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1977

CIS 77-1398 Patel K.C., Sheth S.M., Kamat S.R.
Arc welder's lung - A case report.
Report on a man employed for 18 years as a naval dockyard arc welder in whom lung fibrosis suggestive of arc welder's lung was diagnosed. Results of laboratory studies, lung function tests, radiography and lung biopsy are given. Development of the disease and the question of the fibrogenicity of iron oxide are discussed in the light of the relevant literature.
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 1977, Vol.23, No.1, p.35-38. Illus. 13 ref.

1976

CIS 77-1392 Poirier R., Feliciano J.M., Fondarai J., Kleisbauer J.P., Laval P.
Epidemiological study of chronic bronchitis in shipbuilding workers (choice of most discriminating lung function parameters)
Etude épidémiologique de la bronchite chronique chez les ouvriers de la construction navale (choix des paramètres fonctionnels respiratoires les plus discriminants). [en francés]
This epidemiological survey, carried out with the financial support of the Commission of the European Communities, covered 1,106 subjects (including controls), and showed that 7.8% of them suffered from chronic bronchitis. The rate varied according to age (4.1% at 35 years, up to 9.4% at 55 years) and smoking habits (1.2% in non-smokers; 13.6% in very heavy smokers). Study of lung ventilation parameters show that the different tests used (VC, FEV₁, FEV₁/VC, MMFR (maximum midexpiratory flow rate), RV (residual volume), RV/TC (residual volume/total pulmonary capacity), V 60% of TC, and AWR (airways resistance) have no specific value. In epidemiological studies it is sufficient to carry out the following measurements with a simple apparatus: VC, FEV₁, FEV₁/VC, MMFR.
Le poumon et le coeur, 1976, Vol.32, No.5, p.241-246. 26 ref.

CIS 77-876 Felton J.S.
Contemporary health education at a heavy industry navy worksite.
Details of a programme of personnel health education followed at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard, California, in line with Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1970, requirements. Presentations are made (1) jointly by the medical director and industrial hygienist to workers exposed to specific substances; (2) by a specialist to groups of supervisors when new elements of health care are introduced (e.g. new screening tests, psychological counselling); (3) individually with the worker, who is shown his record, has it explained to him, may ask for copies of any documents that interest him, etc. The importance of a personal approach is emphasised. These arrangements are complemented by weekly meetings of department heads, and monthly meetings of occupational safety and health personnel; a weekly periodical is also distributed to all employees. Discussion of the approach.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1976, Vol.18, No.10, p.681-684. 14 ref.

CIS 77-224 Dunoyer L.
Integrated personnel safety in work organisation in ship repair yards
La sécurité du personnel intégrée dans l'organisation technique des travaux de réparations navales. [en francés]
This article, written by the chief engineer of a large ship repair yard in France, describes the principal hazads of repair work on board ships, and the necessary preventive measures. The article then reviews the general principles on which such measures should be based, illustrating them with the following examples: work in tanks and pumping rooms of petroleum tankers; protection against asphyxiation and poisoning; work at heights; access to holds and tanks; temporary electric circuits.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd quarter 1976, No.84, Note No.1020-84-76, p.389-396. Illus.

CIS 77-189 Lumley K.P.S.
A proportional study of cancer registrations of dockyard workers.
Records of cancer registrations for 1960-1969 were compared for dockyard workers and a control group. There was a significant excess of pleural tumours in the dockyard group, but not of other tumours. The mean interval between first exposure to asbestos and registration of a pleural tumour was 37.6 years. The dockyard group also showed a trend of increasing annual excess of stomach and gastrointestinal cancers (possibly including some cases of peritoneal mesothelioma).
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1976, Vol.33, No.2, p.108-114. 25 ref.

CIS 76-1329 Tola S., Karskela V.
Occupational lead exposure in Finland - V. Shipyards and shipbreaking.
3 Finnish shipyards and 2 shipbreaking enterprises were studied for lead exposure. Blood lead (Pb-B) concentration was measured for 568 workers in the shipyards and 13 workers in the shipbreaking enterprises. Erythrocyte δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity was determined for 139 workers in one shipyard and 7 workers in one shipbreaking enterprise. Haemoglobin level was determined for 545 workers in the 3 shipyards and 7 workers in one shipbreaking enterprise. Lead exposure in the shipyards was relatively low. No Pb-B value exceeded 70µg/100ml. The most exposed occupations were welders, plumbers, painters, repairmen, and sheet metal workers. The mean Pb-B did not exceed 40µg/100ml in any of these groups. In both shipbreaking enterprises one Pb-B value exceeded 70µg/100ml, the mean Pb-B values of all the workers in the two enterprises being 51 and 46µg/100ml, respectively. ALAD values corresponded well with the respective Pb-B values. All the haemoglobin mean values were normal, and there were no statistically significant differences between the haemoglobin values of different groups. For Part IV, see CIS 76-240.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Mar. 1976, Vol.2, No.1, p.31-36. 8 ref.

1975

CIS 76-1690 Malík E., Ulrich L.
Radiological lung changes in arc welders with several years' exposure
Röntgenologické zmeny na pl'úcach elektrozváračov po niekol'korocnej expozícii [en eslovaco]
Analysis of 205 chest X-rays taken in 1963, 1968 and 1973 in 80 welders at naval shipyards showed lung changes belonging to the "Z" group of the International Classification of Radiographs of the Pneumoconioses (ILO, 1958). Moderate and small nodular opacities were seen in 13.5% of 59 welders with 14 years' exposure. In 2 cases the opacities regressed, while 33% showed no evidence of lung changes after 10 years' exposure. Spirometric examination showed the changes revealed by X-ray to have had no appreciable repercussions on lung function. The mild signs, slowness of evolution, and possibility of regression should call for caution in the interpretation of X-rays of arc welders, in order to preclude confusion with fibrosis of the silicotic type.
Pracovní lékařství, Oct. 1975, Vol.27, No.9, p.314-317. 18 ref.

CIS 76-1424 Barhad B., Teculescu D., Crăciun O.
Respiratory symptoms, chronic bronchitis, and ventilatory function in shipyard welders.
This is a report on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory performance in 173 welders at a Romanian shipyard, compared with 100 other shipyard workers. Chronic cough, chronic bronchitis, dyspnoea and wheezing were more frequent among welders. No difference between the 2 groups was found for the physical respiratory signs. A ventilatory function defect was found in 20% of the welders. The mean FEV₁ was significantly decreased in welders with more than 10 years' exposure, in those with dyspnoea grade III or more, and in those with a history of wheezing or asthma. The results are discussed in the light of the findings of other authors.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 5 Dec. 1975, Vol.36, No.2, p.137-150. 40 ref.

CIS 76-1341 Gamberale F., Lisper H.O., Anshelm-Olson B.
Effects of styrene gases on the reaction capacity of workers manufacturing plastic boats
Styrengasers effekt på reaktionsförmåga hos arbetare i plastbåtsindustri [en sueco]
A field study was conducted of workers in 4 plastic boat industries to determine reaction time (RT) at the beginning and end of a work day. Workers from 2 mechanical industries were used as controls. The styrene-exposed workers had a longer RT, a greater deterioration in RT over time and a greater irregularity in the test than the non-exposed workers. The differences between the groups were significant and did not change after one night's rest from exposure. A positive relation was obtained between duration of exposure and deterioration of RT over time. Styrene exposure had an adverse effect on the workers' central nervous system.
Arbete och hälsa - Vetenskaplig skriftserie 1975:8, Arbetarskyddsverket, Stockholm, Sweden, 1975. 23p. Illus. 17 ref. Price: Swe-cr.10.00.

CIS 76-1030 Douglas C.P., Plummer R.M.
Welding fume threshold limit values.
The gases and fumes produced by welding in shipbuilding and repairing environments are discussed. The USA threshold or ceiling values are compared with the concentrations at operators' breathing zone levels: carbon monoxide (TLV 50ppm) 2-20ppm, nitrous fumes (no TLV) 2-8ppm, nitrogen dioxide (CLV 5ppm) trace:1ppm, iron oxide (TLV 10mg/m³) 2.7-17.2mg/m³, copper (no TLV) 0.05-0.25mg/m³, and zinc oxide (no TLV) 2.4-6.4mg/m³. Ventilation by high pressure fans and ducting with flexible polyvinyl chloride tubes were chosen and the cost of local exhaust ventilation for a worker was calculated as £90.00 per year. Factors in successful checking of the ventilation performance are also given.
Metal Construction, Sep. 1975, Vol.7, No.9, p.465-471. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 76-705 Pozin G.M., Veksler G.S.
Determination of location of air inlet for the ventilation of vessels during shipbuilding or ship repair
Opredelenie mesta zabora atmosfernogo vozduha dlja ventiljacii pomeščenij strojaščihsja ili remontiruemyh sudov [en ruso]
Results of research on the laws governing the flow of air along a ship's deck, and description of research on scale models with the hold hatches opening near or at a great distance from the superstructure. If there are no obstacles with sharp edges near the air inlet, the latter may be located on the windward side without danger of intake of foul air; such a danger would only exist in the case of a flat calm. The pure air zone around an air inlet located at some distance from the superstructure commences at a height of 5m above the deck level.
Sudostroenie, Mar. 1975, No.3, p.43-44. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 76-832
Anvisningar nr.19:7, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Fack, 10026 Stockholm 34, June 1975.
Scaffolds etc. - Directives for shipyards
Ställningar m.m. - Varvsanvisningar [en sueco]
These directives, effective 1 July 1976, cover the following points: means of access (walkways, stairways, ladders); protection against falls from a height (railings); scaffold materials; built-up, cantilever, mobile or suspended scaffolds; suspended cradles; platforms; floating scaffolds. Annex: rules for design and construction of shipyard scaffolds.
Liber Förlag, 162 89 Vällingby, Sweden. 32p. Illus. Price: Swe-cr.7.50.

CIS 76-513
Anvisningar nr. 19:5, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Stockholm, Feb. 1975.
Flame cutting, etc. - Directives for shipyards
Gasskärning m.m. - Varvsanvisningar [en sueco]
Safety directives for portable flame cutting and welding sets: handling and placing gas cylinders; installing gas pipes and distribution valves; taps, cocks, pressure-reducing valves, flash-back arresters; flexible hose; welding and cutting torches; prohibition on use of oxygen for certain kinds of work; precautions and inspections before work in enclosed spaces; flame scarfing; precautions to be taken in heating or cutting certain metals or coatings containing harmful substances; ventilation and monitoring of respirable air; fire protection; personal protective equipment. Models for gas cylinder labels are appended.
Liber Förlag, Fack, 16289 Vällingby, Sweden, 1975. 27p. Illus. Price: Swe-cr.7.50.

CIS 76-452
Anvisningar nr. 19:3, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Stockholm, Sep. 1974.
Tanker ships for chemical products - Directives for shipyards
Kemikalietankfartyg - Varvsanvisningar [en sueco]
These directives apply to inspection, cleaning and maintenance operations, and to repair and alteration work on board tanker ships for liquid chemical products. Contents: definitions, safety rules to be observed before workers are allowed to enter workplace (removal of traces of flammable or harmful liquids or gases, certificate to the effect that these precautions have been taken); supervision of the work by a responsible engineer; forced ventilation and wearing of personal protective equipment during work; safety precautions on ship and shore; issuance of permits to enter workplace and permits-to-work. Extracts of safety rules issued by other Swedish institutions are appended.
Liber Förlag, Fack, 16289 Vällingby, Sweden, 1975. 26p. Price: Swe-cr.7.50.

CIS 76-451
Anvisningar nr. 19:2, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Stockholm, Feb. 1975.
Liquefied gas tank ships - Directives for shipyards
Gastankfartyg - Varvsanvisningar [en sueco]
These directives apply to inspection, cleaning, and maintenance operations, and to repair and alteration work on board liquefied gas bulk transporters. Contents: definitions; properties of gases; safety rules to be observed before workers are allowed to enter workplace (degassing certificate); supervision of the work by a responsible engineer; permit-to-work; safety precautions (earthing, plugging of pipes, determination of oxygen level, no smoking rule, etc.); issuance of degassing certificates and permits-to-work. Extracts from safety rules issued by other Swedish authorities are appended.
Liber Förlag, Fack, 16289 Vällingby, Sweden. 26p. Price: Swe-cr.7.50.

CIS 76-532
Anvisningar nr. 19:4, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Stockholm, Mar. 1975.
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing plant - Directives for shipyards
Kolsyresläckningsanläggningar - Varvsanvisningar [en sueco]
These directives apply to shipbuilding, repair, maintenance and alteration work and testing of vessels equipped with carbon dioxide fire extinguishing plant. Leakages of this gas may cause asphyxiation by displacing oxygen in confined spaces. Safety rules for shipbuilding, alterations, design and layout, ship repairs in dockyards and sea trials (safety locking of CO₂ plant during all structural work, display of notices of locking for safety, custody of keys, responsibility, etc.). A model certificate of locking for safety and unlocking is appended.
Liber Förlag, Fack, 16289 Vällingby, Sweden, 1975. 11p. Price: Swe-cr.5.25.

CIS 76-433
Anvisningar nr.19:6, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Stockholm, Mar. 1975.
Inert gases - Directives for shipyards
Inert gas - Varvsanvisningar [en sueco]
Many petroleum and methane tankers are equipped with installations for producing inert gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.) which are pumped into the tanks to replace the air and prevent the formation of explosive atmospheres. Use of these inert gases involves an asphyxiation hazard due to lack of oxygen. These directives prescribe safety rules for workers engaged in repair work on tankers: inspection of vessel on arrival at shipyard; issuing of degassing certificate (indicating oxygen level); shutting of valves and other access to inert gas tanks; monitoring of oxygen level; permits-to-work, etc.
Liber Förlag, Fack, 16289 Vällingby, Sweden. 11p. Price: Swe-cr.5.25.

CIS 75-1642 Kasuya M., Sugawara N., Miyake H.
Metal fume fever at a shipbuilding yard.
Characteristic symptoms of metal fume fever were found among shipyard workers engaged in cutting steel plates using an electrophoto marking process in which zinc oxide is applied with a high-temperature flame as marking primer. The symptoms were mainly fever and chill accompanied by profuse perspiration, general malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, irritation of the throat, nausea, vomiting, abnormal taste, and reduced ethanol tolerance. The feverish attack covered several hours after work and had abated by next morning. The air zinc concentration was between 0.107 and 0.438mg/m³. The feverish attack was a manifestation of metal fume fever caused by inhalation of zinc fumes.
Journal of the Northern Association of Occupational Health, June 1975, Vol.32, p.48-50. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 75-1547 Shipyards - Instructions for scaffolds
Skibsværfter - Anvisninger for stilladser [en danés]
After a review of the legislation in force in Denmark, these instructions define: responsibility for installation, maintenance and periodic inspection of scaffolds; safe working loads; materials used in scaffold construction; rules for work platforms; railings, ladders, lifting platforms, scaffolds mounted on floating equipment, access ladders, crane-controlled suspended cradles, erection and dismantling of scaffolds, and inspection and compliance testing of materials.
Publikation nr.51, Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet), Upsalagade 20, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1975. 14p. Gratis.

CIS 75-1127 Oliver T.P., Molyneux M.K.B.
Calculation of risks in burning and welding.
Problems associated with the fumes or gases generated during welding and cutting of metal plates in dockyards. Assessing the hazards of such fume is difficult since its composition depends upon the welding rods, the metal substrate, surface coatings, and the combination of atmospheric constituents due to the heat. Estimating the hazards is further complicated by differences in the work site, which outside the workshop may vary from a windswept ship deck to a small confined space. Air sampling, biological monitoring of blood and urine, and epidemiological studies are discussed as methods of evaluating exposure. The need for a more precise definition of parameters of risk and ventilation standards is emphasised.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1975, Vol.17, No.3-4, p.295-302. Illus. 11 ref.

1974

CIS 76-824 Seguridad e higiene en la construcción y reparación de buques. Repertorio de recomendaciones prácticas
Safety and health in shipbuilding and ship repairing. Code of practice [en inglés]
Sécurité et hygiène dans la construction et la réparation navales. Recueil de directives pratiques [en francés]
This code of practice is the result of the work of a meeting of 17 international experts, convened by the ILO at Gothenburg (Sweden), in December 1972. Contents: general provisions (duties of employers, workers, manufacturers and dealers; general safety and health measures; employment of women and young persons); workplaces, their approaches and equipment; (means of access and egress; heating, cooling, lighting and ventilation; fire and explosion protection; protection against falls of objects and of persons, etc.); scaffolding and staging; ladders, stairs, gangways and ramps; lifting appliances; ropes, chains and accessories; internal combustion engines; hand tools, portable power-driven tools; electricity; pressure plant; dangerous substances and radiations; work in confined spaces and dangerous atmospheres, etc. Subject index. German translation may be obtained from Bundesaustalt für Arbeitsschutz und Unfallforschung, Dortmund, Fed. Rep. of Germany. Russian translation available from same source.
International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1974. 260p. Price: CHF 27.50.

CIS 76-536
Anvisningar nr.19:1, National Workers' Protection Board (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Stockholm, Sep. 1974 (revised edition).
Petroleum tankers - Directives for shipyards
Oljetankfartyg - Varvsanvisningar [en sueco]
Contents: shipyard entry certificate; gas freeing of tanks; supervision of work (responsibilities of supervisory staff); cleaning of tanks; permits-to-work and tank entry certificates; safety measures (earthing of tanker, shutdown procedure, detection of toxic or flammable atmospheres, etc.); work of land personnel on tankers outside shipyards; certification procedure. The Swedish safety standards for work in tanker holds dated 3 Dec. 1974, warning notices, and specimen forms of certificates and checklists are appended.
Liber Förlag, Fack, 16289 Vällingby, Sweden, 1974. 40p. Illus. Price: Swe-cr.12.80.

CIS 76-238 Occupational safety and health standards for maritime employment.
This consolidated text of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Maritime Employment updates and republishes the standards, but does not make any substantive changes. It is divided into 5 main parts (ship repairing, shipbuilding, shipbreaking, longshoring, cargo gear certification) covering the following aspects: explosive and other hazardous atmospheres; surface preparation and preservation (toxic cleaning solvents, chemical paint and preservative removers, mechanical paint removers, painting, flammable liquids); welding, cutting and heating; scaffolds, ladders and other working surfaces; general working conditions; gear and equipment for rigging and materials handling; tools and related equipment; personal protective equipment; ship's machinery and piping systems; portable, unfired pressure vessels, drums and containers, other equipment; electrical machinery, opening and closing hatches, means of access, ship's cargo handling gear, etc. Subject index with each part.
Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Chapter 17, Parts 1915-1919. Washington, D.C., USA, 19 June 1974, Vol.39, No.119, p.22001-22106.

CIS 75-1806 Lindberg B.
Old shipyard cranes are dangerous - Serious accidents this year
Gamla varvskranar säkerhetsrisker - Allvarliga olyckor i år [en sueco]
Short descriptions of 5 serious crane accidents which occurred in Swedish shipyards in 1974 (2 fatalities) are followed by a review of the causes: material failures (design according to obsolete standards, reduction of strength due to corrosion and wear); absence of load indicator and/or overload protection; wrong slinging procedure. Extracts from interviews with labour inspectors and safety engineers show that it is difficult to inspect all elements of cranes that may be subject to failure, and that thorough training and medical supervision of crane operators are important. The article also considers safe access to crane cabins, ventilation and ergonomic design of cabins and clear view from the cabin of the lifting operation.
Arbetsmiljö, 1974, No.11, p.24-27. Illus.

CIS 75-820 Kuz'menko V.K., Kozlov V.A., Saenko E.A.
Cleaner air and more effective ventilation for a welding shop
Ulučšenie vozdušnoj sredy i ėffektivnost' ventiljacii sboročno-svaročnogo ceha [en ruso]
The authors assessed the efficiency of the ventilation system of a shipyard assembly shop where large quantities of dust and fumes were produced by arc welding large-surface or bulky assemblies. The results of the measurements showed that the general ventilation system did not ensure a sufficient air exchange at all workplaces. It was therefore recommended that exhaust openings or hoods should be arranged at the levels of maximum dust and fume concentration, and that enclosed or otherwise confined workshop sections should in addition be equipped with air-line respirators which enable their wearers to choose optimum air pressures and temperatures. The solutions adopted are described and illustrated.
Sudostroenie, May 1974, No.5, p.54-56. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 75-363 Stansfield D., Edge J.R.
Circulating rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies in shipyard asbestos workers with pleural plaques.
A study undertaken to determine any possible association between pleural plaque formation and circulating antibodies. Of 160 male shipyard workers with radiographic evidence of pleural plaque formation, 14% were found to have circulating rheumatoid factor or antinuclear bodies. A number of subjects, however, showed pulmonary fibrosis in addition to pleural plaque formation; when this group is excluded the proportion of antibody positive subjects is reduced to 11%, a figure only marginally above that found in the general population. This indicates that, as measured by these tests, pleural plaques are immunologically inert.
British Journal of Diseases of the Chest, July 1974, Vol.68, p.166-170. 7 ref.

CIS 75-476 Gobbato F., Petronio L.
Asbestos and welding fumes: Concomitant causes of lung cancer among shipyard welders?
Asbesto e fumi di saldatura: Concause di carcinoma polmonare nei saldatori dei cantieri navali? [en italiano]
Description of lung tumours observed among 4 electric arc welders in a shipyard, probably due to diverse causes acting synergically: (a) asbestos fibres in suspension on board vessels (ship repair or shipbuilding); (b) certain metallic oxides (of Cr, Ni, Co, Mn etc.) having confirmed or suspected carcinogenic action, present in welding fumes, particularly in work on special steels or sheet metal with an anti-corrosive coating; (c) polycyclic aromatic compounds contained in anti-corrosive paint binders and mineral oils contaminating elements to be arc welded. In 3 out of 4 patients who underwent lung surgery (2 lobar excisions and 1 lung resection), indices of exposure to asbestos were noted. Recommendations for informing workers of the hazard and preventive measures.
L'assistenza sociale, Mar.-Apr. 1974. Vol.27, No.2, p.27-33. 26 ref.

1973

CIS 75-525 Fumes from welding and flame cutting - Report on the shipbuilding and ship-repairing industry
Fumées de soudage et de coupage à la flamme - Rapport sur l'industrie de la construction et de la réparation navales. [en francés]
Translation of: Fumes from welding and flame cutting - Report on the shipbuilding and ship-repairing industry. Department of Employment and Productivity, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1, United Kingdom, 1970. 35p. Report on investigations to determine the toxic hazards associated with welding and flame cutting and to indicate how working conditions could be improved to comply with the Shipbuilding and Ship-repairing Regulations 1960. Sections are devoted to: evaluation of the results of toxic gas and fume measurements; a summary of working conditions and recommendations for their improvement (provision of effective exhaust ventilation or suitable breathing apparatus, substitution of less toxic or less volatile coatings for protective zinc-rich coatings on steel plate, improved supervision, and industrial hygiene control). Appendices contain the full results of the investigation and tabulated data on welding processes used on various materials.
Traduction INRS 119 A-73, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1973. 56p.

CIS 74-1852 Asbestos-based materials for the building and shipbuilding industries and electrical and engineering insulation.
This booklet gives recommendations concerning the safe use of asbestos at workplaces. Short sections cover: products; list of operations to which the Asbestos Regulations (United Kingdom) 1969 apply (open sites or enclosed spaces); general, exhaust ventilation and protective equipment, cleanliness of premises and plant, storage and distribution; definition of asbestos dust and TLVs; precautions to be taken during work with asbestos; recommended working procedures. Information concerning exhaust ventilation units, accessories, and details of suppliers is appended.
Control and Safety Guide No.5, Asbestosis Research Council, 114 Park Street, London W1Y 4AB, United Kingdom, Nov. 1973. 14p. Illus.

CIS 74-2044 Petroleum tanker directives
Oljetankanvisningar - Varvsanvisningar [en sueco]
Subjects covered include: shipyard entry certificate; gas freeing of tanks; supervision of work (responsibilities of supervisory staff); cleaning of tanks; permits-to-work and tank entry certificates; safety measurements (earthing of tanker, shutdown procedure, detection of toxic or flammable atmospheres, etc.); work of land personnel on tankers outside shipyards; certification procedure. The Swedish safety standards for work in tanker holds dated 18 May 1973, warning notices, and specimen forms of certificates and checklists are appended.
Anvisningar nr.19:1, National Workers' Protection Board (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Stockholm, Mar. 1973. Svenska Reproduktions AB, Fack, 162 10 Vällingby 1, Sweden. 28p. Illus.

CIS 74-947 Petrenko L.T., Korjukaev Ju.S.
Accident prevention during painting and insulating work in shipbuilding
Tehnika bezopasnosti pri okrasočnyh i izoljacionnyh rabotah v sudostroenii [en ruso]
Subjects dealt with include: main properties and toxicology of pigments, fillers, coating materials, plasticisers, hardeners, solvents, dilutants, finishes, paints, enamels, primers, putties, insulating materials, glues, etc.; safe working methods for the preparation of surfaces, mixing of coating materials, painting and insulating work; technical and hygiene requirements to be met by painting and insulating shops (heating, ventilation, lighting, fire protection); personal protective equipment, personal hygiene and first aid in case of acute poisoning; organisation of occupational safety and health services.
Izdatel'stvo "Sudostroenie", ulica Gogolja 8, 191065 Leningrad, USSR, 1973. 180p. Illus. 47 ref. Price: Rbl.0.79.

CIS 74-679 Fletcher D.E.
A mortality study of shipyard workers with pleural plaques
Etude de mortalité parmi les travailleurs des chantiers navals porteurs de plaques pleurales. [en francés]
French translation of: A mortaliy study of shipyard workers with pleural plaques. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Apr.1972, Vol.29, No.2, p.142-145. 15 ref. Mild asbestos effects are seen frequently in shipyard workers. It is known that this type of asbestos exposure may be associated with mesothelioma but it is not generally thought that an increased bronchial carcinoma risk exists unless there is pulmonary fibrosis. A number of cases of both types of malignant disease were seen in the hospitals of a shipyard town, associated with pleural plaques. A retrospective survey was therefore carried out and all routine chest X-ray films in the shipyard medical files taken between 1960 and 1970 were reviewed together with films from a mass radiography session; 408 men were found to have evidence of pleural plaques. 65 men died during the follow-up from diagnosis to 1970. In a 404-man control group, there were 56 deaths in the same time. Results of comparison with expected general-population mortality: in the plaque series, there were 16 deaths from bronchial carcinoma (expected figure: 6.74) and 3 from mesotheliomas.
Translation INRS 74 B-73, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1973. 14p. 15 ref.

CIS 74-677 Harries P.G., Mackenzie F.A.F., Scheers G., Kemp J.H., Oliver T.P., Wright D.S.
Radiological survey of men exposed to asbestos in naval dockyards
Enquête radiologique parmi les travailleurs des chantiers navals exposés à l'amiante. [en francés]
French translation of: Radiological survey of men exposed to asbestos in naval dockyards. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, London, United Kingdom, July 1972, Vol.29, No.3, p.274-279. 12 ref. The authors give an account of new surveys in 3 naval dockyards in the United Kingdom. Asbestos related abnormalities were found in 3% of the 2,442 workers examined, which represented 10% of the employees in the 3 dockyards. The prevalence of these abnormalities was related to the type of occupation and duration of exposure to asbestos. The results confirm the findings of the earlier survey. No association between smoking, or the amount smoked, and the incidence of parenchymal disease due to asbestos was found. Pleural abnormalities were found 10 times more frequently than parenchymal disease, and concern is expressed about the prognosis in men with pleural abnormalities, since 37 men in the first survey have developed pleural mesothelioma since 1965. The findings on asbestos-abnormality prevalence are tabulated according to work post and degree of exposure.
Translation INRS 75 B-73, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1973, 19p. 12 ref.

CIS 74-838 Standard for the control of gas hazards on vessels to be repaired
Norme concernant la prévention des risques dus aux gaz sur les navires en réparation. [en francés]
French translation of NFPA Standard No.306-1971: Standard for the control of gas hazards on vessels to be repaired. National Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, USA, 1971. 22p. Illus. This standard lays down requirements for certifying cargo tanks, fuel tanks and other compartments before carrying out construction, alteration, repair or shipbreaking work on vessels carrying or having carried combustible or flammable liquids or flammable compressed gases. The standard applies to cold work and to repairs involving riveting, welding, burning or similar fire-producing operations on vessels.
Translation INRS 27 A-1973, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1973. 31p. Illus.

CIS 73-1312 Peters J.M.
Pulmonary function in shipyard welders - An epidemiologic study
Three groups of shipyard workers doing repair work (61 welders using conventional arc welding and inert gas methods, 63 pipe fitters and 61 pipe coverers exposed to asbestos) were studied by means of a questionnaire, physical examination, chest x-ray and comprehensive pulmonary function tests. Air samples were collected inside the welding helmet over extended periods; a digest of the data obtained is given (DcO, CuO, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe₂O, ZnO, ozone and nitrogen oxides). Smoking habits were also taken into account. All 3 groups had depressed pulmonary function when compared with similar workers with neither asbestos nor welding exposure.
Archives of Environmental Health, Jan. 1973, Vol.26, No.1, p.28-31. Illus. 12 ref.

1972

CIS 72-2712 Górczak F., Piórek S.
Maintaining air purity at the welder's work point in shipbuilding by use of the IWO-8 ventilation system
Zapewnienie czystości środowiska powietrznego na stanowiskach pracy spawaczy okrętowych za pomocą urządzenia wentylacyjnego IWO-8 [en polonés]
After reviewing the various techniques available for the ventilation of shipbuilding welders' work points, the authors indicate the requirements to be met by a local exhaust ventilation system and describe the device designed for welding in confined spaces to which access is difficult, and in tanks. This system, the "IWO-8', was suitable in field trials and reduced welding fume concentrations in double-bottoms and ships' tanks to below prescribed levels.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1972, Vol.22, No.73, p.93-103. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 73-345 Harries P.G.
Radiological survey of men exposed to asbestos in naval dockyards
An extension of the radiological survey reported in CIS 69-688, to 3 other naval dockyards in the United Kingdom. Asbestos related abnormalities were found in 3% of the 2,442 workers examined (10% of the employees in the 3 dockyards). the prevalence of these abnormalities was related to the type of occupation and duration of exposure to asbestos. The results confirm the findings of the earlier survey. No association between smoking, or the amount smoked, and the incidence of paranchymal disease due to asbestos was found. Pleural abnormalities were found 10 times more frequently than parenchymal disease, and concern is expressed about the prognosis in men with pleural abnormalities, since 37 men in the first survey have developed pleural mesothelioma since 1965. The findings on asbestos-abnormality prevalence are tabulated according to occupation and degree of exposure.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1972, Vol.29, No.3, p.274-279. 12 ref.

CIS 73-358 Fletcher D.E.
A mortality study of shipyard workers with pleural plaques
Mild asbestos effects are seen frequently in shipyard workers. It is known that this type of asbestos exposure may be associated with mesothelioma but it is not generally thought that an increased bronchial carcinoma risk exists unless there is pulmonary fibrosis. A number of cases of both types of malignant disease were seen in the hospitals of a shipyard town, associated with pleural plaques. A retrospective survey was therefore carried out and all routine chest X-ray films in the shipyard medical files taken between 1960 and 1970 were reviewed together with films from a mass radiography session; 408 men were found to have evidence of pleural plaques. 65 men died during the follow-up from diagnosis to 1970; in a 404-man control group, there were 56 deaths. Comparison with expected general-population mortality was made. In the plaque series, there were 16 bronchial carcinoma deaths compared with an expected figure of 6.74. 3 mesotheliomas occurred in the plaque series.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1972, Vol.29, No.2, p.142-145. 15 ref.

CIS 73-529 Murphy R.L.H.
Effects of low concentrations of asbestos - Clinical, environmental, radiologic and epidemiologic observations in shipyard pipe coverers and controls
101 pipe coverers engaged in new ship construction and 94 controls matched for age, duration of employment and smoking habits were surveyed as regards environmental exposure to asbestos dust, respiratory function, clinical and radiological findings, and other diseases. Dust exposure had been near the threshold limit value of 175p/cm³. Asbestosis was found to be 11 times more common among pipe coverers than among controls; it was found first after 13 years' exposure, and its prevalence was 38% after 20. The study emphasises that low concentrations of asbestos can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and suggests that the threshold limit value should be lowered.
New England Journal of Medicine, 2 Dec. 1971, Vol.285, No.23, p.1271-1278. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 73-1314 Murphy R.L.H.
Low exposure to asbestos - Gas exchange in ship pipe coverers and controls
Presentation and discussion of the results of a survey conducted on a group of 84 pipe coverers in a shipyard and 2 control groups to explore the usefulness of tests of respiratory gas exchange in assessing the spectrum of pulmonary asbestosis. Pipe coverers had significantly reduced vital capacity as well as single breath and exercise steady-state diffusing capacity. Asbestos exposure varied from 1 to 30 years and had been monitored. The correlations between various physiological tests are discussed. Since asbestosis can occur at low dust exposure levels (which are increasingly common), its early detection is obviously important.
Archives of Environmental Health, Oct. 1972, Vol.25, No.4, p.253-264. Illus. 41 ref.

1970

CIS 74-823
Department of Employment and Productivity, London.
Fumes from welding and flame cutting - Report on the shipbuilding and ship-repairing industry.
Report on a 6-week survey on the toxic hazards arising from these operations in several shipyards. Contents: introduction (types of welding and flame cutting; toxic hazards; welding and flame cutting sites; ventilation; sampling sites and methods of sampling); evaluation of the results of the survey (toxic gases: CO, CO₂, NO₂, O₃, SO₂, HF; toxic fumes: iron oxide, zinc oxide, inorganic fluoride, other metal fumes); summary and recommendations (open air and open workshop conditions, confined and semi-confined spaces, substitution of protective zinc-rich coatings on steel plate, supervision, industrial hygiene control). The pertinent legislation is reproduced. Appendices give detailed results of the survey, followed by details in tabular form concerning: open arc welding of (a) zinc-coated mild steel, (b) mild steel not coated with zinc; gas-shielded welding of various materials; submerged arc welding of various materials; and gas cutting of mild steel.
H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1, United Kingdom, 1970. 35p. Price: £0.375.

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