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• Fatiga

2011

CIS 12-0340 Phan Chan The E.
Quality sleep: An occupational and public health challenge
Un sommeil de qualité: un enjeu de santé au travail et de santé publique [en francés]
Written by an occupational physician, this article on the risks related to sleep disturbances and somnolence at the place of work sheds useful light for enterprise initiatives relating to occupational safety and health and conditions of work.
Préventique-Sécurité, Nov.-Dec. 2011, No.120, p.53-57. Illus. 11 ref.
Un_sommeil_de_qualité_[BUY_THIS_ARTICLE] [en francés]

CIS 12-0164 Kubo T., Takahashi M., Sato T., Sasaki T., Oka T., Iwasaki K.
Weekend sleep intervention for workers with habitually short sleep periods
This study was conducted to determine whether extended sleep time during the weekend improves alertness and performance during the subsequent week for workers who are habitually short on sleep time. Daytime employees in the manufacturing industry with mean weekday sleep ¿6 hours participated in a study that lasted three successive weeks. Participants were instructed to stay in bed for eight hours or more between 22:00 to 09:00 hours on weekends during the first week as a sleep intervention condition and keep their habitual sleep-wake patterns as a habitual weekend sleep condition beginning the weekend of the second week through Thursday of the third week. Half the participants underwent the conditions in one order and the other half in the reverse. Sleep was monitored by an actigraph. A psychomotor vigilance task, subjective fatigue and blood pressure were measured on Monday and Thursday during the afternoon each week. Sleep duration on weekends was approximately two hours longer per day during the intervention. However, sleep duration during weekdays following the intervention returned to shorter periods. Significantly shorter reaction times and a smaller number of lapses on the psychomotor vigilance task were found on Mondays after the intervention than after the habitual weekend sleep. The opposite results, however, were observed on Thursdays. Sleep extension on weekends may be effective in improving alertness and performance during the first days in subsequent weeks among workers with short sleep times. These benefits might be maintained if sufficient sleep duration continues.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Sep. 2011, Vol.37, No.5, p.418-426. Illus. 35 ref.
Weekend_sleep_intervention_[BUY_THIS_ARTICLE] [en inglés]
ILO_LABORDOC_[INTRANET_ACCESS] [en inglés]

CIS 11-0734 Ferguson S.A., Paech G.M., Dorrian J., Roach G.D., Jay S.M.
Performance on a simple response time task: Is sleep or work more important for miners?
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of work- and sleep-related factors on an objective measure of response time in a field setting. Thirty-five mining operators working 12h shifts completed daily sleep and work diaries, wore activity monitors continuously and completed palm-based psychomotor vigilance tests at the start and end of each shift. Linear mixed models were used to test the main effects on response time of roster, timing of test, sleep history and prior wake. The time at which the test occurred was a significant predictor of response time, with the end of night shifts being associated with significantly slower response times than the start of night shifts, and the start or end of day shifts. Further, the amount of sleep obtained in the 24h prior to the test was also a significant predictor of response time. The results suggest that the end of night shift is associated with changes in response time indicative of performance impairments. The immediate sleep history was also predictive of changes in response time, with lower amounts of prior sleep related to slower response times. The current data provides further evidence that sleep is a primary mediator of performance, independent of roster pattern.
Applied Ergonomics, 2011, Vol.42, p.210-213. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 11-0733 Dorrian J., Baulk S.D., Dawson D.
Work hours, workload, sleep and fatigue in Australian rail industry employees
This study investigated fatigue in a cross-sectional sample of Australian rail employees. Participants included 85 men and five women from four companies. Data were analysed for a total of 713 shifts. Subjects wore wrist actigraphs, evaluated their subjective fatigue scale, and completed sleep and work diaries for 14-days. Average sleep length, prior wake at shift end, shift duration and fatigue were within limits generally considered acceptable from a fatigue perspective. However, 13% of participants received 5h or less sleep in the prior 24 h, 16%, were awake for at least 16h at the end of shift and 7% worked at least 10h on 7% of shifts. While on average, sleep loss, extended wakefulness, longer work hours and work-related fatigue do not appear problematic in this sample, there is still a notable percentage of shifts that are likely to be associated with high levels of work-related fatigue. Given the size of the Australian rail sector with thousands of shifts occurring each day, this is potentially of operational concern. Further, results indicate that, in addition to sleep length, wakefulness and work hours, workload significantly influences fatigue. This has possible implications for bio-mathematical predictions of fatigue and for fatigue management more generally.
Applied Ergonomics, 2011, Vol.42, p.202-209. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 11-0703 Camino López M.A., Fontaneda I., González Alcántara O.J., Ritzel D.O.
The special severity of occupational accidents in the afternoon: "The lunch effect"
This study analyzed data from over 10 million occupational accidents having occurred in Spain between 1990 and 2002, with emphasis on the severity of occupational accidents suffered by construction workers at different hours of the day. It was observed that during the interval of time from 13:00 h to 17:00 h, the rates of severe and fatal accidents were particularly high. The opinions of workers concerning the possible reasons for these accidents were obtained by means of questionnaires administered by occupational physicians during periodical health check-ups. This higher accident rate is termed the "lunch effect", and is attributed to several potential risk factors for occupational accidents around lunchtime in Spain, including alcohol consumption.
Accident Analysis and Prevention, May 2011, Vol.43, No.3, p.1104-1116. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 11-0728 Gershon P., Shinar D., Oron-Gilad T., Parmet Y., Ronen A.
Usage and perceived effectiveness of fatigue countermeasures for professional and nonprofessional drivers
The objective of this study was to compare usage patterns and evaluate the perceived effectiveness of different coping behaviours adopted by professional and nonprofessional drivers in order to maintain alertness. It was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey among 100 professional and 90 nonprofessional drivers. Listening to the radio and opening the window were the most frequently used and also perceived as highly effective coping behaviours by both groups of drivers. Talking on a cellular phone or with a passenger were more frequently used by nonprofessional drivers whereas, planning rest stops ahead, stopping for a short nap and drinking coffee were more frequently used by professional drivers. These methods were also perceived as more effective by professional than by the nonprofessional drivers and their usage frequency highly correlated with their perceived effectiveness. Nonprofessional drivers counteract fatigue only at the tactical/maneuvering level of the drive. Hence, they tend to adopt methods that help them pass the time and reduce their feeling of boredom but do not require advance preparations or adjustments in the driving. In contrast, professional drivers counteract fatigue also at the strategic/planning level of driving, and use a much larger repertoire of coping behaviours.
Accident Analysis and Prevention, May 2011, Vol.43, No.3, p.797-803. 27 ref.

CIS 11-0727 Williamson A., Friswell R.
Investigating the relative effects of sleep deprivation and time of day on fatigue and performance
The objective of this study was to examine the relative effects of time of day and sleep deprivation on fatigue and performance. Two independent groups were exposed to 28 h of sleep deprivation beginning at 06:00 h for one group (39 participants) and at 00:00 h for the other (22 participants). By varying the start time for the two groups, but keeping constant the duration of sleep deprivation, the effects of variations in the time of day of testing were examined. For the 06:00 h start group, the longest period without sleep occurred close to the low point of the circadian rhythm. For the 00:00 h start group, the circadian low point coincided with only two to six hours of sleep deprivation. Performance was evaluated two-hourly using computer-based cognitive performance and memory tests, together with subjective fatigue ratings. Both time of day and sleep deprivation affected performance. The implications of these findings for fatigue management are discussed.
Accident Analysis and Prevention, May 2011, Vol.43, No.3, p.690-697. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 11-0725 Natvik S., Bjorvatn B., Moen B.E., Magerøy N., Sivertsen B., Pallesen S.
Personality factors related to shift work tolerance in two- and three-shift workers
This study aimed to investigate whether personality variables were associated with shift work tolerance, and whether these potential associations were moderated by various types of shift work. The sample comprised 1505 nurses who worked either two or three rotating shifts. Personality traits were measured in terms of morningness, flexibility, languidity and hardiness. Morningness reflects the tendency to be alert relatively early in the morning and sleepy relatively early in the evening. Flexibility denotes the ability to both work and sleep at odd times of the day, while languidity concerns the tendency to become tired/sleepy when cutting down on sleep. Hardiness relates to resilience to stressful life events. The dependent variables in this study comprised of measures of insomnia, sleepiness, depression and anxiety. Hierarchical regression analyses, which controlled for demographic variables and work load, revealed that morningness was significantly and negatively related to insomnia. The morningness by shift type interaction was overall significant for depressive symptoms. Morningness was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms in three-shift workers, but unrelated to depressive symptoms in two-shift workers. Flexibility was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Flexibility by shift type interaction was significant for insomnia, indicating that flexibility was negatively associated with insomnia for three-shift workers and unrelated with insomnia for two-shift workers. Languidity was associated with higher levels of sleepiness, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Hardiness was associated with lower levels of all four dependent variables.
Applied Ergonomics, July 2011, Vol.42, No.5, p.719-724. 53 ref.

CIS 11-0584 Åkerstedt T., Kecklund G.
Shift work, severe sleepiness and safety
This editorial reviews the issue of sleepiness caused by shift work, leading to increased risk of accidents, with references to several scientific studies.
Industrial Health, 2011, Vol.49, p.141-142. 16 ref.

CIS 11-0521 Gell N., Werner R.A., Hartigan A., Wiggermann N., Keyserling W.M.
Risk factors for lower extremity fatigue among assembly plant workers
Work-related fatigue of the lower extremities is a known cause of lost productivity and significant employer costs. This cross sectional study was conducted in an automotive assembly plant on employees with at least six months of tenure. Fatigue severity data were collected via questionnaires. Jobs were evaluated for lower extremity ergonomic exposures via videotaping, pedometers, interviews and industrial engineering records. Lower extremity fatigue at the end of the work day was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, rheumatoid arthritis, job dissatisfaction, use of shoes with firmer outsoles, and increased time on the job spent standing or walking. Supervisor support and increased time spent on carpet were protective. Lower extremity fatigue that interfered with activities outside of work had additional risk factors including higher BMI, prior diagnosis of osteoarthritis and increased hours per week spent working. While these results identify carpet as being protective against lower extremity fatigue, no similar relationship was identified for anti-fatigue mats. No adverse relationship was found between hard surfaces such as concrete and lower extremity fatigue. Given the high costs associated with work-related fatigue, future areas for potential intervention include smoking cessation, specific shoe recommendations and enhancing psychosocial aspects of work such as supervisor support.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2011, Vol.54, p.216-223. 16 ref.

CIS 11-0582 Lafleur J.
Allostatic load
Le poids allostatique [en francés]
Allostasis refers to the mechanisms that ensure sustainable physiological stability under chronic stress conditions. This article addresses allostatic load, which designates the consequences of biological adaptation to persistent stress, such as intense fatigue, insomnia, digestive disorders, irritability and migraine.
Travail et santé, June 2011, Vol. 27, No.2, p.16-20. Illus. 2 ref.

2010

CIS 11-0735 Kakooei H., Ardakani Z.Z., Ayattollahi M.T., Karimian M., Saraji G.N., Owji A.A.
The effect of bright light on physiological circadian rhythms and subjective alertness of shift work nurses in Iran
In this study, the effects of bright light (BL) on the rhythms in body temperature, plasma melatonin, plasma cortisol and subjective alertness were assessed in 34 shift work nurses at an Iranian university hospital. They were exposed to very BL (4,500 lx) during two breaks (21:15-22:00 and 03:15-04:00) or dim light (300 lx). The subjects were studied under 24h of realistic conditions during which their plasma cortisol and melatonin were measured at 3-h intervals; their body temperature was also measured during and after night shift work. Subjective alertness was evaluated with the Karolinska sleepiness scale. Administration of BL significantly suppressed night-time melatonin levels. A one-way ANOVA revealed that BL tended to increase cortisol levels and body temperature and significantly improved alertness. These results demonstrate that photic stimulation in a hospital setting can have a powerful influence on the adjustment of the circadian system.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2010, Vol.16, No.4, p.477-485. Illus. 42 ref.

CIS 11-0718 Kubota K., Shimazu A., Kawakami N., Takahashi M., Nakata A., Schaufeli W.B.
Association between workaholism and sleep problems among hospital nurses
The present study examined the association between workaholism, the tendency to work excessively hard in a compulsive fashion, and sleep problems among Japanese nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 600 nurses from two university hospitals in Japan using a self-reported questionnaire on workaholism, sleep, job-related variables (job demands, job control and worksite support), and demographic variables. A total of 394 nurses returned the questionnaire (response rate 65.7%) and complete data from 312 female nurses were used for analyses (final coverage rate 52.0%). Workaholics, as measured using the Japanese version of the Dutch Workaholism Scale, were defined as those having high scores on both the "work excessively" and "work compulsively" subscales. Logistic regression analyses revealed that workaholics had higher risks for sleep problems in terms of subjective sleep insufficiency, excessive daytime sleepiness at work, difficulty awakening in the morning and feeling tired when waking up in the morning (odds ratios (OR) of 4.40, 3.18, 3.48 and 4.61, respectively). These remained significant even after adjusting for demographic and job-related variables (OR 3.41, 5.36, 2.56 and 2.77, respectively). However, no significant associations were found between workaholism and insomnia symptoms. These results suggest that workaholic nurses had higher risks for impaired awakening, insufficient sleep and workplace sleepiness.
Industrial Health, Nov. 2010, Vol.48, No.6, p.864-871. 39 ref.
Association.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0717 Arimura M., Imai M., Okawa M., Fujimura T., Yamada N.
Sleep, mental health status, and medical errors among hospital nurses in Japan
Medical error involving nurses is a critical issue since nurses' actions will have a direct and often significant effect on the prognosis of their patients. To investigate the significance of nurse health in Japan and its potential impact on patient services, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among nurses working in hospitals, with the specific purpose of examining the relationship between shift work, mental health and self-reported medical errors. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between the shift work system, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores and nurse errors: the odds ratios for shift system and GHQ were 2.1 and 1.1, respectively. It was confirmed that both sleep and mental health status among hospital nurses were relatively poor, and that shift work and poor mental health were significant factors contributing to medical errors.
Industrial Health, Nov. 2010, Vol.48, No.6, p.811-817. 25 ref.
Sleep_mental_health.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0715 Tanaka K., Otsubo T., Tanaka M., Kaku A., Nishinoue N., Takanao T., Kamata N., Miyaoka H.
Similarity in predictors between near miss and adverse event among Japanese nurses working at teaching hospitals
Near miss-based analysis has been recently suggested to be more important in the medical field than focusing on adverse events, as in the industrial field. To validate the utility of near miss-based analysis in the medical fields, this study investigated whether or not predictors of near misses and adverse events were similar among nurses at teaching hospitals. Of the 1,860 nurses approached, 1,737 (93.4%) were included in the final analysis. Potential predictors provided for analysis included gender, age, years of nursing experience, frequency of alcohol consumption, work place, ward rotation, frequency of night shifts, sleepiness during work, frequency of feeling unskilled, nurses' job stressors, working conditions, and depression. Ordinal logistic analysis showed that predictors of near misses and adverse events were markedly similar. Parameters that were significantly related to both near misses and adverse events were years of experience, frequency of night shifts, internal ward, and time pressure.
Industrial Health, Nov. 2010, Vol.48, No.6, p.775-782. 36 ref.
Similarity_in_predictors.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0440 Tucker P., Brown M., Dahlgren A., Davies G., Ebden P., Folkard S., Hutchings H., Åkerstedt T.
The impact of junior doctors' worktime arrangements on their fatigue and well-being
Many doctors report working excessively demanding schedules. This study compared groups of junior doctors working on different schedules in order to identify which features of schedule design most negatively affected their fatigue and well-being in recent weeks. Completed by 336 doctors, the questionnaires focused on the respondents' personal circumstances, work situation, work schedules, sleep, and perceptions of fatigue, work-life balance and psychological strain. Working seven consecutive nights was associated with greater accumulated fatigue and greater work-life interference, compared with working just 3 or 4 nights. Having only one rest day after working nights was associated with increased fatigue. Working a weekend on-call between two consecutive working weeks was associated with increased work-life interference. Working frequent on-calls (either on weekends or during the week) was associated with increased work-life interference and psychological strain. Inter-shift intervals of <10 hours were associated with shorter periods of sleep and increased fatigue. The number of hours worked per week was positively associated with work-life interference and fatigue on night shifts.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Nov. 2010, Vol.36, No.6, p.458-465. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 11-0129 Sato T., Kubo T., Ebara T., Takeyama H., Inoue T., Iwanishi M., Tachi N., Itani T., Kamijima M.
Brief hourly exercise during night work can help maintain workers' performance
This study examined the effects of brief hourly exercise as a countermeasure against the adverse effects of night work, especially for workers requiring sustained attention while working in a prolonged sitting posture. During simulated night work (22:00-08:00), participants were required to follow an hourly schedule comprising a 30-min task, a 15-min test and a 15-min break. The study included two experimental conditions: hourly exercise for 3 min during breaks, and a control condition, without exercise during the breaks. Throughout the test period, work performance in the last 10 min of each 30-min task was better under the exercise condition than under the control condition. Implications of these and other findings are discussed.
Industrial Health, July 2010, Vol.48, No.4, p.470-477. Illus. 41 ref.
Brief_hourly_exercise.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0137 Fletcher A.
Staying safe in the jungles of Borneo: Five studies of fatigue and cultural issues in remote mining projects
The global mining industry keeps expanding, and projects are often started in areas previously considered too remote. Due to worker beliefs about safety, and the diversity of cultures in remote projects, the measurement and management of human fatigue is complex. This article reports on five studies from mining companies in a region of Indonesia, where workers had died in likely fatigue-related accidents. Mixed-method approaches, involving qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative measures were used. Findings are discussed. It is concluded that interaction of cultures, stress, sleep, fatigue, safety and individual differences must be more effectively addressed in remote mining camps.
Industrial Health, July 2010, Vol.48, No.4, p.406-415. Illus. 21 ref.
Staying_safe.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0068 Hakola T., Paukkonen M., Pohjonen T.
Less quick returns - Greater well-being
The aim of this study was to design ergonomically-improved shift schedules for nurses in primary health care shift work in order to enhance their health and well-being. The main change made was the reduction of quick returns (morning shifts immediately after an evening shift) in order to ensure more recovery time between work shifts. Six Finnish municipal hospital units and 75 nurses participated in the intervention. The aim was to maintain or improve the well-being and work ability of aged workers. Subjects were divided into three age groups: 20-40, 41-52 and 53-62 years. The introduction of more recovery time between evening and morning shifts significantly improved the subjects' sleep and alertness, well-being at work, perceived health and leisure-time activities independently of their age. The effect on social and family life was also positive. Other findings are discussed.
Industrial Health, July 2010, Vol.48, No.4, p.390-394. 10 ref.

CIS 11-0067 Paterson J.L., Dorrian J., Pincombe J., Grech C., Dawson D.
Mood change and perception of workload in Australian midwives
Twenty midwives in an Australian metropolitan hospital completed logbooks assessing daily fluctuations in subjective mood and workload. Participants also provided information about history of psychopathology and sleep quality. Workload factors significantly predicted mood at work. Specifically, when participants felt that their work was more demanding and frustrating and required more effort, or when they felt that they could not accomplish all that was expected, mood was negatively influenced. This supports the connection between workload and negative mood change in healthcare. Given the potential for mood to influence a multitude of functions relevant to safety, performance and psychosocial wellbeing it is important to understand the factors which influence mood, particularly in light of the current shortfall in the Australian healthcare workforce.
Industrial Health, July 2010, Vol.48, No.4, p.381-389. Illus. 39 ref.
Mood_change.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 10-0788 Salgado Don A., Bouza Prego M.A., De la Campa Portela R.M.
Normas y reglamentos existentes sobre la fatiga en el marino y su prevención
Both physical and mental fatigue constitute a problem for all means of transport, and particularly for sectors that operate 24 hours a day such as maritime transport. Fatigue causes concentration difficulties, anxiety, gradual reduction of body resistance, sleep disturbances and major light sensitivity. Every State of registry is responsible for production, acceptance, implementation and application of national and international legislation relative to the various aspects that involve the fatigue issue, namely work schedules, rest periods, crew qualification and watch keeping policies. This article examines the conventions and other instruments on fatigue promulgated by several international organizations (ILO, IMO).
Medicina Marítima, June 2010, Vol.10, No.1, p.70-76. 10 ref.

CIS 10-0660 Heaton K., Azuero A., Reed D.
Obstructive sleep apnea indicators and injury in older farmers
This study explored the relationship between sleep apnea indicators and injury in 756 older farmers from Kentucky and South Carolina. The primary outcome variable was the occurrence of injuries related to farm work in the past year. Main explanatory variables of interest included snoring, gasping, snorting, or cessation of breathing while asleep; trouble sleeping; consumption of sleep medications; trouble staying awake during daytime; sleep quality. Simple logistic regressions established bivariate associations between explanatory and outcome variables. The results show that just over 10% of participants experienced a farm injury in the past year. Significant bivariate associations were detected between the occurrence of injuries and number of days of farm work (odds ratio - OR 1.003), number of hours of farm work during the previous week (OR 1.017), male gender (OR 2.48), arthritis or rheumatism conditions (OR 1.981), stopped breathing while sleeping (OR 2.338) and problems staying awake during the previous month (OR 2.561). Implications of these findings are discussed.
Journal of Agromedicine, 2nd quarter 2010, Vol.15, No.2, p.148-156. 37 ref.

CIS 10-0533 Verdonk P., Hooftman W.E., van Veldhoven M.J., Boelens L.R., Koppes L.L.
Work-related fatigue: The specific case of highly educated women in the Netherlands
This study aimed to establish the prevalence of high work-related fatigue (need for recovery, NFR) among employees and to explain group differences categorized by gender, age, and education. The study particularly aimed to clarify the prevalence and explanatory factors among highly educated women. In 2005 and 2006, a large sample of Dutch employees received a questionnaire on working conditions. The prevalences of high NFR for men and women with different age and education levels were calculated. The average prevalence of high NFR was 28.8% and was highest among highly educated women (35.2%) in particular those aged 50-64 years (40.3%). Other findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Mar. 2010, Vol.83, No.3, p.309-321. Illus. 50 ref.

CIS 10-0320 Papadopoulos G., Georgiadou P., Papazoglou C., Michaliou K.
Occupational and public health and safety in a changing work environment: An integrated approach for risk assessment and prevention
During recent years the work environment has undergone significant changes regarding working time, years of employment, work organization, type of employment contracts and working conditions. This article examines the consequences of these changes on occupational and public safety and health, which include the disruption of human biological rhythms, the increase of workers fatigue due to changes in patterns of working hours and years of employment, job insecurity and occupational stress, which have a serious impact on workers' health and may result in an increase in occupational accidents. The difficulties arising in conducting effective occupational risk assessments and implementing OSH measures are also discussed. Finally, some concluding remarks are made.
Safety Science, Oct. 2010, Vol.48, No.8, p.943-949. 112 ref.

CIS 10-0429 Paech G.M., Jay S.M., Lamond N., Roach G.D., Ferguson S.A.
The effects of different roster schedules on sleep in miners
Shiftwork involving early morning starts and night work can affect both sleep and fatigue. This study aimed to assess the impact of different shift schedules at an Australian mine site on sleep duration and subjective sleep quality. Participants worked one of four types of roster. Sleep (wrist actigraphy and sleep diaries) was monitored for a full roster cycle including days off. Total sleep time (TST) was longer on days off compared to sleep when on day and nightshifts. Despite an increase in TST on days off, this may be insufficient to recover from the severe sleep restriction occurring during work times. Restricted sleep and quick shift-change periods may lead to long-term sleep loss and associated fatigue.
Applied Ergonomics, July 2010, Vol.41, No.4, p.600-606. Illus. 50 ref.

CIS 10-0448 Åkerstedt T., Kecklund G., Selén J.
Disturbed sleep and fatigue as predictors of return from long-term sickness absence
Long-term sickness absence has doubled in Sweden, as have complaints of disturbed sleep. The present study sought to investigate the prospective link between long-term sickness absence and disturbed sleep or fatigue. Sleep and fatigue from a representative national sample was followed up 1.5-2 yr later in terms of return from long-term (≥90 d) and intermediate term (14-89 d) sickness absence. 8,300 individuals participated in the survey, out of which 372 were on long-term and 1,423 were on intermediate term sick leave. The data was analyzed using logistic regression analysis with adjustment for background and work environment variables. Findings are discussed. The results indicate that disturbed sleep and fatigue are predictors of lack of return from long-term and intermediate-term sickness absence.
Industrial Health, Mar. 2010, Vol.48, No.2, p.209-214. 31 ref.
Disturbed_sleep_and_fatigue.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 10-0447 Nishitani N., Sakakibara H.
Job stress factors, stress response, and social support in association with insomnia of Japanese male workers
The aim of the present study was to examine the relation of insomnia with job stress factors, stress response and social support. A self-completed questionnaire survey was conducted in 212 male Japanese workers at a synthetic fibre plant. With regard to insomnia, subjects were asked the first five of the eight questions on the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Job stress factors, stress response and social support were assessed using the Job Stress Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses showed that psychological job stress factors of poor appropriateness of work and high qualitative workload were associated with insomnia. The psychological stress response of depression and physical stress responses were also related with insomnia. Depression was also related to appropriateness of work. The present results showed that insomnia was closely related with the psychological job stress factor of appropriateness of work and the psychological response of depression. These mutual relationships between insomnia and poor mental health need be investigated further.
Industrial Health, Mar. 2010, Vol.48, No.2, p.178-184. 32 ref.
Job_stress_factors.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 10-0268 Zulley J.
Healthy sleep equals healthy work?
Gesunder Schalf gleich gesunde Arbeit? [en alemán]
Sleep is considered in our performance society as a waste of time but it is nevertheless the basis of professional performance. This article on the effects of sleep disturbances on worker's health discusses the influence of biological rhythms on sleep and the importance of midday sleep or break during a workday to prevent accidents due to fatigue. It also explains what to do at the workplace to keep awake and fit.
Faktor Arbeitsschutz, 2010, No.2, p.6-8. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 10-0162 Tei-Tominaga M., Miki A.
A longitudinal study of factors associated with intentions to leave among newly graduated nurses in eight advanced treatment hospitals in Japan
This study examined the factors associated with intentions to leave among newly graduated nurses (NGNs). Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 567 NGNs in eight advanced treatment hospitals in Japan on two separate occasions approximately 6 months apart. The questionnaire items addressed individual attributes, employment and organizational characteristics and subjective health, and also included the 22-item Job Content Questionnaire, a scale of intentions to leave and a novel 21-item job readiness scale. Data from 301 NGNs who had participated in both questionnaire instances were used and subjected to hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Findings showed that while psychological distress was a more important predictor of intentions to leave during the first survey, cumulative fatigue was a more important predictor during the second survey. Other findings are discussed.
Industrial Health, May 2010, Vol.48, No.3, p.305-316. 46 ref.

CIS 09-1382 Ku C.H., Smith M.J.
Organizational factors and scheduling in locomotive engineers and conductors: Effects on fatigue, health and social well-being
This study examined organizational factors and work scheduling at a North American railway freight operator to understand how occupational factors were related to fatigue, state of health and social well-being. Data were collected by means of a 148-item questionnaire distributed to a sample of 276 locomotive engineers and drivers (response rate 45.3%) and subjected to structural equation modelling. Social well-being was found to be an important mediator between scheduling and fatigue. The study also revealed a strong relationship between fatigue and health complaints. Other findings are discussed.
Applied Ergonomics, Jan. 2010, Vol.41, No.1, p.62-71. Illus. 31 ref.

2009

CIS 11-0515 Bonzini M., Coggon D., Godfrey K., Inskip H., Crozier S., Palmer K.T.
Occupational physical activities, working hours and outcome of pregnancy: Findings from the Southampton Women's survey
The objective of this study was to investigate risks of physical activity at work by pregnancy trimester, including the effects on head and abdominal circumference. At 34 weeks of gestation 1327 expectant mothers participating in a wider cohort study were interviewed on their activities (working hours, shift work and work postures) in jobs held at each of 11, 19 and 34 weeks of gestation, and subsequently ascertained birth outcomes (preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA) and reduced head or abdominal circumference). Risk of preterm delivery was elevated nearly threefold in women whose work at 34 weeks entailed trunk bending for >1h/day. Small head circumference was more common in babies born to women who worked for >40h/week. However, no statistically significant associations were found with SGA or small abdominal circumference, and preterm delivery showed little association with long working hours, lifting, standing or shift work.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2009, Vol.66. No.10, p.685-690. 24 ref.
Occupational_physical_activities.pdf [en inglés]

CIS 11-0007 Morvan J.
Strenuousness of paid employment
De la pénibilité du travail salarié [en francés]
This article comments the legal aspects of strenuous work in France. Topics covered: definition, negotiations between employers' and employees' organizations, right to early retirement, differences between public and private sectors.
Préventique-Sécurité, July-Aug. 2010, No.106, p.76-78. Illus.

CIS 09-1407 Vanroelen C., Levecque K., Louckx F.
Psychosocial working conditions and self-reported health in a representative sample of wage-earners: A test of the different hypotheses of the demand-control-support model
This article presents an in-depth examination of Karasek's demand-control-support-model, using data from the questionnaire survey of a representative sample of 11,099 workers in Belgium. The outcome measures were self-reported persistent fatigue, musculoskeletal complaints and emotional well-being. Quantitative job demands and supervisor support had the strongest effects. Other findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Feb. 2009, Vol.82, No.3, p.329-342. 68 ref.

CIS 09-1222 Wang F.W., Chiu Y.W., Tu M.S., Chou M.Y., Wang C.L., Chuang H.Y.
Chronic fatigue of the small enterprise workers participating in an occupational health checkup center in Southern Taiwan
This study examined the association between psychosocial job characteristics and chronic fatigue among workers of small enterprises in Taiwan. A questionnaire was administered to workers receiving regular health examinations, including demographic information and data on working conditions, state of health, lifestyle, psychosocial job characteristics, fatigue and psychological distress. Probable chronic fatigue was found in 34.6% of the sample of 647 workers. Chronic fatigue was found by multiple logistic regressions to be associated with the lack of exercise, working in shifts, depression score and lack of social support at the workplace. Implications of these findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, July 2009, Vol.82, No.7, p.819-825. 35 ref.

CIS 09-1400 De Raeve L., Jansen N.W.H., van den Brandt P.A., Vasse R., Kant I.J.
Interpersonal conflicts at work as a predictor of self-reported health outcomes and occupational mobility
To examine the relationship between interpersonal conflicts at work and self-reported health outcomes and occupational mobility, data on male workers from the Maastricht Cohort Study on fatigue at work were used. Interpersonal conflict was assessed at baseline and after one year. Health outcomes were studied every four months during a second year of follow-up. Conflicts with co-workers occurred in 7.2% of the study population, while conflicts with supervisors occurred in 9.5%. Co-worker conflict was a statistically significant risk factor for an elevated need for recovery, prolonged fatigue, poor general health and external occupational mobility (change of employment). Supervisor conflict was a significant risk factor for an elevated need for recovery, prolonged fatigue, external occupational mobility, and internal occupational mobility (reassignment within the enterprise).
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2009, Vol.66, No.1, p.16-22. Illus. 47 ref.

CIS 09-1029 Di Milia L., Mummery K.
The association between job related factors, short sleep and obesity
A cross sectional survey of 346 shift and day workers (292 men and 59 women) was carried out to investigate possible associations between obesity, job related factors and sleep duration. Mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in shift workers than in day workers. Mean BMI was also significantly higher in the group working long daily hours followed by medium working hours and short working hours. Obese individuals worked significantly longer hours and slept 18 min less per day compared to those with a normal BMI. The most significant predictor of obesity was long working hours (odds ratio OR 2.82), followed by being older (OR 2.05) and short sleep duration (OR 1.92).
Industrial Health, July 2009, Vol.47, No.4, p.363-368. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 09-1042 Parks P.D., Durand G., Tsismenakis A.J., Vela-Bueno A., Kales S.N.
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea during commercial driver medical examinations
The objective of this study was to evaluate consensus criteria for screening commercial drivers for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Drivers underwent OSA screening using consensus criteria at commercial driver routine medical examinations. Among 456 drivers examined, 53 (12%) were referred for polysomnography, among whom 20 were confirmed to have OSA. Using the consensus criteria, an OSA diagnosis was reached for the same 20 subjects, supporting the high positive predictive value of the criteria. Other findings are discussed.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 2009, Vol.51, No.3, p.275-282. Illus. 41 ref.

CIS 09-1169 Halvani G.H., Zare M., Hobobati H.
The fatigue of workers of Iran Central Iron Ore Company in Yazd
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between fatigue and job satisfaction. Subjects were workers of an iron ore mine in Iran. Fatigue was measured using Iranian version of Piper Fatigue Scale questionnaire, while job satisfaction was estimated with the job satisfaction scale. The overall incidence of severe fatigue was high and there was a significant relationship between total fatigue and its sub-dimensions, and the job satisfaction of workers. Implications of these findings are discussed.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 2009, Vol.22, No.1, p.19-26. Illus. 32 ref.

CIS 09-1033 Everts R., Lloyd A., Meech R., Speers D.
Chronic fatigue syndrome complicating leptospirosis
A link between acute leptospirosis and subsequent chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been alluded to by several sources but not specifically reported or discussed in the scientific medical literature. This study discusses 12 cases of occupationally acquired acute leptospirosis, complicated by CFS. The apparent link between these two diseases deserves further epidemiological investigation, because if confirmed, it has implications for both prevention and compensation of occupationally acquired leptospirosis.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, June 2009, Vol.25, No.3, p.209-212. 22 ref.

CIS 09-951 Halvani G.H., Zare M., Mirmohammadi S.J.
The relation between shift work, sleepiness, fatigue and accidents in Iranian industrial mining group workers
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the rate of fatigue and sleepiness among shift and non-shift workers and its relation to occupational accidents. The study included 137 shift workers of Iranian Industrial Mining Group and 130 non-shift workers as controls. A multi-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Piper Fatigue Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were applied. The mean of PFS scores in the two groups was significantly different, but the difference in the mean of ESS scores was not significant. Shift workers who reported accidents had a higher score on fatigue than shift workers reporting no accidents whereas the difference in the number of accidents in the two groups was not significantly related to the rate of sleepiness. The rate of fatigue and the number of the work accidents were higher in shift workers. Fatigue was also more strongly associated with occupational accidents than with sleepiness. Results seem to indicate that the evaluation of fatigue as compared to sleepiness is a more accurate factor for preventing occupational accidents.
Industrial Health, Mar. 2009, Vol.47, No.2, p.134-138. Illus. 24 ref.
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/indhealth/47/2/134/_pdf/-char/ja/ [en inglés]

CIS 09-462 Caldwell J.A., Mallis M.M., Caldwell J.L., Paul M.A., Miller J.C., Neri D.F.
Fatigue countermeasures in aviation
Accident statistics, reports from pilots themselves, and operational flight studies all show that fatigue is a growing concern within commercial civil aviation. This position paper reviews relevant scientific literature, analyses applicable United States civilian and military flight regulations, evaluates various in-flight and pre- and post-flight fatigue countermeasures, and describes emerging technologies for detecting and countering fatigue. Following the discussion of each major issue, position statements address ways to deal with fatigue in specific contexts with the goal of using current scientific knowledge to update policy and provide tools and techniques for improving air safety.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2009, Vol.80, No.1, p.29-59. 237 ref.

CIS 09-471 Killgore W.D.S., Grugle N.L., Reichardt R.M., Killgore D.B., Balkin T.J.
Executive functions and the ability to sustain vigilance during sleep loss
It has been suggested that individuals with higher activation of the prefrontal cortex may be less vulnerable to fatigue. This hypothesis was tested in a sample of 54 healthy volunteers who were assessed bi-hourly for psychomotor vigilance during 41h of sleep deprivation. Subsets of these subjects, representing the top and bottom quartiles based on their vigilance performance were compared with respect to baseline neuro-cognitive abilities. The sleep deprivation resistant group scored significantly higher than the sleep deprivation vulnerable group on all three baseline tasks assessing prefrontal neuro-cognitive abilities. Other findings are discussed.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2009, Vol.80, No.2, p.81-87. Illus. 62 ref.

CIS 09-470 Chaumet G., Taillard J., Sagaspe P., Pagani M., Dinges D.F., Pavy-Le-Traon A., Bareille M.P., Rascol O., Philip P.
Confinement and sleep deprivation effects on propensity to take risks
This study investigated both confinement and gender effects on risk taking and reaction times during long periods of confinement and extended wakefulness. Four groups of three men and three women were studied for 10 consecutive days including a seven-day confined period or a seven-day baseline condition preceding one control night of normal sleep, one night of sleep deprivation and one recovery night in the laboratory. Risk-taking propensity (EVAR scale) and simple reaction times were monitored at regular intervals. During sleep deprivation, risk-taking propensity decreased and remained stable the following day in the confinement condition while it increased after the baseline period. Other findings are discussed.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2009, Vol.80, No.2, p.73-80. Illus. 25 ref.

2008

CIS 10-0298 Wada K., Sakata Y., Theriault G., Aratake Y., Shimizu M., Tsutsumi A., Tanaka K., Aizawa Y.
Effort-reward imbalance and social support are associated with chronic fatigue among medical residents in Japan
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of effort-reward imbalance and social support with chronic fatigue among medical residents in Japan. A total of 104 men and 42 women at 14 teaching hospitals participated in this study. Data on chronic fatigue, effort, reward, overcommitment and social support were collected by means of questionnaires. Sleeping hours for the last 30 days were estimated based on the number of overnight shifts worked, the average number of sleeping hours, and the number of hours of napping during overnight work. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between these variables and chronic fatigue. In both men and women, effort-reward imbalance was positively associated, and higher social support was negatively associated with chronic fatigue. Other findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan. 2008, Vol.81, No.3, p.331-336. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 09-1041 Schwerha J.J.
Alleged daytime somnolence in a professional driver: Approaching the fitness for duty determination
In 2006, a task force of occupational and environmental physicians published consensus recommendations for screening and evaluating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in commercial motor vehicle operators. OSA is a common and serious sleep disorder associated with daytime psychomotor impairment, as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This article illustrates the use of the task force's recommendations to guide the fitness for duty evaluation of a school bus driver referred due to somnolence at work, his subsequent treatment and safe return to work.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep 2008, Vol.50, No.9, p.1086-1088. 10 ref.

CIS 09-1170 Wada K., Arimatsu M., Yoshikawa T., Oda S., Taniguchi H., Higashi T., Aizawa Y.
Factors on working conditions and prolonged fatigue among physicians in Japan
The objective of this study was to determine the working condition factors associated with prolonged fatigue among physicians in Japan. A questionnaire on working conditions and fatigue was mailed to 478 physicians (377 men and 101 women) with more than three years of experience in clinical practice. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the multivariate relationship between the variables and prolonged fatigue. High workload was positively associated and better career satisfaction was negatively associated with prolonged fatigue. Prolonged fatigue was negatively associated with better relationships with other physicians and staff for male physicians. Other findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 2008, Vol.82, No.1, p.59-66. Illus. 40 ref.

CIS 09-982 Van den Broeck A., Vansteenkiste M., De Witte H., Lens W.
Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout, and engagement: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction
Work and Stress, July-Sep. 2008, Vol.22, No.3, p.277-294. Illus. 71 ref.

CIS 09-603 Wadsworth E.J.K., Allen P.H., McNamara R.L., Smith A.P.
Fatigue and health in a seafaring population
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the prevalence of fatigue among United Kingdom seafarers, identify fatigue risk factors and assess possible links with poor performance and ill-health. Data were collected by means of questionnaires among seafarers working in the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shipping industries. In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving an overall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associated with a range of occupational and environmental factors, many unique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factors was associated with greater fatigue. There was also a strong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and health outcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of risk factors.
Occupational Medicine, Feb. 2008, Vol.58, No.3, p.198-204. 28 ref.
http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/58/3/198 [en inglés]

CIS 09-719 Kivistö M., Härmä M., Sallinen M., Kalimo R.
Work-related factors, sleep debt and insomnia in IT professionals
The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of sleep debt, insomnia and long working hours among Finnish IT professionals and to analyse which specific work-related factors are associated with shortened sleep. A total of 2334 IT professionals responded to a questionnaire survey. Thirty-seven per cent reported sleep debt of at least 1h and 6% of at least 2h, while 16% reported insomnia. Twenty-seven per cent worked for a minimum of 50h per week. Hierarchical regression analyses were applied to investigate risk factors of sleep debt and insomnia. The most important factors associated with both sleep debt and insomnia were work-related demands requiring long hours, mental stamina, problem solving and positive perceptions of work, such as job control and importance of the respondents' own work in their life.
Occupational Medicine, Mar. 2008, Vol.58, No.2, p.138-140. 9 ref.
http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/58/2/138 [en inglés]

CIS 09-464 Powell D., Spencer M.B., Holland D., Petrie K.J.
Fatigue in two-pilot operations: Implications for flight and duty time limitations
Fatigue is an important consideration in two-pilot commercial flights as there is little opportunity for in-flight rest. This study investigated the role of duty length and time of day on fatigue. Pilots flying two-pilot operations ranging from 3-12h completed fatigue ratings prior to descent at the end of each flight over a 12-week period. A total of 3023 usable ratings were collected. It was found that time of day had a marked effect on the pattern of fatigue at the start of the duty and on the rate at which fatigue levels increased, with the highest levels in the circadian low (from 2 to 6 a.m.). Fatigue also increased with the length of duty and was 0.56 points higher at the end of a two-sector compared with a single-sector duty. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2008, Vol.79, No.11, p.1047-1050. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 09-473 Takayama L., Nass C.
Assessing the effectiveness of interactive media in improving drowsy driver safety
A total of 79 participants used a driving simulator while interacting with a language-learning system that was either passive (drivers merely listen to phrases in another language) or interactive (drivers verbally repeat those phrases). Participants included drowsy and non-drowsy drivers, on both monotonous and varied driving courses. Among the main findings: drowsy drivers preferred and drove more safely with interactive media; the interactive media did not negatively affect non-drowsy driver safety; drivers drove more safely on varied driving courses than on monotonous ones. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Human Factors, Oct. 2008, Vol.50, No.5, p.772-781. 65 ref.

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