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1976

CIS 76-976 Fraser T.M., Smiley A.M., Mottershead B.E.
Human response to buffeting in an all-terrain vehicle.
Presentation and discussion of the results of tests conducted with a small, 6-wheel, all-terrain vehicle over a rough track to determine the nature and size of the vibrations transmitted to the seat of the vehicle, and to the hips and head of the driver. Acceleration peaks, rates of onset, durations, frequency ranges and spectral distribution were measured. The results suggest that the permissible limit set by ISO Standard 2631-1974 (CIS 75-677) for exposures greater than 1 minute was exceeded.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1976, Vol.47, No.1, p.9-16. Illus. 7 ref.

1975

CIS 77-390 Noise measurement at the workpost of operators of tractors and agricultural machinery
Mesure du bruit à la place de travail de l'opérateur sur les tracteurs et les machines agricoles. [en francés]
This standard, which applies to all self-propelled agricultural machinery (including pedestrian-controlled equipment) contains specifications concerning instrumentation, measurement, characteristics of test site, microphone position and sound analysis. Special rules applicable according to the category of machine (tractor, self-propelled machine, pedestrian-controlled machine).
Norme française homologuée NF S 31-041, French Standards Association (Association française de normalisation), Tour Europe, 92080 Paris-la-Défense Cedex 7, France, Oct. 1975. 6p.

CIS 77-14 Vehicle inspection lifts
Billøftere [en noruego]
These rules (entry into force: 1 Sep. 1976) apply to various types of vehicle inspection lifts (hydraulic or wire-rope, chain or screw-jack-operated). Contents: built-in safety at the design stage (elimination of crushing zones, protection against accidental descent, etc.); maximum lifting height (2m), maximum lifting and lowering speeds (0.2m/s); choice and features of lifting equipment; design and layout of controls; guarding devices against accidental descent; safe distances; operating and maintenance.
Verneregler Nr.32, Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet), Postboks 8103, Oslo-Dep., Norway, 26 Sep. 1975. 12p. Illus. Gratis.

CIS 77-38 American national standard safety specification for snow throwers.
This standard is applicable to power snow throwers controlled by a riding or walking operator and to their tractors (if the machines are not self-propelled); it does not apply to snow ploughs and other similar equipment used by highway departments, for instance. Topics dealt with include: definitions, controls, guards and shields, servicing, electrical equipment, markings, sound level limits and measurement, testing and safety rules.
ANSI B71.3-1975, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018, USA. Standard approved on 7 Feb. 1975. 23p. Illus. 15 ref. Price: US-$5.00.

CIS 77-76 Soininen H.
Whole body vibration: A literature review
Koko kehon tärinä - Kirjallisuuskatsaus [en finlandés]
Vehicle vibration is considered either to cause degenerative changes to the back or to aggravate existing back disorders. Lack of control groups decreases the validity of published experiments. Gastric ulcer and radiographic indications of stomach disorders are prevalent in drivers of heavy vehicles. A causal relation has not been established between vibration and upper abdominal disorders. Vertical sinusoidal vibration has been the main concern of experiments; random vibration should be studied, as well as horizontal and rotational vibration and vibration of frequency under 2.5Hz. A summary in English is appended.
Työterveyslaitoksen tutkimuksia 116, Julkaisuja voi tilata Työterveyslaitoksen julkaisutoimistosta, os, Laajaniityntie 1, 01620 Vantaa 62, Finland, 1975. 50p. Illus. 91 ref. Price: F-mk.10.00.

CIS 77-266 Earthmoving machinery - Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope.
Engins de terrassement - Dimensions ergonomiques des conducteurs et espace enveloppe minimal. [en francés]
This international standard defines the dimensions of operators of earthmoving machinery (2 categories: large and small operator) and specifies the minimum normal operating space envelope for operator enclosures (cabs) generally used on earthmoving machinery (in sitting and standing position).
International standard ISO 3411-1975(E), International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1 Apr. 1975. 6p. Illus. Price: SF.15.00.

CIS 76-1823 Johnson G.A., Forshey D.R.
Automatic fire protection systems for large haulage vehicles - Prototype development and in-mine testing.
Report on 2 automatic fire-sensing and fire-fighting systems, protecting the engine compartment and brake grid areas, and the engine compartment and fuel tank areas, respectively. Both have thermal and optical fire-sensing devices and the possibility of manual control. Both use pressurised B-C class dry chemical as the extinguishing agent. They are flexible in design and can be modified for use on other mobile mining equipment. Prototypes have been subjected to long-term in-mine testing on which the booklet briefly reports.
Information Circular 8683, Bureau of Mines, Publications Distribution Branch, 4800 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA, 1975. 16p. Illus. Price: US-$0.80.

CIS 76-2020 Suppelt H.J.
Present situation regarding safety aspects of the design of road rollers, tampers and other soil compacting equipment
Stand der Sicherheitstechnik bei Strassenwalzen und Bodenverdichtern [en alemán]
A reminder of the statutory obligation to employ only road rollers equipped with a stopping device is followed by observations made on the following aspects of soil compacting equipment - in Germany (Fed.Rep.) - as determined by tests carried out by the Mutual Accident Insurance Association for the Construction Industries: guarding of transmission elements; access; handrails; guard rails and toeboards to prevent falls; nonskid flooring; driver's seat; safety locking on driver's cab door when ajar; visibility; starting devices; burn hazards; hand guards; ignition fuse; anchoring lugs for slings; coupling devices; articulated chassis; accessibility for easy maintenance.
Tiefbau-Berufsgenossenschaft, Nov. 1975, No.11, p.574-589. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 76-1803 Courcol.
Design of trucks and tanks to reduce the hazard of falls from heights
La conception des camions et des citernes contre les risques de chutes de hauteur. [en francés]
Communication to the Regional Technical Committee for Transports and Goods Handling (Comité technique régional des transports et de la manutention), Lille, France. Contents: review of accident statistics; tanks (construction, positioning and fixing, etc. of access ladders); prevention of accidents when working or moving on top of tank (non-slip-surface walkways, toeboards); trucks and trailers (egress from driver's cab and descent from truck frame; access; securing and removal of tarpaulins, lowering and securing of tail- and side-boards, etc.); trucks and trailers for vehicle transport. The all-too frequent inadequacy of the equipment for access and for working on the top and sides of these vehicles, referred to in this communication, constitutes a hazard factor which makes bad working conditions even worse.
Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie du Nord de la France, 11 boulevard Vauban, 59024 Lille Cedex, France, 9 Oct. 1975. 9p. Gratis.

CIS 76-1780 Earthmoving machinery - Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope
Engins de terrassement - Dimensions ergonomiques des conducteurs et espace-enveloppe minimal. [en francés]
This standard which is in technical conformity with ISO International Standard 3411 on the same subject, defines the dimensions of operators of earth moving machinery (2 categories: large and small operator) and specifies the minimum normal operating space envelope for operator enclosures (cabs) generally used on earth moving machinery (in sitting and standing position).
Norme française homologuée NF E 58-058, French Standards Association (Association française de normalisation), Tour Europe, 92080 Paris-la-Défense Cedex 7, France, Nov. 1975. 6p. Illus. Price: FF.21.00.

CIS 76-1752 Safety requirements for refuse collection and compaction equipment.
This standard, co-sponsored by the American Public Works Association and the National Solid Wastes Management Association, applies to mobile and stationary equipment for receiving, compacting, transporting and unloading refuse. General definitions and definitions of equipment are followed by requirements concerning the construction, reconstruction, modification, care and maintenance, and operation of this equipment. Sections are devoted to safeguards and features for mobile equipment and for stationary compaction equipment (access covers; access door interlock; compactor container locking mechanism; controls; electrical systems; guarding; locking system; safety markings).
ANSI Z245.1-1975, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018, USA. Standard approved on 16 Oct. 1975. 23p. Illus. Price: US-$4.50.

CIS 76-1284 Frolova T.P.
Particular effects of vibration on blood circulation in female lower abdominal organs at different phases of the menstrual cycle
Osobennosti vozdejstvija vibracii na krovosnabženie organov malogo taza ženščin v raznye periody menstrual'nogo cikla [en ruso]
An occupational health survey of 30 young women agricultural tractor drivers showed that low-frequency vibration, to which these women were occupationally exposed, caused blood circulation disorders in the lower abdominal organs. These disorders were evidenced by stasis phenomena, ascribed to veinous dysfunction due to the effect of vibration. The most pronounced circulatory impairment was observed during menstruation. The author recommends that women tractor drivers should be given a lighter workload during menstruation or be temporarily transferred to other work not involving exposure to vibration, during these periods.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1975, No.12, p.14-18. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 76-1428 Duverger J.
The Bordeaux bypass - Construction of bridges along the Garonne
Rocade de Bordeaux - Construction des viaducs en bordure de la Garonne. [en francés]
Description of the construction worksite for 2,835m of motorway, comprising an embankment and a bridge, on the left bank of the Garonne. The work had to be finished within 16 months, and details of its organisation are given. Construction of the bridges was achieved without a single serious incident or accident, thanks to a number of devices especially developed for the worksite: walkway providing access to the pile-driver mast; walkways for access to the pile tops to complete the supporting structures; rotators for the prefabricated box-type cross girders, obviating the use of slings; spreaders adapted for lifting each cross-girder and adjusting its position, and articulated spreaders for positioning reinforcement bars; walkways placed alongside the cross girders. This rationally designed equipment permitted extremely rapid work with safety (for example, positioning of a cross girder in less than 10min). This is thus a significant example of safety built into the work method.
Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, July-Oct. 1975, No.4-5, p.162-169. Illus.

CIS 76-1436 Arhangel'skij Ju.A., Kogan Ė.I., Hajkin V.A.
Occupational safety and fire protection in road transport undertakings
Ohrana truda i protivopožarnaja zaščita na avtomobil'nom transporte [en ruso]
Contents: Soviet occupational safety and health regulations; occupational safety and health organisation; training in occupational safety and health; notification and statistics of occupational accidents; analysis of occupational accidents and diseases; safety rules for garages and maintenance and repair shops; personal protective equipment; ventilation, heating and lighting; noise and vibration; layout and design of workposts and workers' welfare; safe work with compressed gases and gaseous fuels; antifreeze mixtures, brake fluids, acids, etc.; prevention of accidents during loading and unloading, and transport; pressure vessels and equipment under pressure; electrical safety; fire protection.
Izdatel'stvo "Transport", Basmannyj tup. 6a, Moskva B-174, USSR, 1975. 176p. Illus. Price: Rbl.0.55.

CIS 76-979 Von Gierke H.E.
Vibration and combined stresses in advanced systems.
This volume contains the 28 papers and related discussions presented at the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) Aerospace Medical Panel Specialists' Meeting on 'Vibration and Combined Stresses in Advanced Systems' held at Oslo, Norway, 22-23 April 1974. The papers cover operational vibration environments and their effects on the capabilities of the crew of aircraft, land vehicles and ships; the physiological effects and potential injuries resulting from short term as well as chronic vibration exposure; the performance effects of vibration and combined stresses; biodynamic models to explain and predict responses to vibration; and vibration exposure standards for practical use. Related subjects such as exposure to infrasound and communication by the tactile sense in place of hearing are also covered. A technical evaluation by the editor summarising the main findings and conclusions and outlining future requirements and recommendations completes the proceedings.
AD-A010 673/2WJ, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, USA, Mar. 1975. 260p. Illus. 448 ref. Price: Photocopy US-$8.50/Microfiche US-$2.25.

CIS 76-785 Pandya K.P., Rao G.S., Ohasmana A., Zaidi S.H.
Occupational exposure of petrol pump workers.
Environmental and biochemical tests were carried out in 21 filling stations and among 51 filling station attendants in the Lucknow area in India to determine the risks attached to the handling of petrol in hot weather in a tropical country. The findings are compared with those of similar surveys conducted in temperate countries. It is concluded that exposure to benzene (the petrol contained 10-17% benzene) is hazardous in hot weather and that the workers concerned should be informed of the toxic nature of petrol vapours and the need to avoid inhalation.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Dec. 1975, Vol.18, No.4, p.363-364. 9 ref.

CIS 76-807 Bornand E., Lob M.
Influence of work on health: study of a group of express motorway roadmen and a group of roadmen working on main and secondary roads
Répercussion de l'activité professionnelle sur l'état de santé: étude d'un collectif de cantonniers de l'autoroute et d'un collectif de cantonniers des routes nationales et secondaires. [en francés]
The authors examined 42 roadmen aged between 28 and 58 (average age 44), 14 of whom were employed on express motorways and 28 on main and secondary roads. The examinations did not reveal any overall health impairment. However, a highly significant difference was observed between the arterial tension parameters (systolic and diastolic) of roadmen very much exposed to noise and those of a random male population aged 45-54 years. The incidence of hypertension was also greater among the roadmen severely exposed to noise (express motorway roadmen) than among those less exposed. Numerous cases of hearing loss were also observed at frequencies of 4,000 and 6,000Hz, among the motorway roadmen. Changes in lung function and carboxyhaemoglobin levels were linked to smoking habits, and not to the working conditions. Blood lead levels were equivalent to those found in an urban population.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, July-Aug. 1975, Vol.36, No.7-8, p.385-395. 18 ref.

CIS 76-849
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften), Bonn, May 1975.
Safety rules for vehicle maintenance
Sicherheitsregeln für die Fahrzeug-Instandhaltung [en alemán]
These rules, which apply to all types of motorised land and air transport vehicles (trailers, agricultural machinery, railbound vehicles, power shovels, mobile cranes and power trucks, etc.), deal with the following points: exits, windows, doors and passageways; overhaul pits and underground installations; electrical equipment; fire and explosion protection; health protection; devices to prevent unexpected movement of vehicles; vehicle inspection lifts and work on them; inflation of tyres; wheel-balancing; brake test benches; fuelling; driving of vehicles.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Gereonstrasse 18-32, 5 Köln 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.). 32p. Price: DM.2.50.

CIS 76-879 Šaptala A.A., Matvienko N.T., Gunin V.I.
Continuous recording of the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and the neuromuscular apparatus of the eye during lorry driving
Sostojanie ėlektrookulogrammy i ėlektričeskoj aktivnosti kory golovnogo mozga u voditelej avtotransporta v uslovijah nepreryvnoj registracii vo vremja dviženija avtomobilija [en ruso]
Results of electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrooculographic (EOG) recordings of 2 bus drivers during 5-6h driving. Changes in the graphs are a function of the amount of traffic and of functional disorders of the central nervous system. Analysis of the EEG and EOG graphs leads to evaluation of superior nervous activity and also the pattern and amount of fatigue. The authors propose use of these data for optimisation of driving schedules and for establishing rational work-rest schedules.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Feb. 1975, No.2, p.15-18. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 76-835
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften), Bonn, May 1975.
Safety rules for road rollers and compacting equipment
Sicherheitsregeln für den Betrieb von Strassenwalzen und Bodenverdichtern [en alemán]
These safety rules apply to rider- and pedestrian-controlled road rollers, plate vibrators, high-frequency vibrators, and frog rammers: driving, transport, maintenance and inspection.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Gereonstrasse 18-32, 5 Köln 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.). 8p. Price: DM.0.60.

CIS 76-502 Directives for tractor safety cabs offering protection against overturning
Forskrifter for styrtsikre førerværn til traktorer [en danés]
These directives, which came into force on 1 Nov. 1975, apply to 4-wheeled tractors (minimum 0.5t) and track-mounted tractors. They contain rules for approval of safety cabs and strength tests in accordance with the OECD code, construction and layout criteria (access, minimum of 3 exits, windows, ventilation, etc.), and rules for approval of modifications and repairs.
Publikation nr.57, Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet), Rosenvængets Allé 16-18, 2100 København, Denmark, Sep. 1975. 8p. Gratis.

CIS 76-575 Paluszkiewicz L., Kwiatkowski S., Leleno E., Markiewicz L., Traciłowska B.
Psychophysiological principles applicable to the design of the controls of certain machines
Założenia psychofizjologiczne do projektowania elementów obsługowych, stosowanych w konstrukcji wybranych maszyn [en polonés]
Results of the first series of a programme of experiments carried out with a group of workers on a specially designed mock-up of an operator's cabin in which the position of the driver's seat, pedals, a manually-operated lever and a steering wheel could be altered vertically or horizontally or set at different angles. The evaluation criteria adopted covered: comfort, rapidity of movements, pressure force on pedals, muscular tonus (EMG) and maximum reach. The information obtained can be used in seat design and layout of controls. The second series of experiments envisaged is aimed at formulating recommendations for the optimum design and layout of drivers' cabs for industrial trucks and multi-purpose machines.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1975, Vol.25, No.84, p.23-39. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 76-500
Gesellschaft für Arbeitshygiene und Arbeitsschutz in der DDR, Sektion Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Kopernikusstrasse 32, 1502 Potsdam-Babelsberg.
Ergonomic standards in agriculture - Power driven agricultural machinery and tractors
Ergonomische Standards in der Landwirtschaft - Selbstfahrende Landmaschinen und Traktoren [en alemán]
Record of proceedings of an international conference organised by the International Association for Rural Medicine and the International Commission for Agricultural Engineering (Potsdam, German Democratic Republic, 6-10 May 1974). The communications presented and the ensuing discussions were devoted to 3 broad subjects: noise, mechanical whole-body vibrations and the design of drivers' seats. These subjects were considered from the point of view of occupational medicine, standardisation and ergonomics. The following aspects were also covered: measurement and evaluation of noise and vibration; hearing damage, anthropometric aspects; physiological aspects in assessment of agricultural machinery.
Potsdam, German Democratic Republic, 1975, Special No. 95p. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 76-529 Lefèvre J.
Braking of vehicles
Le freinage des véhicules. [en francés]
Commentary on the French Order of 14 Nov. 1972 regarding approval by the European Economic Community of motor vehicles (including trolley buses), full trailers, semitrailers and vehicle rigs in respect of their braking system. Presentation of various braking systems (service and emergency brakes; brakes on trailers; parking brakes; slowing-down devices) and the conditions to be met. Rules for driving and for maintenance of these systems.
Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, Mar.-Apr. 1975, No.2, p.93-97. Illus.

CIS 76-550 Health and safety guide for service stations.
Illustrating by humorous drawings and instructive sketches, this booklet aims to assist in providing a safe and healthy workplace by describing safe practices and encouraging compliance with the U.S. health and safety regulations. Chief contents: health and safety guidelines (general, power tools, ramp area and pump island, hydraulic vehicle lifts, tow trucks); frequently violated regulations (walking and working surfaces; exits; environmental control; hazardous materials; personal protective equipment; sanitation; fire protection; compressed air equipment; machine guarding - table top grinders, bench grinders, fans, air compressors -; hand and portable power tools; welding, cutting and brazing; electrical requirements); recordkeeping; checklists; information sources.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)75-139, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Feb. 1975. 65p. Illus.

CIS 76-574 Gamst F.C.
Human factors analysis of the diesel-electric locomotive cab.
Control cabs of diesel-electric locomotives have evolved from steam locomotive cabs without systematic study. The author reports on the results of a 6-year qualitative analysis involving the design and arrangement of displays and controls and the quality of the work environment (visibility, noise, vibration, ventilation, noxious substances and sanitary facilities) in the cabs of diesel-electric locomotives. The data presented were collected by prolonged field observation. The findings are discussed and recommendations are made to remedy the numerous and serious shortcomings and constraints brought to light by this study.
Human Factors, Apr. 1975, Vol.17, No.2, p.149-156. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 76-510 Health and safety guide for auto repair and body shops.
Illustrated by humorous drawings and instructive sketches, this booklet aims to assist in providing a safe and healthy workplace by describing safe practices and encouraging compliance with the U.S. health and safety regulations. Chief contents: health and safety guidelines (general, tow trucks, hydraulic vehicle lifts, tyre-changing equipment); frequently violated regulations (walking and working surfaces, exits, environmental control, hazardous materials, spray paint operations, personal protective equipment, sanitation, fire protection, compressed air equipment, machine guarding - table top grinders, bench grinders, fans, air compressors -; hand and portable power tools; welding, cutting and brazing; electrical requirements); recordkeeping; checklists; information sources.
HEW Publication No.(NIOSH)75-136, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Feb. 1975. 64p. Illus.

CIS 76-80 Williams D., Tempest W.
Noise in heavy goods vehicles.
Measurements carried out in new and in-service trucks have shown high levels of audible and infrasonic noise in the cabs, the typical maxima being 92 and 112dBA per octave band, respectively. The tests were carried out under normal motorway driving conditions at speeds of 48, 64 and 80km/h. Special attention was devoted to the infrasonic region down to 2Hz. High levels of infrasound exist in the cabs; these levels are possibly influenced by cab ventilation and by road speed. The data obtained, which include information supplied by manufacturers in various countries, are discussed from the points of view of hearing loss, impaired vigilance and possible dangers arising from infrasound.
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 8 Nov. 1975, Vol.43, No.1, p.97-107. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 76-233 Safe operating practice for asphalt pavement construction
This standard, sponsored by the National Safety Council and the American Road Builders' Association, applies to operations involving asphalt (bituminous) paving mixtures and materials for pavement construction, resurfacing, and general maintenance. There are sections devoted to traffic hazards and employee safety (traffic control; paving crew; backing vehicles; vehicle drivers; traffic pattern; paving site illumination) and equipment hazards and employee safety (machine function hazards; fire and explosion prevention; fall hazards; electrical hazards; burn hazards; dust and fume hazards; noise hazards; material flow control system; personal protective equipment; sanitary provisions; medical provisions; daily shutdown of the site).
ANSI A10.17-1975, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018, USA. Standard approved on 22 Jan. 1975. 11p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: US-$3.50.

CIS 76-261
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften), Bonn, Nov. 1974.
Principles to be observed in preventive medical examinations - Hazards of work involving driving, or controlling or supervising industrial processes
Berufsgenossenschaftliche Grundsätze für arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorgeuntersuchungen - Gefährdung durch Fahr-, Steuer- und Überwachungstätigkeiten [en alemán]
These principles are intended as guidelines in the preventive medical examination of persons engaged in work involving driving, or controlling or supervising industrial processes. They define these activities and the scope of pre-employment aptitude tests and periodic check-ups. The physical and mental requirements for these jobs are set out in tabular form. List of examination techniques and procedures.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, May 1975, Vol.10, No.5, p.102-1-6. 12 ref.

CIS 76-1 Regulations - Transport of persons as passengers in vehicles used for carrying goods
Réglementation - Transport du personnel dans les véhicules de transports de marchandises. [en francés]
French regulations for the protection of persons exceptionally authorised to travel as passengers in vehicles used for transporting goods are reproduced from the Highway Code and the Social Security Code, concerning: certificate of roadworthiness of these vehicles and authorisation of their use for this purpose; special adaptation of the vehicle (especially tip lorries); maintenance; periodic inspections; withdrawal of authorisation; marking of vehicles with operator's name and address, etc.; rules to be observed before starting vehicle.
Edition INRS No.176, National Institute for Research and Safety (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 10th edition, 1975. 32p.

CIS 75-2009 Agricultural machinery, instruments, equipment and tractors - Occupational safety and health, fire protection
Zemědělské stroje, nářadí, zařízení a traktory - Bezpečnost, ochrana zdraví při práci a požární ochrana [en checo]
This standard was approved on 30 May 1974 and entered into force on 1 July 1975. A number of definitions and general provisions are followed by specifications concerning: workpost (design, layout, access, working space, guard rails); driver's seat; hand controls and pedals, display panel; driver's cab and safety frame; visibility; lighting; harmful agents (gases, fumes, dust, aerosols, noise, vibration, meteorological conditions); stability; coupling devices; fire protection; maintenance, etc.
ČSN 47-0002, Bureau of Standards (Úřad pro normalizaci), Praha. Vydavatelstvi ÚNM, Hostivař, Praha 10, Czechoslovakia, 1975. 26p. Price: Kcs.7.00.

CIS 75-2066 Korth U.
Ergonomic design of trucks
Ergonomische Anforderungen an Lastkraftwagen [en alemán]
Evaluation criteria to be considered: dimensions and design of driver's seat, static and dynamic comfort, layout of controls and effort required, noise, exhaust, gases. In the light of these criteria a number of commercial vehicles available at present are examined, especially from the viewpoint of women drivers. Criticisms are levelled mainly at the adjustment of the driving seat and the effort required to operate the pedals and gear lever. The physical effort required for certain operations (fixing tarpaulins, attaching snow chains, changing tyres, coupling trailers) would suggest that driving heavy trucks or trailer vehicles is an unsuitable employment for women.
Sicher ist Sicher, July-Aug. 1975, Vol.26, No.7-8, p.314-322. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 75-1579 Köhl U.
Hazards of tractor driving - A survey in the Canton of Vaud
Les dangers encourus par les conducteurs de tracteurs - Une enquête dans le canton de Vaud. [en francés]
Following a theoretical review of the problem of vibrations in tractors and a short literature survey, the author presents the results of a questionnaire survey of 582 Swiss farmers, which disclosed a statistical correlation between the age at which tractor driving was commenced and the subsequent incidence of back pain; young persons who commenced before age 14 were particularly affected. Clinical examination of 49 tractor drivers showed spirometer readings slightly lower than Kory's normal values, which could not always be explained by previous medical history. The average audiogram showed slight hearing loss at 6,000Hz. Radiography disclosed a higher incidence of disc hernia and epiphysitis in tractor drivers than in controls.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Mar. 1975, Vol.36, No.3, p.145-162. Illus. 52 ref.

CIS 75-1053 Köhl U., Lob M.
Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning hazards in garages - Results of an investigation in the Lausanne area
Risques d'oxycarbonisme chronique dans les garages - Résultats d'une enquête dans la région lausannoise. [en francés]
A survey was carried out in 7 garages with varying working conditions. Conclusions: a significant correlation exists between CO concentration in the atmosphere and carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), on the one hand, and the number of cigarattes smoked per day and COHb, on the other; symptoms appear more frequently in badly ventilated garages; determination of the COHb level among the staff as a whole, combined with case history studies, generally enable the chronic CO poisoning hazard to be evaluated.
Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift - Journal suisse de médecine, 11 Jan. 1975, Vol.105, No.2, p.50-56. 44 ref.

CIS 75-1116 Martin G.
Tractor driving technique on sloping ground
Technique de conduite du tracteur sur les terrains en pente. [en francés]
The following aspects are covered: driver behaviour, wheel adherence on sloping ground, selecting suitable tyres, tractor design (protective cab or frame, weighting of front of tractor, front-wheel brakes, twin wheels), effects of materials carried and trailers.
Technique agricole, Mar. 1975, Vol.37, No.4, p.156-159. Illus.

CIS 75-647 Safety signposting - List of suppliers
Signalisation de sécurité - Répertoire des fournisseurs. [en francés]
List of French suppliers of signposting equipment, with addresses, classified according to type of equipment: plastic ribbons, strips and tapes; paints; signboards, notices, placards; barriers and signposting; electric and acoustic signals; radioactivity and other warning signs.
Edition INRS No.391, French National Research and Safety Institute (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Jan. 1975. 15p. Illus.

1974

CIS 99-1091 Reglamento de 1974 relativo a la agricultura (cabinas de tractores) [Reino Unido]
The Agriculture (Tractor Cabs) Regulations 1974 [United Kingdom] [en inglés]
Este Reglamento contiene las modificaciones adoptadas hasta 1990. Temas tratados: aprobación; agricultura; bastidores y cabinas de seguridad; declaración de los accidentes de trabajo; ley; marcado; protección contra el vuelco; responsabilidades de los empresarios; responsabilidades de los trabajadores; Reino Unido; tractores.
Fotocopias, 7p. Con CIS.

CIS 87-461 Fundamentals of machine operation - Agricultural machinery safety
Training manual and instructor's guide including 35mm slides and photoready copy for making overhead transparencies, covering the following subject areas: farm machinery operations; human factors; recognizing common machine hazards; equipment service and maintenance; tractors and self-propelled machines; tillage and planting equipment; chemical equipment; hay and forage equipment; grain harvesting equipment; other harvesting equipment; materials handling equipment; farm maintenance equipment.
John Deere Service Publications, Dept. F, Moline, Il 61265, USA, 1974. 565p. Illus. Bibl. Index.

CIS 76-1919 Köhl U.
Hazard of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning in garages - Results of an investigation in the Lausanne region
Les risques d'oxycarbonisme chronique dans les garages - Résultats d'une enquête dans la région lausannoise. [en francés]
MD thesis. Physiopathological and clinical data concerning chronic CO poisoning, with a literature survey, are followed by the results of an investigation carried out in 5 garages to determine the relation between ventilation, CO concentration and incidence of chronic CO poisoning. CO levels were monitored continuously and recorded with a portable MSA apparatus, and daily and hourly average levels were calculated. Garage staff replied to a questionnaire and underwent a medical examination (including a digital blood sample for haematocrit and COHb measurement). The correlation between atmospheric CO concentration and COHb, on the one hand, and between number of cigarettes smoked daily and COHb, on the other, is statistically significant.
Université de Lausanne, Faculté de médecine, Institut de médecine sociale et préventive, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1974. 53p. Illus. 81 ref.

CIS 76-1413 Schwanghart H.
Tractor overturning and testing of safety devices against overturning.
Translation of: Schlepperumsturz und Prüfung von Umsturz-Schutzeinrichtungen, Landtechnische Forschung, Wolfratshausen, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1971, Vol.19, No.1, p.1-5. The main attention is directed towards sideways overturning: incidence of frequency of tractor overturns in the Fed. Rep. of Germany (13,000 annually, of which 70% are sideways); calculation of static and dynamic turning angle; kinematics of an overturning tractor; velocities and energies; safety devices (acoustic signals, safety frames, etc.); testing methods according to some national and international standards.
Translation 340, Scientific Information Section, National Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford, United Kingdom, no date. 14p. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 76-74 Drechsler K.
Studies on vibration transmission to the driver's cab of automotive agricultural machinery
Untersuchungen zur Schwingungsübertragung auf den Fahrerstand mobiler landwirtschaftlicher Arbeitsmaschinen [en alemán]
The example of a completely enclosed driver's cab with low-frequency suspension serves as starting point for a discussion of an analytical method to determine the effects of vibration at the driver's seat and to establish an effective vertical acceleration value for processing by digital computer. The results confirm that a considerable reduction in vibration transmission to the driver and in the noise level can be obtained by means of a spring-suspended tractor cab.
Agrartechnik, Nov. 1974, Vol.24, No.11, p.533-536. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 76-269 Tschamaloff N., Mücker J.
Requirements for driver's cabs of automotive agricultural machinery and tractors
Forderungen an Fahrerkabinen selbstfahrender Landmaschinen und Traktoren [en alemán]
The functions that must be performed by the driver's cab to ensure optimum workplace conditions are outlined, with recommendations for improving the cab microclimate and details concerning dust and noise protection, optimum visibility, vibration threshold limit values and cab outfit.
Agrartechnik, Nov. 1974, Vol.24, No.11, p.529-531. 4 ref.

CIS 76-268 Jenisch K.H.
Critical review of tractor ergonomics
Kritisches zur Ergonomie des Traktors [en alemán]
In spite of certain improvements, the tractor remains a psychologically and physiologically unsatisfactory workplace in many respects. Increasing size is further making ever greater demands on muscular and visual effort. Uneconomical work below the efficiency limit of the tractor can almost always be traced to inadequate workplace conditions. The problems of vibration, noise, dust protection and automatic steering devices are discussed critically.
Agrartechnik, Nov. 1974, Vol.24, No.11, p.525-528. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 75-1809 Car lifts - Directives concerning design, construction, installation, use and maintenance
Autoløftere - Anvisninger for konstruktion, indretning, opstilling, brug og vedligeholdelse [en danés]
An outline of the responsibilities of manufacturers, suppliers, users and their employees under the Workers Protection Act of 1954 is followed by general regulations concerning safety by design, electrical safety and pressure vessels. The special regulations cover requirements concerning maximum lifting height and speed, travel limiting devices, etc., swinging lift arms, lifting ropes or chains, screw spindles, hydraulic system, protection against accidental lowering, working platforms, nameplate and warning notices, operation and maintenance. Rules for the stability of mobile car lifts are appended.
Publikation nr.43, Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet), Upsalagade 20, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1974. 19p. Illus. Gratis.

CIS 75-1880 Husberg W.
Reduction of the vibration loading of tractors
Om möjligheterna att minska vibrationsbelastningen på traktorförare [en sueco]
The vibration sources in the tractor were described and their effects on the driver compared. Measures to reduce vibration loading due to the motor and the terrain are given. The terrain is the greatest vibration source.
Forskningsrapport 3, National Board of Labour Protection (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Tampere, Finland, 1974. 42p. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 75-1309 Sokolova E.G., Loseva E.I., Sosnova T.L., Frid Ju.V.
Optimum parameters for artificial lighting in a locomotive cabin
Ob optimal'nyh parametrah iskusstvennogo osveščenija v kabine lokomotiva [en ruso]
Results of observations on 26 healthy persons aged 18-30 years, carried out with a view to establishing the optimum illumination level for locomotive control panels. 800 observations were made in conditions of daylight, dusk and night darkness. It was found that an illumination level of 20-30lx gives optimum visibility of the control panel instruments, and that the optimum ratio of brightness distribution lies between 1:1 and 1:3.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Aug. 1974, No.8, p.20-23. 3 ref.

CIS 75-1472 Pavement marking of streets, roads and highways.
This data sheet deals with the safety aspects of these operations from the roadworker's point of view. The hazards involved include injuries incurred while operating strip-painting equipment, handling materials or heating paint, as well as injury from passing traffic. The need for good ventilation (exhaust fumes) and good visibility are stressed. Use of mechanically and hand-propelled stripers; precautions; instructions for traffic flagmen; flasher warning lights.
Data Sheet 643, National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA, 1974. 8p. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 75-990 Lindner H., Knoche H.
Faulty lighting as a cause of visual disturbances - A study of lighting conditions in a dispatcher centre
Mangelhafte Beleuchtungsgüte - Ursache von Sehbeschwerden: Eine Untersuchung der Beleuchtungsverhältnisse in einer Dispatcherzentrale [en alemán]
After some introductory remarks on the quality of lighting and the relationship between the illumination level and luminance, the authors stress that a knowledge of the illumination level alone does not provide information on the lighting conditions that can be used for physiological evaluation. Report on the method and results of research on the illumination levels and luminance values in a road traffic dispatcher centre. Recommendations on the illumination level, prevention of glare, luminance conditions, shadows, and colour of the light.
Verkehrsmedizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1974, Vol.21, No.3, p.107-114. 10 ref.

CIS 75-1182 Rohmert W., Schott R.
Work postures in mechanical engineering, automobile repair shops and mines
Körperstellungen in Fertigungs-, Kfz-Reparatur- und Bergbau-Betrieben [en alemán]
Considerations on the ergonomic and physiological characteristics of different postures are followed by the results of 3 studies of industrial situations (manufacture of machine tools, automobile repair shop and materials handling in coal mines), in which the frequency of different postures adopted during work was determined by the systematic recording of postures. A table summarises the relative energy expenditures, heart rates and muscular activities of 14 postures. Conclusions are presented concerning the assessment of workload and its reduction by proper work organisation.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 4 Jan. 1974, Vol.32, No.3, p.149-165. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 75-799 Rumler K.
Atmospheric pollution due to lead, merely a hazard?
Die Umweltverschmutzung durch Blei nur eine Gefahr? [en alemán]
Results of a survey to obtain an approximate idea of the present degree of poisoning of the population by lead and mercury atmospheric pollution. The survey was directed particularly at groups of persons who were obliged by their occupation to travel long distances by motor car (managers, salesmen, etc.). Aspects considered: clinical symptoms, sources of mercury and lead contamination, mechanism of lead impregnation and prevention.
Österreichische Ärztezeitung, 10 June 1974, Vol.29, No.11, p.689-705. Illus. 17 ref.

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