplace

        Summary / Citation: Matters related to contraction of HIV in the workplace is covered and regulated within the scope of "blood-borne communicable disease" along with hepatitis B and hepatitis C, syphilis.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 592 ~ 604)

    • 9.5 Psychosocial hazards

      Sometimes.
      • 9.5.1 Psychosocial risks

        Summary / Citation: An employer, where a worker is engaged in a work requiring a high level of physical fatigue and psychological stress(Hereinafter "job stress") such as working for a long time, shiftwork including night duty, vehicles operation [limited to full-time job] and precision machine control work, has a duty to take measures to prevent health problems.

        • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 669)

      • 9.5.2 Occupational violence

        Summary / Citation: Employer, superior or worker are prohibited from engaging in sexual harassment at work. Preventive measures shall be taken by the employers and workers including conducting and receiving sexual harassment prevention education. In addition, “if a person closely related to the duties, such as a client, etc., causes a worker to feel sexually humiliated or offended by sexual words, actions, etc., during the performance of duties, and such worker requests resolution of the grievances thereby, the employer shall make efforts to take all possible measures, such as the change of the place of work, relocation, etc.”

        • Act on Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Reconciliation (Act No. 3989). (Art. 12 ~ 14-2)

    • 9.6 Other hazardous substances

      Summary / Citation: The OSH Standards also recognize dust as one of the hazardous substances at workplace and set out regulations for safe usage as well as preventive measures against health problems caused by dust.

      In addition, the Act on the Prevention of Pneumoconiosis and Protection, etc., of Pneumoconiosis Workers Amendment is specifically governing risks arising from any business operating dusty work. “The purpose of this Act is to contribute to the protection of workers' health and the promotion of their welfare by enhancing the prevention of the pneumoconiosis and control over the health of workers engaged industy work, and by providing for matters concerning the payment of consolation benefits to workers who has contracted pneumoconiosis and the bereaved families”. This Act stipulates principles and requirements for prevention of pneumoconiosis, management of health at business operating dusty work as well as protective projects for pneumoconiosis workers.

      • Ordinance of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Art. 605 ~ 617)

      • Act on the Prevention of Pneumoconiosis and Protection, etc., of Pneumoconiosis Workers Amendment [Enforcement Date 05. Jul, 2010.] [Act No.10339, 04. Jun, 2010].

    • 9.7 Machineries

    • 9.8 Provisions to protect workers in specific condition of vulnerability

      • 9.8.1 Protection of pregnancy at work

        Summary / Citation: An employer shall not employ women in pregnancy or women for whom one year has not passed after childbirth (hereinafter referred to as the "pregnant women and nursing mothers") and those under the age of 18 in any work detrimental to morality or health or any dangerous work.

        An employer shall not employ women of 18 years or over who are not pregnant women and nursing mothers in any work harmful and dangerous to the function of pregnancy or delivery from among those detrimental or dangerous to health.

        An employer shall not have pregnant women and nursing mothers and those under 18 years old work during the time from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. and on holidays

        Restrictions / obligations: Where a woman in pregnancy makes a clear request and where the approval of the Minister of Employment and Labor is obtained, the pregnant woman could work during the time from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. and on holidays.

        • Labor Standards Act (Law No. 5309). (Art. 65, 70 (2))

      • 9.8.2 Protection of lactating women at work

        Summary / Citation: "No employer shall employ a woman (…) with less than one year after childbirth (…) for hazardous and dangerous work in terms of morality or health."

        "An employer shall be forbidden to have any women for whom one year has not passed after childbirth do overtime work exceeding two hours per day, six hours per week, or 150 hours per year, even if provided for in a collective agreement thereon."

        "An employer shall grant thirty-minute or longer paid nursing time twice a day to those female workers who have infants under the age of one, upon request."

        • Labor Standards Act (Law No. 5309). (Art. 65 (1), 71, 75)

      • 9.8.3 Limits to women’s access to specific occupations, undertakings or shifts

        Summary / Citation: "No employer shall employ a female in pregnancy or with less than one year after childbirth (…) for hazardous and dangerous work in terms of morality or health."
        "No employer shall employ a female aged 18 or older who is not pregnant for work that is hazardous and dangerous to their pregnancy or childbith."

        • Labor Standards Act (Law No. 5309). (Art. 65 (1), 65 (2))

      • 9.8.4 Limits to workers’ access to specific occupations, undertakings or shifts by reason of age

        Summary / Citation: "No employer shall employ (...) those aged less than 18 for hazardous and dangerous work in terms of morality or health."

        "Work hours of a person at the age of not less than 15 and less than 18 shall not exceed seven hours per day and 40 hours per week: Provided, That the work hours may be extended only for one more hour per day and six more hours per week by an agreement between the parties concerned."

        "An employer shall not have pregnant women and nursing mothers and those under 18 years old work during the time from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. and on holidays: Provided, That this shall not apply to any of the following cases where approval of the Minister of Employment and Labor is obtained:...Where there exists a consent of those under 18 years old..."

        "An employer shall not have a woman or a minor under the age of 18 do any work inside a pit: Provided, That this shall not apply where it is temporarily required for carrying out the affairs as prescribed by Presidential Decree, such as health and medical treatment, the gathering and report of news, etc."

        • Labor Standards Act (Law No. 5309). (Art. 65 (1), 69, 70 (2), 72 )

        Related CEACR Comments
        Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Direct Request 2018

  • 10 Recording, notification and investigation of accidents/incidents and diseases

    • 10.1 Duty to record and/or investigate the causes of work accidents, near misses incidents and cases of occupational diseases

    • 10.2 Employers’ duty to notify OSH authorities of work related death and/or injuries to health

      Summary / Citation: With regard to the industrial accidents prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor, an employer shall report their background, causes, date of report, plans to prevent a recurrence, etc., to the Minster of Employment and Labor.

      "(1) In the event of an industrial accident resulting in any deaths or any person sustaining any injury or contracting any disease that requires medical care for four days or more, the employer shall prepare an industrial accident investigation sheet in the form as set forth in Table 1 and submit such table to the head of the competent regional or district employment and labor office (hereinafter referred to as the “head of the local labor authority”) in accordance with Article 10 (2) of the Act within one month of the occurrence of the applicable industrial accident, except where an application for medical care benefits under Article 41 of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act or survivors’benefits under Article 62 of the same Act has been filed with the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation within one month of the occurrence of such industrial accident.

      (2) If the employer becomes aware of the occurrence of any accident as set forth in subparagraphs 1 through 3 of Article 2 (1) (hereinafter referred to as a“serious accident”), the employer shall promptly notify the head of the competent local labor authority of matters as set forth in the following subparagraphs by telephone or facsimile or using any other appropriate means in accordance with Article 10 (2) of the Act; provided, however, that in the event of an act of God or any other unavoidable circumstance, the notification shall promptly be provided when the such circumstance ceases to exist:
      1. an overview of the occurrence and damage assessment;
      2. measures and a projected outcome; and
      3. any other important matters.

      (3) The employer shall have the industrial accident investigation sheet acknowledged by the representative of workers and attach to the sheet any disagreements, if any, of the representative on statements therein; provided, however, that the acknowledgement by the representative of workers may be omitted in the case of construction industry.

      (4) The Minister of Employment and Labor shall prescribe matters necessary for the reporting of industrial accidents under the provisions of paragraphs (1) through (3).
      (5) Upon receipt of any applications for medical care benefits under the proviso of paragraph (1), the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation shall comply with the request, if any, of the head of the local labor authority or the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (hereinafter referred to as the“Agency”) for copies of the applications, computer data entries related to medical care activities, and/or any other materials required to conduct industrial accident prevention activities."

      Restrictions / obligations: This shall not apply if medical care benefits, survivors' benefits or pensions for surviving family members of pneumoconiosis workers have been applied for.

      • Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor of the Occupational Safety and Health (Art. 4)

      • Occupational Safety and Health Act (Art. 10 (2))

      Related CEACR Comments
      Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81) Observation 2019
      Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81) Direct Request 2019
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Observation 2010
      Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) Direct Request 2014

  • 11 OSH inspection and enforcement of OSH legislation

References

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