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Phthalates - 90 entries found

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2011

CIS 12-0225 Gaudin R., Marsan P., Ndaw S., Robert A., Ducos P.
Biological monitoring of exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in six French factories: A field study
The aim of this study was to assess workers' exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the flexible-PVC industry in France by means of biological monitoring. Over five days of pre-and post-shift sampling, three urinary metabolites of DEHP, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono (5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate (5cx-MEPP) and 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) were quantified in 62 workers and 29 controls from six factories. Analyses were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry after on-line extraction. There is clear evidence of occupational exposure of workers in these factories. Values of 250 and 500 ¿g/l (100 and 280 ¿/g creatinine) for MEHP and 5cx-MEPP, respectively, are proposed as guidance values which should prevent high exposures in the flexible-PVC industry, particularly in factories where DEHP compounds or plastisols are employed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, June 2011, Vol.84, No.5, p.523-531. Illus. 54 ref.
Biological_monitoring_of_exposure_[INTERNET_FREE_ACCESS] [in English]

2008

CIS 09-161 Kwapniewski R., Kozaczka S., Hauser R., Silva M.J., Calafat A.M., Duty S.M.
Occupational exposure to dibutyl phthalate among manicurists
The objective of this study was to measure manicurists' exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) contained in nail polish at work and to determine whether workplace characteristics influence this exposure. DBP has been found to be a reproductive and developmental toxicant in rats. Pre-shift and post-shift urine samples were collected from 40 manicurists. There was a statistically significant cross-shift increase of the urinary concentration of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MNBP), the major metabolite of DBP. Use of gloves reduced MNBP concentrations by 15.1ng/mL below the pre-shift concentration compared with a 20.5ng/mL increase if gloves were not worn.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2008, Vol.50, No.6, p.705-711. 46 ref.

2007

CIS 08-381 Protois J.C., Blachère V., Morèle Y.
Evaluation of occupational exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
Evaluation de l'exposition professionnelle au phtalate de di-(éthyl-2 hexyle) (DEHP) [in French]
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is mainly used as a plasticizer in the polyvinyl chloride industry. This article reviews the findings of various studies on the exposure to DEHP, together with the results of the analysis of personal and environmental air samples collected during visits to twelve French plastics processing enterprises. In general, exposures to DEHP were found to be low. Because certain forms of processing generate DEHP-rich dusts or fumes, it is advisable to equip these installations with local exhaust ventilation or more simply to accelerate the switch less-toxic phthalates or other classes of plasticizers which is already well underway in areas such as textile fabric coating.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, Mar. 2007, No.206, p.51-58. 13 ref.
http://www.hst.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/ND%202266/$File/ND2266.pdf [in French]

2006

CIS 07-643 Lichtenstein N., Jaschke M., Nies E., Möller A.
Basic principles for testing for the presence of harmful substances in hearing protectors
Grundlagen für die Prüfung von Gehörschützern auf ihren Gehalt an Gefahrstoffen [in German]
Hearing protectors marketed in Germany may be awarded a certificate by the statutory accident insurance carrier (Berufsgenossenschaft) to indicate that they contain low concentrations of harmful substances such as arsenic, antimony, lead, tin, tin-organic compounds and phthalates. Suitable analytical procedures for the identification of these substances were selected and standardized by round-robin tests. Concentration limits were derived from current knowledge of the availability of the substances and their dermal absorption. For example the concentrations of arsenic, antimony and lead in hearing protectors may not exceed 25 mg/kg. The certificate was introduced in response to a report on the harmful substances contained in hearing protectors that caused many noise-exposed workers not to use them.
Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung der Luft, Apr. 2006, Vol.66, No.4, p.135-141. Illus. 25 ref.

2005

CIS 06-1408 Hauser R., Calafat A.M.
Phthalates and human health
Phthalates are a group of man-made chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial applications. High molecular weight phthalates are primarily used as plasticizers in the manufacture of flexible vinyl and low molecular weight phthalates are used in personal-care products, as solvents and plasticizers for cellulose acetate, and in making lacquers, varnishes, and coatings. Animal and human studies indicate that potential human health effects include developmental anomalies, male and female reproductive health effects and respiratory health effects. Occupational studies on the health risks of phthalates are very limited.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2005, Vol.62, No.11, p.806-818. Illus. 120 ref.

CIS 06-663 Vermeulen R., Jönsson B.A.G., Lindh C,H., Kromhout H.
Biological monitoring of carbon disulphide and phthalate exposure in the contemporary rubber industry
Urinary levels of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxyl acid (TTCA), a metabolite of carbon disulfide (CS2), and phthalic acid (PA), a metabolite of phthalates, were studied across factories and departments in the rubber industry. Spot urine samples from 101 rubber workers employed in nine factories were collected on different days. Levels of both biomarkers increased significantly during the working week compared to Sunday. Levels of both biomarkers did not differ markedly between working days. Increases seemed to be restricted to specific factories and or departments, such as moulding and curing. Findings confirm that rubber workers are exposed to various levels of phthalates and CS2 depending on the specific conditions of the factories and departments. Biological monitoring appears to be a reliable means of evaluating exposures to these substances.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 2005, Vol.78, No.8, p.663-669. 22 ref.
http://www.springerlink.com/media/c5v8d0rqrq7yuhuq9evl/contributions/u/1/1/7/u1179348521147g6.pdf [in English]

CIS 06-254 Saillenfait A.M., Laudet-Hesbert A.
Phthalates (II)
Phtalates (II) [in French]
This article presents a summary of current knowledge on the toxic properties of the most commonly-used phthalic acid esters. Based on published information regarding their physical and chemical properties and their toxicology, phthalates can be classified into three broad classes. Those of low molecular weight (including methyl and ethyl phthalate) are used as solvents and in the cellulosic polymer industry; they are slightly more soluble in water than other phthalates. Phthalates with high molecular weights are practically only used as polyvinyl chloride plasticizers; they are insoluble in water and have very low vapour pressure. Phthalates whose molecular weight lies in between are characterized by having a far greater toxic potential, particularly with respect to reproduction and development.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 4th Quarter 2005, No.149, 10p. Illus. 134 ref.

CIS 05-254 Saillenfait A.M., Laudet-Hesbert A.
Phthalates
Phtalates [in French]
Phthalic esters or organic phthalates consist of a family of chemicals that are widely used, mainly as PVC plasticizers for numerous consumer and industrial products. Their volatility and water solubility are low. This information note covers the six phthalates whose use is currently the most important. Among rodents, the main observed toxic effects concern the liver, and include liver tumours in the case of diisononyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. However, it is generally accepted that in view of the mode of action of these substances these effects cannot be extrapolated to humans. The effects of certain phthalates that are the cause of most concern relate to reproductive and pre-birth developmental effects: di-n-butyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can affect the male reproductive system (both during development and among adults) and are embryotoxic and foetotoxic.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 1st Quarter 2005, No.146, 9p. 102 ref.

2003

CIS 03-1086 Sekizawa J., Dobson S., Touch R.J.
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Diethyl phthalate
Conclusions of this criteria document: a few cases of skin irritation and potential contact dermatitis to diethyl phthalate have been reported; dermal sensitization has been described but seems to be rare. Data from animal studies showed no carcinogenic effect after dermal exposure; no adverse immunological or neurological effects have been reported in general toxicity studies.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2003. iv, 36p. Illus. 154 ref.
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad52.pdf [in English]

2002

CIS 97-57 Diethyl phthalate
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May damage the nervous system.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996, 2002. 6p.
http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/rtkweb/0707.pdf [in English]

2001

CIS 03-65
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for di-n-butyl phthalate (Update)
This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of di-n-butyl phthalate is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Based on findings from animal studies, toxic effects in humans would not be expected at typical exposure levels, since effects in animals were seen only at very high doses. Main effects on animals are developmental and reproductive alterations. (Update of CIS 91-1265).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2001. xix, 185p. Illus. Approx. 610 ref.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp135.html [in English]

CIS 02-1397 Hervé-Bazin B., Laudet-Hesbert A., Mahieu C., Dornier G.
Phthalates
Les phtalates [in French]
Approximately 3m tons of phthalates are produced worldwide each year. They are mainly used as plasticizers for flexible PVC products such as coated textiles, waterproofing membranes, adhesives, lubricants, electrical cable sheathing, medical products (in particular tubes and pouches for dialysis, transfusion and infusion), toys and floor-covering. Studies carried out during the last ten years have highlighted antifertility and carcinogenic effects of certain phthalates on rodents. This information sheet summarizes the current state of knowledge with respect to risks to human health from phthalates. Contents: toxicology (low oral toxicity, non irritant, long-term animal studies showing risks of hepatic tumours and antifertility effects, low risk from inhalation due to the low vapour pressures); European regulations concerning classification and labelling; protective measures; threshold limit values; substitution by higher molecular-weight products.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2001. 4p. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 01-974 Dibutylphthalate
Ftalato dibutílico [in Spanish]
Chemical safety information sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Exposure limit: 5mg/m3 (OSHA). Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Toxicity: nausea, vertigo and watering of the eyes; photophobia (ingestion); irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract (inhalation of vapours).
Noticias de seguridad, Feb. 2001, Vol.63, No.2, 3p. Insert.

1999

CIS 04-264 Meek M.E.
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals ((IOMC)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Conclusions of this criteria document: available data in humans are inadequate to serve as a basis for the assessment of the effects of long-term exposure to butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP). The acute toxicity of BBP is relatively low, with oral LD50 values in rats being greater than 2g/kg body weight. Target organs following acute exposure include the haematological and central nervous systems. Available data are inadequate to assess the irritant and sensitizing effects of BBP. On the basis on animal studies, BBP can be considered possibly carcinogenic to humans. In several studies on rats and mice, BBP has induced reduced sperm counts and shown marked developmental effects, but only at dose levels that induce significant toxicity. A tolerable daily intake of 1300µg/kg body weight has been derived for BBP.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. iv, 41p. Illus. 181 ref.
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad17.pdf [in English]

CIS 00-1056 Cipolla C., Belisario A., Sassi C., Auletti G., Nobile M., Raffi G.B.
Occupational asthma due to dioctyl phthalate in a bottle capsule production worker
Asma occupazionale da dioctil-ftalato in una addetta alla produzione di tappi per bottiglia [in Italian]
A case of occupational asthma caused by dioctyl phthalate, an agent that does not commonly induce asthma, in a worker close to equipment for the preparation and baking of sealant-lined bottle capsule is described. Clinical history, environmental monitoring and pulmonary function tests (bronchodilatation with salbutamol, ventilatory capacity) data, and work interruptions were analysed. A good correlation between work and the worker's asthma was found. Lack of ventilation during conveyor belt and oven malfunction produced excessive exposure.
Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1999, Vol.90, No.3, p.513-518. Illus. 20 ref.

1998

CIS 98-822
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Diisobutylphthalate (DIBP)
Translation of a report finalized in German in February 1997. Topics: diisobutyl phthalate; criteria document; ecotoxicology; Germany; legislation; literature survey; toxic effects; toxicology; translation.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1998. xvi, 108p. 290 ref. Price: DEM 80.00.

1997

CIS 99-1292
Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for di-n-octylphthalate
Topics: dioctyl phthalate; criteria document; exposure evaluation; eye irritation; glossary; health hazards; literature survey; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology; USA.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 1997. 117p. Illus. Approx. 170 ref.

CIS 98-238
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Topics: criteria document; dibutyl phthalate; ILO; IPCS; literature survey; sensitization; toxic effects; toxicology; UNEP; WHO.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1997. 205p. 325 ref.

1996

CIS 97-1104 Dimethyl phthalate
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. May irritate the eyes and respiratory tract.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p.

CIS 97-734 Di-n-octyl phthalate
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May affect the liver.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p.

CIS 96-1791
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, chloromethane, o-nitroanisole, p-nitroanisole, m-/p-chloronitrobenzene, dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, dibutylphthalate, chlorotoluene, N-ethylaniline, dioxane
This report contains supplementary data to 11 earlier BUA Reports: di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BUA Report No. 4), chloromethane (BUA 7, see CIS 96-906), o-nitroanisole (1-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene) (BUA 9, CIS 94-636), p-nitroanisole (BUA 10, CIS 94-997), m-/p-chloronitrobenzene (BUA 11), dinitrotoluene (BUA 12), diphenylamine (BUA 15, CIS 95-572), dibutyl phthalate (BUA 22, CIS 94-998), chlorotoluene (BUA 38), N-ethylaniline (BUA 51) and dioxane (BUA 80). The supplements are translations of reports finalized between December 1992 and June 1993.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1996. 221p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 96.00.

1995

CIS 99-237 Toxicological profile for diethyl phthalate
Topics: diethyl phthalate; criteria document; determination in biological matter; exposure evaluation; glossary; health hazards; legislation; limitation of exposure; literature survey; sensitization; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology; USA.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, June 1995. xvii, 140p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 96-57 Dimethyl phthalate
Dimetilftalato (ftalato de dimetilo) [in Spanish]
Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: irritation of the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract.
Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1995, Vol.57, No.8. 3p. Insert.

1994

CIS 02-41 Clavel T., Falcy M., Hesbert A., Jargot D., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Phtalate de bis(2-éthylhexyle) [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 81-1932. Synonyms: di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; di-sec-octyl phthalate; DEHP, DOP. Acute toxicity: minor digestive disorders. Chronic toxicity: central, peripheral or autonomous neuropathy; haematological changes; carcinogen (excess lung cancer risk). Exposure limits (France): TWA = 5mg/m3. EEC number: No.204-211-0. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, 2000. 4p. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 01-993 Beausoleil C., Clavel T., Falcy M., Hesbert A., Jargot D., Protois J.C., Reynier M., Schneider O.
Dibutyl phthalate
Phtalate de dibutyle [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Synonyms: di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP. Acute toxicity: moderate irritation of the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract; conjunctivitis. Chronic toxicity: central neuropathy (narcosis), peripheral neuropathy (sensorimotor polyneuritis) or autonomous neuropathy; haematological effects; decrease of fertility in women and abnormal menstrual cycle. Exposure limit (France): TWA = 5mg/m3. EEC number : No.201-557-4. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201. Replaces the 1972 information sheet abstracted as CIS 72-2550.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, May 2000. 4p. 21 ref.

CIS 95-1037
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Diethyl phthalate
Studies indicate that diethyl phthalate does not cause any irritation or symptoms of intoxication on repeated contact with workers' skin, but it does cause a temporary irritation of mucous membranes; it is probably not sensitizing. Systemic effects in experimental animals are not very pronounced, the target organ being the liver; long-term studies of carcinogenicity are not available.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1994. xviii, 131p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 72.00.

1993

CIS 96-2220
Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: Update
Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: possible carcinogenic effects. However, data are insufficiently available on the harmful health effects of this substance.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Apr. 1993. 151p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 96-1571 Diisooctyl phthalate
International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term and long-term exposure effects: available data are insufficient.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-1048
Department of Social Affairs and Employment, Directorate-General of Labour (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid)
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limits for several phthalate esters
This publication presents an evaluation of the health hazards of exposure to various phthalate esters (a list of all phthalate esters studied is included in Appendix I). Attention is given to: identity, physical and chemical properties, monitoring; sources of exposure; environmental levels and human exposure; guidelines and standards (concerning the general population and the occupational population); toxicokinetics; toxic effects in animal experiments and observations of adverse effects in humans; previous evaluation by national and international bodies; evaluation of human health risks; recommendations for research. Based on the data available, a health-based occupational exposure limit of 5mg/m3 (as respirable dust) and of 10mg/m3 (as total dust) is recommended for all phthalate esters. A skin notation is not considered necessary. Summary in Dutch.
SDU Uitgeverij Plantijnstraat, Afdeling Verkoop Publikaties Arbeidsinspectie, Postbus 20014, 2500 EA Den Haag, Netherlands, 1993. ix, 167p. Illus. approx. 320 ref.

CIS 95-824 Dicyclohexyl phthalate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1682 Canadian Environmental Protection Act: Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Di-n-octyl phthalate
This report reviews the literature on the toxicology and ecotoxicology of dioctyl phthalate. Data on effects in humans are limited to a small number of poorly documented studies of small groups of workers exposed to other phthalates and unspecified isomers of dioctyl phthalate. The substance has been classified as having inadequate data for evaluation.
Environmental Health Centre, Health and Welfare Canada, Room 104, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada, 1993. v, 21p. 75 ref.

CIS 94-998
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Dibutyl phthalate
Little information is available concerning the effects of dibutyl phthalate in humans. Animal experiments indicate that the substance has no acute toxicity and its subacute toxicity is low. No irritant or sensitizing effects have been observed. The main adverse effects observed in animals are enlarged livers and impairment of fertility and embryo development; it is suspected of causing cancer of the liver.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xiv, 71p. 170 ref. Price: DEM 48.00.

CIS 93-1807 Diallyl phthalate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes and skin; pulmonary oedema; chemical pneumonitis. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver (necrosis). Occupational exposure limit: PDK: 1mg/m3 (USSR 1988).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

1992

CIS 94-75 Dibutyl phthalate
Phtalate de dibutyle [in French]
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: teratogenic and reproductive effects observed in animals.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 2p.

CIS 92-1263
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Diethylhexyl phthalate
Only very limited information is available on the effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on humans. Mild gastric disturbances were reported in two subjects given 5 or 10g of the substance. There have been a few studies on workers exposed to phthalate mixtures, but no consistent health effects that could be directly related to DEHP have been reported. There is not sufficient evidence to suggest that DEHP is a potential human carcinogen. Detailed summaries in French and Spanish.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1992. 141p. ca. 320 ref. Price: CHF 18.00 (developing countries: CHF 12.60).

1991

CIS 01-1321 Dimethyl phthalate
Ftalato de dimetilo [in Spanish]
Phtalate de diméthyle [in French]
French and Spanish versions of the International Chemical Safety Card already abstracted as CIS 92-1480. Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Acute symptoms: redness of the eyes; burning sensation; nausea; vomiting; unconsciousness. Threshold limit value: 5mg/m3 (ACGIH 1998).
On the Internet site http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/produ cts/icsc/index.htm ; Spanish version also from: Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 98-1137 Diethyl phthalate
Ftalato de dietilo [in Spanish]
Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0258 (CIS 92-1477). International Chemical Safety Card. Topics: antifertility effects; diethyl phthalate; chemical hazards; data sheet; elimination of spills; environmental pollution; fire fighting; fire hazards; first aid; health hazards; IPCS; irritation; skin absorption; Spain; storage; threshold limit values; translation; waste disposal.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 98-1136 Dibutyl phthalate
Ftalato de dibutilo [in Spanish]
Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0036 (CIS 91-40). International Chemical Safety Card. Topics: dibutyl phthalate; chemical hazards; data sheet; elimination of spills; environmental pollution; fire fighting; fire hazards; first aid; health hazards; IPCS; labelling; Spain; threshold limit values; translation; waste disposal.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 98-1135 Bis(ethylhexyl) phthalate
Ftalato de bis(2-etilhexilo) [in Spanish]
Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 0271 (CIS 92-1793). International Chemical Safety Card. Topics: bis(ethylhexyl) phthalate; chemical hazards; data sheet; dermatitis; elimination of spills; fire fighting; fire hazards; first aid; gastrointestinal diseases; health hazards; IPCS; irritation; Spain; storage; threshold limit values; translation; waste disposal.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 96-2025 Diisodecyl phthalate
Ftalato de diisodecilo [in Spanish]
Spanish version of future IPCS ICSC 0875. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and skin. Long-term exposure effects: hepatic damage.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 96-2024 Dicyclohexyl phthalate
Ftalato de diciclohexilo [in Spanish]
Spanish version of IPCS ICSC 8-0651. International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1793 Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; effects on gastrointestinal tract. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1481 Dimethyl terephthalate (solid)
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1480 Dimethyl phthalate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Long-term exposure effects: may impair male and female fertility; may cause birth defects in humans.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1477 Diethyl phthalate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and skin; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

1990

CIS 91-1170 Beving H.F.G., Petrén S., Vesterberg O.
Increased isotransferrin ratio and reduced erythrocyte and platelet volumes in blood from thermoplastic industry workers
Ten women (aged 31-61 years) and five men (aged 20-59 years) occupationally exposed to welding fumes of polyacetate containing diethylphthalate in a thermoplastic industry were studied. They had been employed 1-33 years (median: 11 years). Seven women (aged 35-55) and eight men (aged 26-73) acted as unexposed controls. The exposed persons showed increased isotransferrin ratio in blood serum and reduced volumes of erythrocytes and platelets in blood.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1990, Vol.34, No.4, p.391-397. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 91-1265
Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for di-n-butyl phthalate
Toxic effects caused by di-n-butyl phthalate exposure have not been well characterised in humans. Glossary. Based on findings from animal studies, toxic effects in humans would not be expected at typical exposure levels, since effects in animals were seen only at very high doses. Limited evidence suggests that high level exposure may cause neurological symptoms such as dizziness, pain and numbness in humans. Glossary.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Dec. 1990. vii, 103p. Illus. ca. 270 ref.

CIS 91-40 Dibutyl phthalate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: teratogenic and reproductive effects observed in animals.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1990. 2p.

CIS 90-1424 Commission decision of 25 July 1990 on the classification and labelling of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in accordance with Article 23 of Council Directive 67/548/EEC [CEC]
Décision de la Commission, du 25 juillet 1990, concernant la classification et l'étiquetage du di(2-éthylhexyl)phtalate conformément à l'article 23 de la directive 67/548/CEE du Conseil [CCE] [in French]
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate shall not be classified or labelled as a carcinogenic or an irritant substance.
Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, 17 Aug. 1990, Vol.33, No.L.222, p.49.

1989

CIS 90-2005 Garberg P., Högberg J., Lundberg I., Lundberg P.
NIOH and NIOSH basis for an occupational health standard: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)
Literature survey on di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), to be used as background information for discussions on occupational exposure limits in the USA and Sweden. Data on occupational exposure levels and effects on humans are limited. DEHP is hydrolysed to the monoethylhexyl product and further oxidised. No accumulation has been observed. DEHP has a low acute toxicity. Long-term exposure to rats causes testicular atrophy. DEHP is carcinogenic and teratogenic in rodents. Most genotoxicity tests have been negative. However, certain tests have indicated that DEHP may affect the genome in vitro.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1989. Also available from: Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402, USA. 53p. 131 ref.

1988

CIS 91-1199 Pirumov A.I., Mettus A.A., Leont'ev V.P., Graždanov V.A., Pavlova N.A.
Experience in the removal of plasticiser aerosol from exhaust air
Opyt očistki aspiracionnogo vozduha ot aėrozolej plastifikatorov [in Russian]
This article describes a long-term test of installations, designed for the electrical cleaning of air exhausted from artificial leather manufacturing machines, the agent removed being dioctyl phthalate plasticiser. With a specific air load through the filter inlet section of 3,000-4,000m3/(h x m2) and a phthalate concentration in the exhaust air of up to 25mg/m3, plasticiser aerosol collection efficiency was 80-88%; the installation's aerodynamic drag was 30-50Pa and persisted as such for the duration of the 3-year operation period; the power consumption off mains required for phthalate aerosol removal was 135-235W per 10,000m3/h of purified air; the electrical filters were safe against the risk of a spark-induced ignition of the precipitated flammable liquids. Result of testing a 2-stage glass-fibre filter containing 20 cylinder-form filter elements are given in tabulated form.
Vodosnabženie i sanitarnaja tehnika, Dec. 1988, No.12, p.15-17. Illus. 7 ref.

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