Phenols and phenolic compounds - 225 entries found

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2007

CIS 08-758
Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA)
Supplementary reports XI (Nos. 2,11a,11b,13,83,85)
Ergänzungsberichte XI [in German]
This document includes translations of supplementary reports, finalized between October 1985 and February 1992, relating to six substances (o-chlorobenzene, m-chlorobenzene, p-chlorobenzene, nonylphenol, carbon disulfide and chloranil) evaluated in earlier BUA reports. The new data relate mainly to ecotoxicological aspects and the results of animal studies carried out following recommendations in the original reports. Toxic effects in humans are reported.
S. Hirzel Verlag, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany, 2007. 286p. (German); 240p. (English). Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 63.00.

2006

CIS 08-1009
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for phenol - Draft for public comment (Update)
This profile draft was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of phenol is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; relevance to public health; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and guidelines; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; pneumotoxic effects, including hyperaemia, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis; arrythmia; haematological effects; hepatic effects; renal effects; neurological effects. The substance is not classifiable with regard to its carcinogenicity to humans (IARC Group 3). (Update of CIS 00-50).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2006. xx, 240p. Illus. Approx. 450 ref. Index.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp115.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-396 Rømyhr O., Nyfors A., Leira H.L., Smedbold H.T.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by epoxy resin systems in industrial painters
A group of 2236 industrial painters employed in six companies of the Norwegian oil industry was followed between 1997 and 2001 to assess the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by exposure to epoxy resin systems. Commercially-available patch test series were supplemented with a series based on known or suspected sensitizers present at the workplaces. Of 57 patch-tested workers, 23 with ACD caused by epoxy resin systems were found, indicating an incidence rate of 4.5/1000 person years. Positive patch tests to 2,4,6-tris-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (tris-DMP) and m-xylene-α,α'-diamine (XAD) were seen in seven and eight workers, respectively, indicating that both chemicals are important sensitizers in industrial painters. They are, however, not classified as skin sensitizers according to the European regulations on the classification and labelling of dangerous chemicals.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 2006, Vol.55, No.3, p.167-172. 22 ref.

2005

CIS 06-258 Howe P.D., Dobson S., Malcom H.M.
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
2,4,6-Tribromophenol and other simple brominated phenols
This criteria document evaluates the health and environmental effects of 2,4,6-tribromophenol and other simple brominated phenols. Main conclusions: no studies have been identified on the effects of brominated phenols on human health; animal studies indicate that 2,4,6-tribromophenol is non-irritating to the skin but moderately irritating to the eyes. Insufficient data are available for setting tolerable concentration levels. Detailed summaries in French and Spanish.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2005. iv, 47p. 186 ref.

2004

CIS 05-374 Zapór L.
Toxicity of some phenolic derivatives - In vitro studies
The cytotoxicity of five phenolic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone and phloroglucinol) was tested using a mouse 3T3 fibroblast cell line. Linear regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to characterize the relationship between cytotoxicity expressed as IC₅₀ and physicochemical parameters of compounds or their toxicity in vivo expressed as LD₅₀. The studies showed that the physicochemical properties of the compounds seemed to have less influence on their cytotoxic potency than did their structural properties. The cytotoxicity of the compounds probably depends on the number of hydroxyl groups and their location in the aromatic ring more than on physicochemical properties of compounds. The best correlation was obtained for IC₅₀ values and LD₅₀ values determined following rabbit skin administration and experimental skin irritation score.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2004, Vol.10, No.4, p.319-331. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 04-254
Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA)
Pentachlorophenol (No. 3). 3-Trifluoromethylaniline (No. 44). Chlorotoluidines (No. 55). 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (No. 74). Chlorinated paraffins (No. 93). 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol (No. 134). Dimethyldicykan (No. 143). Isodecanol (No. 149). Propargyl Alcohol (No 213)
This document comprises supplementary reports, finalized between December 1999 and June 2002, relating to nine substances evaluated in earlier BUA reports: pentachlorophenol (CIS 94-995), 3-trifluoromethylaniline (CIS 92-565), chlorotoluidines, benzothiazolethiol (CIS 97-1265), chlorinated paraffins (CIS 96-286), 4-chloro-o-cresol (CIS 95-2188), 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane, isodecyl alcohol (CIS 97-1269) and propargyl alcohol (CIS 02-572). The new data relate mainly to the results of ecotoxicity and animal studies carried out following recommendations made in the original reports. No new effects on humans are reported. Protective measures are recommended when handling some of these substances.
S. Hirzel Verlag, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany, 2004. 152p. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 54.50.

2003

CIS 05-527 Jakubowski M.
Phenol
Fenol [in Polish]
Phenol is used primarily as a feedstock for phenolic resins, caprolactam, xylenols and aniline. The substance is readily absorbed by all routes of exposure. The retention of phenol vapours in the lungs is about 60-80%. The rate of penetration through the skin ranges from 0.08 to 0.3mg/cm²/h. The half-time of excretion of phenol in urine after inhalation exposure is 3.5h. Solutions of phenol are corrosive to the skin and eyes; phenol vapours can irritate the respiratory tract. An RD₅₀ of 624mg/m³ has been reported in mice. Evidence for the carcinogenicity of phenol in laboratory animals was considered by the IARC to be insufficient. Time-weighted average occupational exposure limits vary in different countries between 4 and 19mg/m³. Based on the NOAEL value obtained from an inhalation study in rats, a time-weighted average value of 7.8mg/m³ was proposed. No short-term exposure limit value has been proposed.
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy, 2003, Vol.35, No.1, p.87-113. Illus. 78 ref.

2002

CIS 03-811 Screening information data set - SIDS - for high production volume chemicals - Volume 7, Parts 1, 2 and 3
Ecotoxicological and toxicological (acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, effects on reproduction, genetic effects) data for the risk assessment of: acetic anhydride; D & C Red No. 9; benzyl chloride; 2-butoxyethanol; 4-chloro-o-cresol; 2,6-dichlorotoluene; dicyclopentadiene; cresyl diphenyl phosphate; pentaerythritol; hydroquinone; melamine; 3-methyl butynol; α-methyl styrene.
United Nations Environment Programme, Case postale 356, 1219 Châtelaine, Genève, Switzerland, June 2002. viii, 328p. Index (Part 1); viii, 322p. Index (Part 2); viii, 295p. Index (Part 3).
http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/oecdsids/indexcasnumb.htm [in English]

2001

CIS 03-68
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for pentachlorophenol (Update)
This profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the EPA. The key literature related to the toxic effects of pentachlorophenol is identified and reviewed. Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract; hepatic damage; possible thyroid effects; developmental effects (congenital cataract) and possible reproduction effects immunological effects; neurological effects; carcinogenic effect (Hodgkin's disease, soft tissue sarcoma and acute leukaemia); haematological effects; skin rashes. (Update of CIS 98-1385).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Sep. 2001. xix, 269p. Illus. Approx. 775 ref.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp51.html [in English]

2000

CIS 02-67 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol; 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,5-Trichlorophénol; 2,4,6-Trichlorophénol [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 84-408. Acute toxicity: irritation of the skin and conjunctival irritation in the case of eye splashes. Chronic toxicity: chloracne; disturbances of the hepatic functions; neuromuscular weakness; porphyria cutanea tardiva; psychological disorders; respiratory impairment; suspected carcinogenicity. Complete datasheet collection on CD-ROM analysed under CIS 01-201.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM CD 613, 2001. 4p. 22 ref.

CIS 01-518 Chemical advisory and notice of potential risk: Skin exposure to molten 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) can cause rapid death
2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is a chemical intermediate used to produce pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Based on information from recent worker fatality cases, skin exposure of relatively small amounts (1% of body surface) to molten 2,4-DCP can cause rapid death. This information sheet describes four cases of fatalities and gives advice on work practices to protect workers (increase risk awareness, safe procedures, selection of material for pipes and equipment, engineering process control, exposure guidelines, selection of proper protective equipment) and on emergency, first aid and decontamination procedures.
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Publications Office, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington D.C. 20210, USA, 2000. 13p. 12 ref.

CIS 01-177
Health and Safety Executive
Chemical hazard alert notice - Phenol
This guidance note provides information on the health effects of exposure to phenol. In view of the information now available, the HSC is studying the possible withdrawal of the current exposure limits from 2001. Phenol is used as a starting material for the production of a variety of chemicals, mostly for the production of phenolic resins. It is corrosive and can be absorbed by the skin; diluted preparation may cause chemical burns or skin irritation. It can be genotoxic. Exposure to phenol should be controlled by a combination of engineering, process and control measures (ventilation, personal protective equipment).
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2000. 3p.

1999

CIS 03-1072 3,5-Dichlorophenol
3,5-Dichlorophénol [in French]
3,5-Diclorofenol [in Spanish]
International Chemical Safety Card published in 1998. Exposure routes: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Short term exposure effects: strong irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; chloracne. Insufficient data is available on long-term effects of the substance, therefore utmost care must be taken. Threshold limit value not established. Synonym: 1-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzene.
Internet documents, 1998, 2p.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc04/icsc0440.pdf [in English]
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsnfrn/nfrn0440.html [in French]
hhttp://www.mtas.es/insht/ipcsnspn/nspn0440.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1071 2,5-Dichlorophenol
2,5-Dichlorophénol [in French]
2,5-Diclorofenol [in Spanish]
International Chemical Safety Card published in 1998. Exposure routes: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Short term exposure effects: strong irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; chloracne. Insufficient data are available on long-term effects of the substance, therefore utmost care must be taken. Threshold limit value not established. Synonym: 1-hydroxy-2,5-dichlorobenzene.
Internet documents, 1998, 2p.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc04/icsc0439.pdf [in English]
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsnfrn/nfrn0439.html [in French]
http://www.mtas.es/insht/ipcsnspn/nspn0439.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1053 m-Chlorophenol
m-Chlorophénol [in French]
International Chemical Safety Card (Spanish version already abstracted under CIS 96-468). Exposure routes: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Threshold limit value not established. Synonyms: 3-chlorophenol; 3-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene; 3-hydroxychlorobenzene.
Internet documents, 1999. 2p.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc01/icsc0150.pdf [in English]
http://www.cdc.gov/Niosh/ipcsnfrn/nfrn0150.html [in French]

CIS 00-1565
Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for chlorophenols (Update)
Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; references; glossary. Health hazards include: chloracne; porphyria; carcinogenic effects (soft tissue sarcoma, lung cancer, malignant lymphomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, nose and nasopharyngeal cancer).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, July 1999. xix, 222p. Illus. approx. 380 ref.

CIS 00-1396 Garabedian M.J., Hoppin J.A., Tolbert P.E., Herrick R.F., Brann E.A.
Occupational chlorophenol exposure and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Occupational exposure to chlorophenols is suspected to increase non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) risk. This association was examined using data from a population-based case-control study of men aged 32 to 60 years. Potential chlorophenol exposure was characterized by intensity estimates and confidence ratings based upon review of verbatim job histories. Cases with substantial chlorophenol exposure had a significantly greater number of years of chlorophenol exposure; however, in conditional logistic regression models, the odds ratio for more than 8 years of substantial exposure was 1.51. Overall, the findings do not provide strong support for an association with NHL risk. Chlorophenol exposure in this study is not based upon measured values and, therefore, may fail to characterize actual chlorophenol exposures accurately. These results are consistent with other findings, which suggest that chlorophenol exposure is not likely to be a strong risk factor for NHL.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1999, Vol.41, No.4, p.267-272. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 00-188 Mäkinen M., Kalliokoski P., Kangas J.
Assessment of total exposure to phenol-formaldehyde resin glue in plywood manufacturing
Respiratory and dermal exposure to phenol-formaldehyde resin-glue components used in plywood manufacturing were assessed by monitoring formaldehyde and phenol in the workplace air. Formaldehyde was measured both in the breathing zones of the workers and at stationary sampling sites. Phenol was used as a marker agent for dermal exposure. Formaldehyde was noted to be the major compound causing respiratory exposure. When exposure assessment was done on the basis of air samples collected both at stationary sampling sites and in the breathing zonesof the workers, the agreement between the results obtained was good. The dermal sampling revealed that the workers were exposed to phenol, but the risk for toxic effects was slight due to the low concentrations of urinary phenol. It is concluded that is possible to use a stationary sampling method for the assessment of respiratory exposure in a plywood factory. The importance of taking dermal exposure into account is also outlined.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Aug. 1999, Vol.72, No.5, p.309-314. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 99-1764 Commission Directive 1999/51/EC of 26 May 1999 adapting to technical progress... Annex I to Council Directive 76/769/EEC... relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (tin, PCP, cadmium) [European Communities]
Directive 1999/51/CE de la Commission du 26 mai 1999... adaptation... de l'annexe I de la Directive 76/769/CEE du Conseil... relative à... certaines substances et préparations dangereuses (étain, pentachlorophénol (PCP) et cadmium) [Communautés européennes] [in French]
For Council directive 76/769/EEC, see CIS 92-22. Topics: cadmium; tin; pentachlorophenol; directive; European Communities.
Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 5 June 1999, Vol.42, No.L 142, p.22-25.

1998

CIS 01-1752 Angerer J., Ball M., Bollmacher H., Buck M., Krämer A., Woppowa L.
Second interlaboratory test on the determination of pentachlorophenol and lindane in indoor air organized by KRdL of VDI and DIN
Zweiter Ringversuch der KRdL im VDI und DIN für die Bestimmung von Pentachlorphenol und Lindan in Luft [in German]
The toxicity of the organochlorine compounds pentachlorophenol (PCP) and µg-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) requires indoor air measurements in order to evaluate possible exposure levels. In 1997, the German Commission on Air Pollution Prevention (KRdL) organized the second interlaboratory test for the determination of pentachlorophenol and lindane in indoor air. 45 laboratories participated in the test using either the VDI-test schedule or their own method. The results indicate an improvement in the analysis consistency compared to the first test conducted in 1995, which may be attributed to a better training of the participants or an increase in the use of the standard operating procedure developed by the VDI.
Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung der Luft, Sep. 1998, Vol.58, No.9, p.333-336. 12 ref.

CIS 01-673 Disul-sodium
Disul-sodium [in French]
Disul-sodio [in Spanish]
International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; effects on the kidneys and the liver. TLV (TWA): 10mg/m³ A4 (ACGIH 1998); OSHA PEL (TWA): 15mg/m³ (total), 5mg/m³ (resp); NIOSH REL (TWA): 10mg/m³ (total), 5mg/m³ (resp); NIOSH IDLH: 500mg/m³.
Internet site: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/icstart.html, 1993-1998. Spanish version also from: Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain. 2p.

CIS 00-1079 Volkheimer B., Alsen-Hinrichs C., Wassermann O.
Toxicological evaluation of a relationship between the exposure to pentachlorophenol-containing wood preservatives in day-care centres and health problems among nursery staff
Toxikologische Bewertung eines Zusammenhanges zwischen der Exposition gegenüber Pentachlorphenol-haltigen Holzschutzmitteln in Kindertagesstätten und der Ausbildung von Gesundheitsstörungen bei den dort beschäftigten Kindergärtnerinnen und Hilfskräften [in German]
Wood preservatives containing pentachlorophenol and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane were widely applied in Germany in the 1970s inside buildings. The presence of the highly toxic polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans as undesirable side products has been known since 1957. In the years 1985 to 1986 the first reports about nursery staff having been exposed to wood preservatives appeared in Germany. Measurements in nursery schools yielded high concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin in indoor air. The relationship between exposure to wood preservatives and respiratory diseases, irritation of the skin, eyes and mucosa, tachycardia, headache, nausea and diseases of the blood-forming organs found in examinations of exposed nursery staff is discussed.
Institut für Toxikologie der Universität Kiel (ITUK), Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany, 1998. 201p. Approx. 220 ref.

CIS 00-50
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological profile for phenol: Update
Contents: public health statement; health effects; chemical and physical information; production, import, use and disposal; potential for human exposure; analytical methods; regulations and advisories; glossary. Health hazards include: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; pneumotoxic effects, including hyperaemia, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis; cardiac arrythmia; haematological effects; hepatic effects; renal effects; neurological effects.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Dec. 1998. xix, 205p. Illus. approx. 500 ref.

CIS 99-953
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Phenol
Topics: animal experiments; phenol; criteria document; ecotoxicology; eye irritation; Germany; irritants; legislation; literature survey; neurotoxic effects; skin absorption; toxicology; translation.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O.Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1998. xxvii, 414p. approx. 820 ref. Price: DEM 143.00.

CIS 99-203 Brooke R., Beck M.H.
Contact allergy to 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol
Topics: 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol; case study; eczema; epoxy resins; hardeners; sensitization dermatitis; skin tests.
Contact Dermatitis, May 1998, Vol.38, No.5, p.284-285. Illus. 5 ref.

1997

CIS 01-346 Phenol
Phénol [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 88-1815. Acute toxicity: neurotoxic effects and respiratory impairment induced by skin absorption; skin diseases. Chronic toxicity: digestive disorders; erythema or eczema; liver and kidney damage. Exposure limits (France): TWA = 5ppm (19mg/m³). EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.604-001-00-2; T, R24/25, R34, S28, S45, 203-632-7.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM, 2000. 4p. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 01-342 Pentachlorophenol and sodium salt
Pentachlorophénol et sel de sodium [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Update of data sheet already summarized in CIS 88-1813. Acute toxicity: irritation of the skin, eyes, nose and respiratory tract; liver, heart, kidney and spleen damage. Chronic toxicity: chloracne; haematological changes. Exposure limits (France): TWA = 0.5mg/m³. EEC number and mandatory labelling codes: No.604-002-00-8 (pentachlorophenol), No.604-003-00-3 (sodium pentachlorophenolate); T+, N, R24/25, R26, R36/37/38, R40, R50/53, S22, S36/37, S45, S52, S60, S61, 201-778-6.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Rev.ed., CD-ROM, 2000. 5p. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 98-1327 Kogevinas M., Becher H., Benn T., Bertazzi P.A., Boffetta P., Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B., Coggon D., Colin D., Flesch-Janys D., Fingerhut M., Green L., Kauppinen T., Littorin M., Lynge E., Mathews J.D., Neuberger M., Pearce N., Saracci R.
Cancer mortality in workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and dioxins: An expanded and updated international cohort study
Topics: cancer; tetrachlorodibenzodioxin; chlorophenols; cohort study; dioxins; exposure evaluation; herbicides; IARC; length of exposure; lymphoma; mortality; neoplasms; pesticide production; pesticide spraying; sarcomas.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 June, 1997, Vol.145, No.12, p.1061-1075. Illus. 54 ref.

CIS 98-43 Pentachlorophenol
Pentaclorofenol [in Spanish]
Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Topics: acne; bronchitis; data sheet; dermatitis; determination in air; elimination of spills; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; first aid; health hazards; irritation; limitation of exposure; medical supervision; metabolic disturbances; pentachlorophenol; personal protective equipment; respirators; skin absorption; USA; waste disposal.
Noticias de seguridad, Aug. 1997, Vol.59, No.8. 4p. Insert.

CIS 98-204 Sabouraud S., Testud F., Rogerie M.J., Descotes J., Evreux J.C.
Occupational depigmentation from dinoterbe
Topics: case study; dinoterb; France; leukoderma; skin diseases.
Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1997, Vol.36, No.4, p.227. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 97-1988 Hertzman C., et al.
Mortality and cancer incidence among sawmill workers exposed to chlorophenate wood preservatives
A cohort study was conducted of 26,487 workers employed for at least one year between 1950 and 1985 in 11 chlorophenate-using and 3 non-using sawmills in Canada. Exposure was assessed by reconstructing industrial histories for each mill. Probabilistic record linkage to Canadian mortality and cancer registries found 4710 deaths between 1950 and 1990, and 1547 incident cases of cancer between 1969 and 1989. None of the cancers of interest had elevated mortality related to chlorophenate exposure. However non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence (n = 65) increased with increasing chlorophenate exposure hours. The results support the case for careful handling of chlorophenate at work.
American Journal of Public Health, Jan. 1997, Vol.87, No.1, p.71-79. 39 ref.

CIS 97-1273
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol (p-Chloro-m-cresol)
This report is a translation of a report finalized in December 1993. Main conclusions: cases of acute poisoning have been reported following oral uptake of 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (chlorocresol) in humans; animal studies indicate that the substance is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, lung and skin, and is corrosive to the eyes; chlorocresol is non-sensitizing in humans; laboratory studies give no indication of a mutagenic effect.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1997. xx, 151p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 87.00.

1996

CIS 00-1391 Teschke K., Marion S.A., Ostry A., Hertzmann C., Herschler R., Dimich-Ward H., Kelly S.
Reliability of retrospective chlorophenol exposure estimates over five decades
Historical chlorophenate exposures were estimated by teams of sawmill workers. The mill histories were divided into eras when jobs and exposures were relatively stable. Raters with at least 5 years of work experience in an era were asked to estimate the frequency and duration of exposure for each job in the mill. Reliability measures for these estimates were calculated for each of the mills and time period combinations, using the individual intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_ind) to assess agreement between raters and the group intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_group). ICC_ind were low, but ICC_group were considerably higher, indicating that the number of raters used in this study was sufficient to produce stable average estimates of exposure throughout the study period. These data confirm the intuitive expectation that reliability of exposure estimates decreases when reconstruction of conditions in the distant past is required, and therefore that the random component of exposure misclassification is a greater threat to validity in these earlier time periods.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1996, Vol.30, No.5, p.616-622. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 98-779 Dimich-Ward H., Hertzman C., Teschke K., Hershler R., Marion S.A., Ostry A., Kelly S.
Reproductive effects of paternal exposure to chlorophenate wood preservatives in the sawmill industry
Topics: antifertility effects; Canada; chlorophenols; cohort study; dioxins; exposure evaluation; parental exposure; sawmilling industry; teratogenic effects; wood preservatives.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug. 1996, Vol.22, No.4, p.267-273. 31 ref.

CIS 98-21
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Testing consent order for phenol [USA]
This Order (entry into force 17.Jan. 1997) was made under the Control of Toxic Substances Act (CIS 89-23). Topics: chemical hazards; law; notification of dangerous substances; phenol; supply of information; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; USA.
Federal Register, 17 Jan. 1997, Vol.62, No.12, p.2607-2611.

CIS 97-1285
Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter Vaststelling van MAC-waarden)
Phenol: Health based recommended occupational exposure limit
In this report the Dutch Committee on Occupational Standards discusses the consequences of occupational exposure to phenol and recommends an occupational exposure limit. Main conclusions: phenol and phenol solutions are caustic to human skin; the substance is absorbed through the skin; incidents of acute toxicity following dermal exposure in humans resulted in chemical burns and effects on the central nervous system; acute phenol poisoning may lead to respiratory failure and death. Recommended occupational exposure limit (8h TWA): 8mg/m³ (2ppm); a skin notation is advised. Summary in Dutch.
Gezondheidsraad, Postbus 90517, 2509 LM Den Haag, Netherlands, 1996. 86p. 194 ref.

CIS 97-395 Pentachlorophenol
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a carcinogen and a teratogen and should be handled with extreme caution. Irritates and burns the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May damage the eyes, kidneys and liver. Exposure can cause poisoning with symptoms of headache, sweating, weakness, trouble in breathing, high fever and pain in the chest and abdomen. May cause an acne-like skin rash.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p.

CIS 97-567 Schecter A.J., Li L., Ke J., Fürst P., Fürst C., Päpke O.
Pesticide application and increased dioxin body burden in male and female agricultural workers in China
Following large-scale spraying of the pesticide sodium pentachlorophenol (Na-PCP) salt over agricultural and lake areas in China in the 1970s, dioxin levels were determined in sprayers or handlers of Na-PCP, and in persons living in sprayed and non-sprayed areas. Blood and breast-milk samples were collected and pooled for dioxin analysis, and samples of lake sediment were analyzed. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in human tissue were found to be low in China compared with more industrialized countries. However, environmental and human tissue samples from sprayed areas had PCDD/F levels and international dioxin toxic equivalent (I-TEQ) levels several times higher than those from non-sprayed areas.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1996, Vol.38, No.9, p.906-911. 10 ref.

CIS 97-207 Milton D.K., Walters M.D., Hammond K., Evans J.S.
Worker exposure to endotoxin, phenolic compounds and formaldehyde in a fiberglass insulation manufacturing plant
Worker exposures in a fibreglass wool insulation manufacturing plant were investigated using area and personal sampling. Both production and maintenance workers were exposed to endotoxin, phenolic compounds and formaldehyde. The greatest potential for exposure was restricted to specific areas of the plant. There was considerable within-area variation, and variability in personal exposures was high. Personal endotoxin exposures were frequently in excess of suggested thresholds for acute respiratory effects. The finding of highly variable exposure within individuals engaged in a continuous and routine manufacturing process has important implications for industrial hygiene practices and for occupational epidemiology.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1996, Vol.57, No.10, p.889-896. 35 ref.

1995

CIS 01-669 Dinonyl phenol (mixed isomers)
Dinonylphénol (mélange d'isomères) [in French]
Dinonilfenol (mezcla de isómeros) [in Spanish]
International Chemical Safety Card. Exposure routes: inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Short-term exposure effects: the substance is corrosive to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; inhalation of aerosol may cause lung oedema; effects may be delayed; medical observation is indicated. No TLV has been established.
Internet site: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/icstart.html, 1993-1995. Spanish version also from: Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain. 2p.

CIS 96-1267
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia)
Guidelines for health surveillance
These guidelines are intended for appointed medical practitioners when planning and implementing a programme of health surveillance within enterprises. Such programmes should be instituted when a workplace assessment of health risks, conducted according to the National Model Regulations for the Control of Workplace Hazardous Substances (NOHSC 1005: (1994), see CIS 95-274), has determined that workplace exposure represents a significant risk to health. Contents of the 18 booklets: 1 - Introduction (basic aspects of health surveillance, extracts from the Model Regulations and the National Code of Practice (NOHSC: 2007 (1994), see CIS 95-274 as well), list of substances subject to control, criteria for determining whether a substance should be scheduled as requiring health surveillance). 2 - sample respiratory questionnaires to be administered to workers. 3-18: Specific substances (for each substance: information on health surveillance at time of employment, during exposure to a process where the substance is present and at termination of employment; data sheet with information on substance in question). The substances are: acrylonitrile, inorganic arsenic, asbestos, benzene, cadmium, inorganic cadmium, creosote, isocyanates, inorganic mercury, MOCA, organophosphate pesticides, pentachlorophenol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, crystalline silica, thallium, vinyl chloride.
Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1995-1996. 18 booklets in a ring binder. Bibl.ref.
http://www.ascc.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/481CF3F5-8C4B-4BCC-AF65-3FDBA031D43B/0/HealthSurveillance.pdf [in English]

CIS 95-2188
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
4-Chloro-2-methylphenol
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in June 1993: no data are available on the effects of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (4-chloro-o-cresol) in humans. Animal studies indicate a pronounced irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xv, 74p. approx. 140 ref. Price: DEM 48.00.

CIS 95-1812 Simonsen L., Midtgård U., Lund S.P., Hass U.
Nordic Council of Ministers
Occupational neurotoxicity: Evaluation of neurotoxicity data for selected chemicals
Previously determined criteria for evaluating published data on the neurotoxicity of chemicals (see CIS 95-000) were applied to the literature on 79 common industrial chemicals. Data were too sparse to permit classification of 28. Of the rest, eight were classified as probably and 16 as possibly neurotoxic, and the following 27 as definitely neurotoxic: acrylamide, acrylonitrile, aluminium, arsenic, sodium azide, borax, boric acid, carbon monoxide, carbon disulfide, potassium cyanide, ethanol, ethylene oxide, hexachlorophene, manganese, mercury, methanol, methyl bromide, methyl butyl ketone (2-hexanone), methyl chloride, methyl methacrylate, n-hexane, nitrous oxide, styrene, thallium, toluene, trichloroethylene, triorthocresyl phosphate.
National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1995. 119p. Bibl.ref.

1994

CIS 07-1412
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Phenol - Health and safety guide
This document provides practical guidance on the application of exposure limitation guidelines contained in Environmental Health Criteria 161 (see CIS 98-1403). Contents: identity and uses of phenol; human health hazards; health surveillance and first aid; safety in storage and use; environmental hazards; summary of chemical safety information for use in the workplace; current regulations and guidelines. Phenol is corrosive to the skin and may be absorbed by the skin; it causes eye irritation or corrosion; inhalation causes inflammation and oedema in the respiratory system and central nervous system depression. Repeated exposure may cause dermatitis and liver and kidney damage.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1994. 31p. Illus. 9 ref.
http://www.inchem.org/documents/hsg/hsg/hsg88_e.htm [in English]

CIS 98-1403
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Phenol
Summaries in French and Spanish. Topics: caustic substances; criteria document; erythema; functional heart disorders; IPCS; irritants; literature survey; necrosis; odour threshold; phenol; renal damage; skin absorption; toxic effects; toxicology.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1994. 151p. Illus. Approx. 420 ref. Price: CHF 23.00 (CHF 16.10 in developing countries).

CIS 98-1385 Toxicological profile for pentachlorophenol: Update
Topics: antifertility effects; bronchitis; carcinogenic effects; cardiovascular disorders; pentachlorophenol; criteria document; determination in biological matter; exposure evaluation; genetic effects; glossary; haematological effects; health hazards; hepatic damage; immunotoxic effects; irritation; legislation; limitation of exposure; literature survey; neurotoxic effects; renal damage; skin absorption; skin eruption; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology; USA.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, May 1994. xvii, 200p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 95-1742 Pendergrass S.M.
An alternative method for the analysis of phenol and o-, m-, and p-cresol by capillary GC/FID
A method for the sampling and simultaneous analysis of phenol, o-, m-, and p-cresol using XAD-7 as a sorbent for the collection of each analyte is described. Desorption was achieved with methanol followed by analysis of all samples using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Separation of all analytes was achieved on a Stabilwax-DA capillary column. The method provides a number of improvements over currently available methods.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1994, Vol.55, No.11, p.1051-1054. 16 ref.

CIS 95-1404 Bieniek G.
Concentrations of phenol, o-cresol, and 2,5-xylenol in the urine of workers employed in the distillation of the phenolic fraction of tar
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1994, Vol.51, No.5, p.354-356. Illus. 15 ref. ###

CIS 95-1038
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
2,3-Dichlorophenol. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
No data are available on human exposure to 2,3-dichlorophenol (Report 110) and limited information is available from animal studies; it has a slight-to-moderate acute oral toxicity and is probably strongly irritating; no genotoxic effects have been observed. Trichlorophenol (Report 111) causes erythema and oedema at the site of application and chronic contact causes mild chemical burns; eye irritation and corneal damage have also been reported; animal studies indicate that the acute oral toxicity is slight and the substance is probably non-genotoxic.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1994. xi, 85p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 72.00.

CIS 95-1060
Health and Safety Executive, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit
Mortality study of workers employed at a factory manufacturing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol
A study was made of the mortality of 673 male workers employed at a factory manufacturing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) between 1965 and 1976. The study population included workers employed at the time of a runaway reaction which resulted in the release of 2,4,5-TCP contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). No overall excess of cancers was found. While there were indications of possible increased mortality from cancers of the stomach and lung, there was no clear evidence of causation. Tables show major causes of mortality for the total population and for workers employed before, during and after the time of the runaway reaction.
HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 26p. 12 ref.

CIS 95-632 Appel K.E.
On the carcinogenicity of pentachlorophenol
Zur kanzerogenen Wirkung von Pentachlorphenol [in German]
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been widely used in industry, agriculture, and in homes as a pesticide and herbicide. It finds its widest use in wood impregnation. Data on the carcinogenicity of PCP are reviewed. The substance is carcinogenic in B6C3F1-mice. In addition, there is evidence that some metabolites of PCP are genotoxic. Epidemiologic studies have not provided proof or disproof of a carcinogenic effect in humans. The present exposure limit of 1µg/m³ air recommended by the German Bureau of Health is on the safe side on the basis of present knowledge.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Aug. 1994, Vol.37, No.8, p.334-341. 61 ref.

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