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1977

CIS 78-577 Bibliography on major aspects of the humanisation of work and the quality of working life.
This bibliography contains approx. 2,000 titles, with priority to literature of the last 10 years. Titles are indicated in the original language with an English translation. An abstract is provided in many cases. The main aspects covered are the relationship between working conditions and job satisfaction, new forms of work organisation, and economic costs and benefits of these new organisational work forms. Other aspects are: traditional work organisation; attitudes and policies towards work organisation and the quality of working life; shop-floor participation; flexible working hours and other time arrangements; industrial work environment and physical conditions of work; general literature; other bibliographies. Author index.
International Labour Office, CH-1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1977. 289p. Price: SF.20.00.

CIS 78-587 McKinnon R.
Job enrichment and its implications for safety.
This article considers the boredom and frustration of assembly line work as a cause of serious industrial hazards, and reports on job enrichment efforts undertaken in a car and truck manufacturing plant in Sweden (new plant and equipment costing tens of millions of kronor; workers' participation in decision-making; practical examples of work humanisation, etc.). Description of a new multi-cornered, 2-level plant at Kalmar, with a total floor surface of some 40,000², but incorporating the atmosphere of a number of small workshops on account of its hexagonal shape. Other aspects considered: reduction in noise levels (mean: 65dB(A)); role of the new assembly wagon, replacing the former fixed-speed assembly line; reduction in psychological stress, etc.
Occupational Safety and Health, Oct. 1977, Vol.7, No.10, p.8-10. Illus.

CIS 78-291 Mertens A.
Council of workers' delegates and labour inspection
Betriebsrat und Gewerbeaufsicht [en alemán]
Commentary on the functions and competences of councils of workers' delegates in respect of occupational safety and health (OSH) as laid down by the Works Constitution Act of 1972 (Fed.Rep. of Germany). Workers' delegates must see that safety instructions are observed and assist labour inspectors. Inspectors must consult workers' delegates during inspections, accident inquiries and discussions concerning OSH. Functions of the delegates' council studied in the article: requests to management to adopt safety measures, right to participate, obligation to assist the competent authority in OSH matters, right to obtain information from management and authorities, right to assist labour inspectors.
Arbeitsschutz, Jan. 1977, Vol.1, p.3-9. 12 ref.

1976

CIS 77-1196 Caruso A., Chiantaretto A., Paisio B., Perucca R.
From the homogenous group to occupational safety - A system of worker surveillance of workplace environmental hazards and health
Dal gruppo omogeneo alla prevenzione - Strumenti di controllo operaio sulla nocività ambientale e sulla salute [en italiano]
This report describes the authors' experience in campaigning for safety-mindedness in management and employees; both parties should become increasingly aware of the necessity for a common and overall approach to positive occupational safety and health attitudes, or at least a united effort to reduce health hazards at the workplace - in this particular instance a coremaking shop in the foundry of an Italian motor vehicle plant: background - trade union action; investigation of health hazards by group question sheets and seminar on occupational medicine; description of a coremaking shop and production cycle; analysis of the experiment: from question sheet to health hazard card; considerations on health hazard factors; conclusions: from worker surveillance of health hazards to health supervision. Model question sheets, texts of collective agreements concluded or proposed, results of medical examinations, etc. are appended.
Assessorato Sicurezza Sociale e Sanità, Regione Piemonte, Torino. Industria Grafica Sifea, Via Susa 7, Torino, Italy, 1976. 299p. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 77-1195 Labour Code of the RSFSR
Kodeks zakonov o trude RSFSR [en ruso]
Consolidated text, as of 1 Sep. 1975, of the operative articles of the Labour Code of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (the largest Republic in the Soviet Union): general provisions; collective agreement; contact of employment; guarantees and compensation; labour discipline; occupational safety and health (safety by design, prohibition of work processes where occupational safety and health regulations are not observed, obligations of plant management, safety taining for workers, accident investigations, supply of personal protective equipment, etc.); employment of women and young persons; role of trade unions and worker participation; social security; labour inspection. Schedule: supplementary provisions.
ILO Legislative Series, Izdatel'stvo "Juridečeskaja literatura", ul. Čkalova 38-40, 103064 Moskva K-64, USSR, 1976. 119p. Price: Rbl.0.40. (English, French and Spanish translations in 1971-USSR 1, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland).

CIS 76-1182 Montuschi L.
The right to health and organisation of work
Diritto alla salute e organizzazione del lavoro [en italiano]
This monograph, with its numerous detailed footnotes, presents a critical review of the status of occupational health legislation in Italy. Chapter 1 is devoted to the problems arising out of the different interests involved in the labour world. Chapter 2 delineates the legal framework of the problem: contradictions in the interpretation of the Civil Code of 1942, judicial decisions, outdated provisions, control instruments, etc. Chapter 3 examines the influence of collective agreements: workers' participation etc. In the last chapter various health reforms, regarded as positive elements of the situation, are reviewed.
Published by Franco Angeli Editore, Casella Postale 4294, Milano, Italy, 1976. 215p. 573 ref. Price: L.4,800.

1975

CIS 78-564 Petersen D.
Safety management - A human approach
This book attempts to relate the knowledge and theory of the behavioural sciences to the practical application of safety management, to the role of the safety manager in identifying how and why accidents occur and to the installation of controls to limit their happening. Subjects treated include: principles of safety management (domino theory versus multiple causation, causes of frequency and severity); role of behavioural scientists; incongruency theory; motivation-hygiene theory; determinants of supervisor safety performance; role of top management, middle management and staff; safety climate in the company; management styles; leadership styles; organisation of a safety programme; communications; achieving safe behaviour (proneness and causation theories); behaviour modification; training; future trends. Index.
Published by Aloray, Fairview, New Jersey 07022, USA, 1975. 395p. 125 ref.

CIS 77-890 Andreoni D.
Prevention in the industrialised countries
Prevenire nei paesi industriali [en italiano]
An introduction on present trends in approaches to occupational safety and health is followed by a study, for Austria, Belgium, France, Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ireland, Germany (Dem.Rep.), Germany (Fed.Rep.), USSR and USA, of public organisation (legislation, inspectorates, prevention activities, collaboration between inspectorate and prevention institutions); controls or inspections of plant or machinery subject to particular standards; hazardous and approved machinery; in-plant organisation; training, guidance, propaganda; research and documentation; activity, hazards, special measures concerning agriculture, construction, safety exhibitions, technical standards, etc.; private activity, possible trends.
Ente Nazionale Prevenzione Infortuni, via Alessandria 220E, 00198 Roma, Italy, 1975. 83p.

CIS 77-595 Labour Code (consolidated text of the Labour Code, incorporating the latest amendments and additions)
Zákoník práce (úplné znění zákoníku práce, jak vyplývá z pozdějších zákonných změn a doplňků) [en checo]
Consolidated text of the Czechoslovak Labour Code, dated 18 June 1975 (entry into force of latest amendments: 1 July 1975). Sections 132-138 lay down the basic principles of the law concerning occupational safety and health (OSH): concern for OSH should be an essential element in the planning and implementation of new production tasks, etc.; OSH requirements should form the basis for the preparation of Czechoslovak national standards; all primary and higher-level organisations and central authorities are required to ascertain the causes of employment accidents and occupational diseases; all organisations are required to provide personal protective equipment for workers free of charge; managerial responsibility for compliance with OSH requirements; material incentives to improve OSH arrangements; workers' participation in ensuring OSH (use of safety equipment and devices; worker participation in education and training schemes; notifying superiors or the authorities of any potentially hazardous defects or irregularities; etc.); public supervision by the revolutionary trade union movement; OSH in co-operatives; technical supervision by the State.
Sbírka zákonů, 18 June 1975, No.16, p.231-289. (English, French and Spanish translations published in Legislative Series, 1975-Cz.2, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland).

CIS 76-1793 Egan B.
Safety policies - How to write and enforce them.
Guidelines for British employers and workers' representatives as to how an organisation should approach the formulation of a safety policy, referring to the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Robens Report. Construction of a safety policy (role of the company executive; availability of safety information; consultation with the workforce; documentation; safety policy in multi-operation organisations; responsibilities of management, of safety representatives and of individual employees; directors' reports and safety statements). Appendices to this digest are devoted to: guidelines for safety audits (laws, regulations, preparatory documents, sources of advice and information, responsibilities, safety advisers and officers, safety representatives and committees, first aid, fire precautions, housekeeping, accident and safety training records, examples of safety policies, addresses of local enforcement authorities).
Commercial Publishing Company, 1076 Harrow Road, London NW10 5NL, United Kingdom, 1975. 52p. Illus. Price: £3.00.

CIS 76-1167 Baneryd K., Kjellén U.
Safety in the Swedish explosives industry - Alternative approaches to safety at work and some results from an attitude study of explosives workers and supervisors.
This report contains a short description of the Swedish explosives industry and accident statistics (1962-1973). The present safety philosophy of the industry is described (safety work carried out by experts) and motives for an alternative safety approach (employees to be involved in control and planning of safety work) are discussed. A study of the attitudes of 600 workers and supervisors indicates problems of information and communication concerning safety. There is low morale and low job satisfaction among the workers. It appears there is a conflict between the organisation of production and safety systems and the workers' needs for independence and responsibility.
FOA Report A 20007-D1, Försvarets forskningsanstalt, Huvudenhet 2, 104 50 Stockholm 80, Sweden, Sep. 1975. 42p. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 76-859 Müller C.G., Schorr D., Werner D.
Occupational safety and health in the porcelain and fine ceramics industry
Arbeitsschutz in der Porzellan- und feinkeramischen Industrie [en alemán]
An outline of occupational safety and health problems in the fine ceramics industry (occupational accidents and diseases, toxic substances, dust, noise, heat, arduous work, lighting) is followed by a review of the latest state of technology and the necessary safety measures in the various departments of the main and secondary processes of fine ceramics production. A further chapter is devoted to safety problems in ancillary departments. The role of work studies and employee participation in the improvement of safety and health protection are discussed.
Verlag Tribüne, Am Treptower Park 28-30, x 1193 , 1975. 104p. Illus. 86 ref. Price: M.2.00.

CIS 76-592 Atherley G.R.C., Booth R.T., Kelly M.J.
Workers' involvement in occupational health and safety in Britain.
La participation des travailleurs en matière de sécurité et d'hygiène du travail au Royaume-Uni. [en francés]
Britain's new Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974, provides a basis for increased involvement of workers in the application and supervision of occupational health and safety measures, but the form this will take has not yet been spelt out. The authors examine the past and present situation with regard to such involvement and discuss the implications of the new legislation. The views of bodies with a major interest in health and safety at work are considered, and a distinction is drawn between political, social and economic approaches on the one hand and technical approaches on the other. A possible framework for workers' participation in safety is proposed and suggestions are made regarding the role of workers' representatives in this field.
International Labour Review - Revue internationale du Travail - Revista internacional del trabajo, June, 1975, Vol.3, No.6, p.469-482. 17 ref.

CIS 75-1445 Milanaccio A., Ricolfi L.
Prototype for a manual for constant detection and prevention of occupational health hazards, in relation to alternative working methods
Prototipo di manuale per la ricerca ed il controllo permanenti dei rischi e dei danni da lavoro, in funzione di una diversa organizzazione del lavoro [en italiano]
Model for occupational hygiene survey reports, based on the example of a survey carried out in the bodywork painting shop of a large motor car manufacturing plant: description of the work cycle, workers' skills, absenteeism; background and trends of work organisation; comments on improving working conditions, work relations and work organisation, on workers' participation, trade union action and workers' welfare. Maps showing harmful factors in a large-scale bodywork painting shop are appended.
Medicina dei lavoratori, Centro Ricerche e Documentazione Rischi e Danni da Lavoro, Via Tolmino 1, Roma, Italy, 1975. 96p. Illus. Price: L.1,000. (Offprint from Roma, 1975, No.1)

1974

CIS 75-1496 Occupational health: Organised labor steps up the pressure.
Report on how major USA trade unions (in particular, the United Auto Workers (UAW), the United Rubber Workers (URW), the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers' Union) and the International Chemical Workers' Union (ICWU) have won greater safety and health provisions in nation-wide collective agreements at industry level and are pressing for greater participation in occupational safety and health questions. Through agreements between the URW and several rubber companies in the USA and Canada, management will contribute 1 cent per 2h worked per union member to a health research fund. The International Union for Operating Engineers are pressing for a similar scheme: payment of 0.1 cent per manhour worked to finance a Construction Industry Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute; this would bring in $3.75 million. Also in the motor car industry, for instance, the UAW have signed an agreement with Chrysler management to set up a joint labour-management safety and health committee at each plant. Increased participation in safety and health matters obtained by the United Steelworkers and the ICWU are among other aspects reported.
Occupational Hazards, May 1974, Vol.3, No.5, p.74-78. Illus.

CIS 75-589 Kroes W.H., Quinn R.P.
Job stress: An unlisted occupational hazard.
Data were obtained from personal interviews with a representative national sample of 1,496 persons 16 years of age or older who worked 20h/week or more. 10 strain indicators, based on self-reports, were related to overall job stress and to each of 6 specific job stresses. The data reported provide evidence that psychological stress at work may be a potent factor in workers' physical and mental health. Although all 6 stresses considered in this study appeared to play some role in workers' physical and mental health, the stress of "non-participation" seemed to be a particularly important one.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1974, Vol.16, No.10, p.659-661. 10 ref.

CIS 75-262 Nilsson B., Ranhagen U.
Industrial work environment - Design of working areas and premises according to the workers' needs
Industriell arbetsmiljö. Underlag för utformning av arbetsområden och arbetslokaler utifrån de arbetandes krav [en sueco]
Up to the present, industrial premises have been primarily planned with a view to increasing production. There are, however, many microclimatic, social and psychogical problems in a work environment which have a direct impact on the design of industrial buildings. The object of this thesis is to provide theoretical and practical aids for creating a work environment which fulfils the needs of those who work in it. To achieve this, direct co-operation between designers and users is paramount. The means required for designing ideal work environments and the design principles are dealt with and illustrated by practical examples. (A 6-page summary in English is appended).
Skrift 1974:4, Institutionen för Arkitektur, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, 1974. 420p. Illus. Price: Swe-cr.40.00.

CIS 74-2066 Heidberg H.S., Masanke H.
Occupational safety: Management policy and co-determination - Example of a works agreement
Arbeitssicherheit: Unternehmenspolitik und Mitbestimmung im Spiegel einer Betriebsvereinbarung [en alemán]
Introductory comments by a member of the board of the directors and the chairman of the works council are followed by the full text of the agreement, which stipulates that both management and the workers' representatives shall undertake to use every possible means to achieve and maintain the highest level of safety. The agreement spells out the obligations of management and of the works council, as well as those of the safety officer and safety committee. Composition, powers and duties of joint bodies; bodies having competence for implementing and enforcing safety measures adopted; general obligations (especially as regards personal protection).
Sicherheitsingenieur, Jan. 1974, Vol.5, No.1, p.8-13. Illus.

1973

CIS 74-2065 Mantovani G., Di Naro C., Cesa-Bianchi M.
Training for safety: notes on methodology and experience at the shop floor level
A proposito di formazione alla sicurezza: appunti metodologici ed esperienze di applicazione sul campo a livello operaio [en italiano]
The authors propose a systematic approach to the problem of occupational safety incorporating the most recent research in ergonomics carried out by the Commission of European Communities. This approach seems the most appropriate one, from the theoretical and practical viewpoint, for the study of man-machine systems and for the introduction of new production processes. Any accident, whether caused by human or technical factors, can provide information on the structure and functioning of a production system. Comments on the usefulness of trainng experience, particularly at the worker's level, to promote effective workers' participation in order to increase safe working methods in the production system in which they are employed. This objective can be achieved only by safer behaviour on the part of the workers, together with increased awareness of the possibilities of applying ergonomics to the layout of a production process. On the basis of these considerations, the authors have drawn up a safety training method and describe the experience gained in an iron and steel works.
Securitas, 1973, No.4, p.449-486. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 74-1189 Harvey B.
Address to the 1973 National Industrial Safety Study Conference.
The Chief Inspector of Factories stresses the rapidly changing attitudes of society toward conditions of work in general and occupational accidents and diseases in particular. He considers the role of management and workers and discusses how labour inspection must adjust to the changing pattern of technology and risk by the process of selective inspection and by improving its professionalism.
Proceedings of the National Industrial Safety Study Conference 1973, Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, Royal Oak Centre, Brighton Road, Purley, Surrey CR2 2UR, United Kingdom, 1973, p.5-8.

CIS 74-1185 Shafai-Sahrai Y.
Determinants of occupational injury experience - A study of matched pairs of companies.
A study to determine factors which influence the variability of injury frequency rates in different industries and within the same industry. Data were gathered from 11 matched pairs of similar small firms in 11 different industries, with one of the firms in each pair having a relatively better occupational injury experience than the other firm. An explanation of the methodology of the study is followed by sections devoted to the influences of management, environmental conditions and employees on occupational safety. It is concluded that a good safety record is not the result of chance. The research material, questionnaire and statistical tests used by the author are appended.
Graduate School of Business Administration, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA, 1973. 113p. Illus. 91 ref. Price: US-$4.50.

1971

CIS 72-1945 Krasnov L.M.
Safety at work - Experience in an engineering works
Bezopasnost' truda - Iz opyta raboty mašinostroitel'nogo zavoda [en ruso]
Individual sections are devoted to: in-plant safety organisation; principles of safety work (initial and on-the-job training, testing knowledge of safety regulations); safety duties of plant management and workers; safety at particularly dangerous workposts (overhead travelling cranes, machine guarding, use of compressed gas and radioactive isotopes, in-plant transport); starting up new or converted machinery; discipline; safety supervision; accident investigation and reporting; occupational hygiene and workplace decoration; role of the community in ensuring safe working conditions. Appendices contain forms for the approval of certain type of work, and accident reports.
Izdatel'stvo Mašinostroenie, 1-j Basmannyj per. 3, Moskva B-66, USSR, 1971. 88p. Illus. Price: Rbl.0.25.

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