Office work - 1,210 entries found

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1996

CIS 96-760 Auger M., Farant J.P.
Method for the measurement of ventilation efficiency in office buildings
Méthode pour la mesure de l'efficacité de ventilation dans les édifices à bureaux [in French]
Ventilation efficiency is a measure of the ability of a ventilation system to circulate air and to dilute pollutants. The ASHRAE standard recommends 10L/s/person as an acceptable value for fresh air to occupants. This rate however must be increased if the air does not circulate adequately. A new method has been developed in a test chamber to measure efficiency by simulating the CO₂ generated by the occupants. The method consists of a 0.3L/minute injection of CO₂ towards a CO₂ monitor. This corresponds to the average production rate of CO₂ from a sedentary human being. The efficiency is calculated by taking the difference between the maximum concentration obtained during the injection and the concentration before the injection. Results are presented for room/supply temperature difference of 6°C and 9°C and for air velocities of 0.07m/s and 0.45m/s. In all cases, the ventilation rate was fixed at 19L/s. Efficiencies varied by a factor of 1.5 for supply temperature changes and by a factor of 6 for air velocities. Since the method is different from existing methods, results are compared on a relative basis. This method responds to the mixing conditions in the room but additional research needs to be done by varying air flow rates. It is easy to use and can be easily applied in field conditions.
Travail et santé, June 1996, Vol.12, No.2, p.S-9 to S-12. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 96-721 de Araújo Couto H.
Ergonomic organization of workstations equipped with a VDU terminal or a computer
Organização ergonômica do posto de trabalho com terminal ou com microcomputador [in Portuguese]
Contents of this ergonomic treatment of VDU work: basic layout of VDU workstations; ergonomic issues of particular types of VDU work (data entry, word processing, computer-based information, desktop publishing); general work involving computers (e.g. managers, administrative personnel etc.).
Revista CIPA, Feb. 1996, Vol.17, No.195, p.72-74. Illus.

CIS 96-1163 Mood S.D., Sauter S.L.
Beyond biomechanics - Psychosocial aspects of musculoskeletal disorders in office work
This book comprises a series of papers concerning the interaction between psychosocial and physical factors in the occurrence of musculoskeletal diseases in office work. Theoretical models and mechanisms are presented and issues for management, prevention and further research are discussed. Papers include: an ecological model of musculoskeletal disorders in office work; work organization, stress and cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs); effects of psychological demand and stress on neuromuscular function; pathophysiology of CTDs; a psychosocial view of cumulative trauma disorders and implications for occupational health and prevention; a cognitive-behavioural perspective on pain in CTDs; workstyle and the prevention, evaluation and rehabilitation of upper-extremity disorders; psychosocial epidemiology in CTD research.
Taylor and Francis, Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8PR, United Kingdom, 1996. xix, 313p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 22.00.

CIS 96-602 Ooi P.L., Goh K.T.
Sick-building syndrome in a tropical city
This brief communication describes a morbidity survey among 2856 workers in 56 air-conditioned office buildings in Singapore. After excluding health complaints with known causes, 19% of respondents had frequent mucosal and skin irritations, neurotoxic reactions and other ailments suggestive of sick building syndrome. Building-related symptoms were not found to be reliable predictors of indoor air quality or ventilation problems. Factors associated with the syndrome included thermal comfort, lighting and noise.
Lancet, 23 Mar. 1996, Vol.347, No.9004, 841-842. 4 ref.

1995

CIS 01-1265 Forsthofer R.
Stress during work on with VDUs - Approaches for a system-oriented analysis of stress perceptions when working with computers
Stress am Bildschirmarbeitsplatz - Ansätze zu einer systemorientierten Analyse des Stresserlebens bei der Arbeit mit dem Computer [in German]
Topics: computers; CRT display terminals; ergonomics; mental workload; psychology and sociology; stress evaluation; stress factors; stress studies.
Verlag Dr. Kovač, Postfach 50 08 47, 22708 Hamburg, Germany, 1995. iv, 200p. Illus. 177 ref.

CIS 00-1780 Aronoff S., Kaplan A.
Total workplace performance - Rethinking the office environment
This books deals with issues relevant to the design and management of the office workplace. Main topics: office facilities; productivity; knowledge work; building systems and occupied space; thermal comfort, air quality and acoustics; computers; psychosocial factors and stress; workplace diagnostics; facility management.
WDL Publications, P.O. Box 8457, Station T, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 3H8, Canada, 1995. x, 404p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index.

CIS 99-485 Solé Gómez D., Pérez Nicolás J.
The sick building syndrome: Simplified questionnaire
El síndrome del edificio enfermo: cuestionario simplificado [in Spanish]
Reference to CIS 95-1131. Topics: data sheet; offices; questionnaire survey; risk factors; sick building syndrome; Spain; symptoms.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1995. 6p. 7 ref.

CIS 98-895 Oftedal G., Vistnes A.I., Rygge K.
Skin symptoms after the reduction of electric fields from visual display units
Topics: CRT display terminals; dermatological effects; electric fields; epidemiologic study; length of exposure; magnetic fields; microclimate; Norway; screens; social aspects.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Oct. 1995, Vol.21, No.5, p.335-344. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 98-1025 VDT workstations: layout and lighting
Topics: artificial lighting; Canada; check lists; CRT display terminals; data sheet; illumination design; keyboard operations; man-computer interfaces; office work; seats and working surfaces; visual comfort; work posture; workplace design.
Occupational Health and Safety Branch, Ministry of Labour, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 1995. 10p. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 97-1479 Otte M.
Understanding your VDU
Mieux connaître votre écran [in French]
Verstandig omgaan met beeldschermen [in Dutch]
This pamphlet describes the potential risk factors associated with working with visual display units (VDUs) (visual fatigue, muscular discomfort, radiation), and provides guidance on preventive measures: correct positioning of the screen and other equipment, design and positioning of desks and seating, lighting, work organization and relaxation exercises.
Association Nationale pour la Prevention des Accidents du Travail (ANPAT), rue Gachard 88, Boîte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1995. 20p. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 97-1237 Gilli G., et al.
Chemical and microbiological contamination in a confined environment: Evaluation of occupational exposure under conditions of fluctuating physical parameters, seasonal conditions and external flows
Contaminazione chimica e microbiologica in ambiente confinato: misure dell'esposizione professionale al variare di parametri fisici, condizioni stagionali e flussi dall'estero [in Italian]
The purpose of this research was to discover to what extent different environmental parameters affected the effects of exposure of office workers to various chemical and microbiological agents. The chemicals investigated included aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and carbonyls. The microbiological agents included bacteria and fungi. The environmental parameters considered included parts of the daily, weekly and annual work cycle, the presence of tobacco smoke and microclimate. Overall, changing environmental parameters had little effect on exposure, though the need for improved ventilation in winter months is shown by the results of the study and in areas subject to the passing through of many people there was a marked fluctuation in the concentration of certain chemical substances and microorganisms.
Prevenzione oggi, July-Sept. 1995, Vol.7, No.3, p.77-104. Illus.

CIS 97-533 Nibel H.
Eye strain and response. Study based on log book, measurements of eye movements and number of blinking during eye-straining work
Augenermüdung und Beanspruchung. Untersuchungen mit Augensymptomtagebüchern, Messung der Augenbewegungen und der Lidschlaghäufigkeit bei visuell belastenden Arbeiten [in German]
The psychophysiological effects on the eyes caused by the introduction of the computer at the workplace were studied. Volunteers in a telephone exchange in Vienna where an electronic database was introduced and volunteers in two small firms where the use of computer-aided design was inaugurated participated in the study. Indicators of visual fatigue such as frequency of eye blinking and saccadic eye movement velocity were measured. In addition, volunteers kept a diary of subjectively perceived symptoms of eyestrain such as red and burning eyes. The physiological parameters were found to reflect the effort rather than visual fatigue.
Peter Lang AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 1995. 167p. Illus. 226 ref. Index. Price: DEM 51.00.

CIS 96-1676 Tomei F., Baccolo T.P., Papaleo B., Rosati M.V., Magrini L., Iavicoli S., Fantini S., Scarselli R., Palmi S.
Job-related vein disorders in heavy industry, construction and the service industries
Flebopatie professionali nell'industria, nell'edilizia e nel terziario [in Italian]
Insufficient information on the influence of work on vein disorders was obtained from a literature review. The authors therefore studied by means of a questionnaire and clinical examinations 447 male subjects, who belonged to three different occupational categories: 151 industrial workers, 159 construction workers and 137 office workers. Particular consideration was given to the time spent in different postures at the workplace. The three groups were comparable in terms of age and other risk factors. Vein disorders were found in 38.4% of the heavy industry workers, 25.1% of construction industry workers and 22.6% of the office workers. The main work-related risk factor inducing vein disorders was identified as keeping a standing posture for a period equal or greater than 50% of the working time.
Prevenzione oggi, Jan.-June 1995, Vol.7, No.1-2, p.123-155. Illus. 44 ref.

CIS 96-1613 Visual display units in the place of work
Training kit consisting of three booklets: 1 - Code of Practice (new edition of the 1993 publication abstracted as CIS 94-603), contents: introduction, compliance, health problems of VDU work, relationship between the Code and the relevant provisions of the Health and Safety in Employment Act (CIS 93-701), glossary, ISO 9241; 2 - Checklists for monitoring hazards of VDU work (work organization, VDU selection, hazard identification, evaluation of workplace visual conditions); 3 - Information booklet: promotion of workstation comfort (why we get discomfort, relaxation, body positions, getting comfortable at the workstation, workplace exercises, preventing visual and ocular discomfort, finger and wrist techniques for keyboard users), general advice (lighting, noise, thermal comfort, air quality, electromagnetic fields).
Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1995. Information kit (Code of Practice: 66p., illus, bibl.ref., index + Checklists: 11p. + Information booklet: 43p., illus.) Price: NZD 20.00 (Code of Practice only: NZD 10.00).

CIS 96-1727 Offices and administration
Kontor og administration [in Danish]
A systematic summary of publications and documentation regarding working environment factors and the state of workers' health in office and administrative work in Denmark. This review includes office and administrative work regardless of the industrial sector in which the work is carried out. The main working environment problems are: thermal environment, strain injuries and psychological stress.
Arbejdstilsynet, At-Salg, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1995. 74p. Price: DKK 100.00 + tax.

CIS 96-1497 Cail F., Aptel M., Pichené A.
Evaluation questionnaire on the occupational experience of employees exposed to the risk of musculoskeletal problems
Questionnaire d'évaluation du vécu du travail de salariés exposés à des risques de troubles musculosquelettiques [in French]
This article presents a computerized questionnaire for capturing the working conditions of workers in the secondary and tertiary sectors who are presumed to be at risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The history of the development of the questionnaire is followed by a presentation of its different parts: generalities, the worker's post, functional complaints, indicators of chronic psychological stress, open space for other observations. Computer aspects (use of database and spreadsheet programs) and the application of the questionnaire in the enterprise are also discussed. An appendix shows the two versions of the questionnaire.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 4th Quarter 1995, No.64, p.253-267. 10 ref.

CIS 96-1212 Order of 24 July 1995 regarding specific complementary provisions for the use of visual display screens on working equipment (extractive industries); Order of 24 July 1995 regarding minimal safety and health provisions for manual handling (extractive industries) [France]
[Arrêtés du 24.7.95] - relatif aux dispositions ... concernant l'utilisation d'écrans de visualisation sur les équipements de travail (industries extractives); relatif aux prescriptions minimales de SST concernant la manutention manuelle (industries extractives) [France] [in French]
Visual displays are covered regardless of the display process [cathode-ray, liquid crystal, etc.]. Operators should undergo medical examinations to verify their aptitude for the work and in case of complaints associated with visual display work. Employers are responsible for identifying and eliminating hazards. Software must meet performance standards. Screens, keyboards and other equipment must be ergonomically satisfactory. The workplace must be free of excessive heat, radiation, humidity and noise. Regarding manual handling, work should be organized and mechanized so as to minimize recourse to manual labour. Possible hazards should be identified and preventive measures undertaken; occupational physicians should assist employers in this. Employers must provide workers with relevant information and training.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 1995, No.63, p.213-215.

CIS 96-858 Muller W.J., Black M.S.
Sensory irritation in mice exposed to emissions from indoor products
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1995, Vol.56, No.8, p.794-803. Illus. 22 ref. ###

CIS 96-1136 Corpataux M.
Active use of daylight
Aktive Tageslichtnutzung [in German]
Two new illumination systems for offices are outlined. One artificial illumination system is switched by electronic control units according to the illumination levels produced by natural light. Its energy consumption was compared with that of a conventional artificial lighting system. Considerable energy savings could be achieved with the electronically controlled artificial lighting system. The second lighting system uses a computer-controlled mirror and a deflection mirror to direct the sunlight into the building. Sensors are used to switch the artificial lighting system on and off according to demand.
Licht, Mar. 1995, Vol.47, No.2-3, p.220-222, 224, 226-228. Illus.

CIS 96-1147 Fogleman M., Brogmus G.
Computer mouse use and cumulative trauma disorders of the upper extremities
Workers' compensation data relating to cumulative trauma disorders of the upper extremities associated with computer use and computer mouse use were analyzed for the period 1986 to 1993. Numbers of claims, total cost and average cost per claim are tabulated for males and females. Although there were few claims related to computer mouse use, this would appear to be a growing problem requiring more research and intervention attention.
Ergonomics, Dec. 1995, Vol.38, No.12, p.2465-2475. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 96-720 Lee Y.H., Weng J.
An ergonomic design and performance evaluation of handy scanners by males
Three types of hand scanner were evaluated in terms of performance, posture used, strain on the forearm musculature and subjective ratings. The two commercially available models required a thumb-forefinger side grip or a thumb-finger grip; a proposed model, based on ergonomic design considerations, required a thumb-finger-palmar grip. Performance evaluation by 19 male subjects indicated that the proposed model resulted in a higher success rate, a shorter completion time, the smallest self-selected working area, least strain on the forearm muscles, and highest subjective ratings. Results justify the consideration of ergonomic factors in future scanner design.
Applied Ergonomics, Dec. 1995, Vol.26, No.6, p.425-430. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 96-1130 Hermans V., Spaepen A.
Perceived discomfort and electromyographic activity of the upper trapezius while working at a VDT station
Subjective muscular fatigue was evaluated for 10 female VDT workers over a working day; 5 workers had previous musculoskeletal problems in the shoulder-neck region, 5 had not. Electromyographic activity of the upper right and left trapezius was measured. The subjective scores for the shoulder were significantly higher for the group with complaints. The activity of the trapezius increased for both groups, with no significant differences between the groups. A reduction in load intensity by the introduction of frequent short breaks in continuous activity should be considered even for tasks with low static loads.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 1995, Vol.1, No.3, p.208-214. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 96-1127 Hochanadel C.D.
Computer workstation adjustment: A novel process and large sample study
An automated process based on linked-segment anthropometry was developed to analyze computer workstations, identify improper configurations and recommend adjustments. A survey of over 3300 employees in a large industrial complex indicated significant relationships between hours or years worked and symptoms associated with computer use. In a follow-up study, 90% of the respondents indicated a clear understanding of recommendations and an increased knowledge of proper workstation configurations. 80% of those making recommended changes indicated benefits through enhanced work efficiency and comfort. Limitations of the study are discussed.
Applied Ergonomics, Oct. 1995, Vol.26, No.5, p.315-326. Illus. 45 ref.

CIS 96-1077 Janko M., Gould D.C., Vance L., Stengel C.C., Flack J.
Dust mite allergens in the office environment
Levels of dust mite allergens were measured in 14 offices in response to numerous health complaints. Methods for sampling deposited dust and for the determination of the Der p I allergen and guanine are described. Nine of the offices were identified as having a dust mite population. Case studies of three offices with high levels of dust mites are presented. In all cases, the infestation was localized to a few specific work areas, office chairs being the primary location. Remedial measures include steam cleaning of all fabric-covered furnishings.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1133-1140. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 96-856 Martin J.R.
The sensitive individual and the indoor environment: Case study
An environmental investigation was carried out in an office building following occupant reports of health problems suspected of being associated with the indoor environment. No conditions likely to cause the reported health problems were indicated. One occupant was experiencing a fairly severe reaction only upon entering the building but no specific explanation was identified; a possible allergic reaction to materials within the building was suggested. The case highlights the role of the occupational physician in environmental investigations and the need to consider the possible presence of sensitive individuals.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1121-1126. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 96-992 Even a wallfull of television sets or computer monitors is not dangerous
Même en batterie, les écrans et moniteurs d'ordinateurs ne sont pas dangereux... [in French]
The French Research and Safety Institute (INRS) measured the levels of X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, electrical and magnetic fields and ultrasound emitted by video and computer equipment. Even when large numbers of screens are present together, as in displays in stores, the levels of radiation and ultrasound are well below exposure limits and do not constitute a hazard.
Travail et sécurité, Nov. 1995, No. 542, p.576-578. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 96-80 About office safety and health
Training booklet on office safety: negative safety attitudes and bad habits; fire safety; avoiding slips, trips and falls; doors, drawers etc.; good housekeeping; office machines; visual display terminals; lifting and manual handling; physical exercise. Test for self assessment.
Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ###

CIS 96-82 About working with display screen equipment
Training booklet on the proper use of visual display terminals. Test for self assessment.
Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1995. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ###

CIS 96-326 Mikatavage M.A., Rose V.E., Funkhouser E., Oestenstad R.K., Dillon K., Reynolds K.D.
Beyond air quality - Factors that affect prevalence estimates of sick building syndrome
In an investigation of sick building syndrome (SBS), workers in 39 offices completed one of two questionnaires; one described the SBS study, the other did not. SBS was defined as a symptom in the previous 24-hour or seven-day recall period that was more severe at work and not related to suspected confounding factors (allergy, cold or flu). SBS prevalence was 5%. It was higher among workers aware of the SBS study relative to those who were not and higher for the seven-day relative to the 24-hour recall period. A standardized methodology is required for the assessment of SBS prevalence.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1995, Vol.56, No.11, p.1141-1146. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 96-330 van den Brulle P.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitschutz
Acoustic design of offices with VDUs
Schalltechnische Gestaltung von Büroräumen mit Bildschirmen [in German]
Working at visual display units requires high concentration, which is often disrupted by high noise levels. The acoustic parameters influencing the noise level in offices have been analyzed and measured as well as the noise produced by the equipment attached to visual display workstations in 82 offices. Recommendations are given for the selection of quieter equipment and for an ergonomic layout ensuring a more favorable acoustic environment.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH., Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1995. 176p. Illus. Price: DEM 32.00

CIS 96-375 Chad K.E., Brown J.M.M.
Climatic stress in the workplace - Its effect on thermoregulatory responses and muscle fatigue in female workers
Thermoregulatory responses and levels of muscle fatigue were investigated in a group of seated women performing a light manual task (typing) and a group of standing women performing a more strenuous manual task (lifting) in different climatic conditions (neutral and hot, humid). Environmental heat significantly influenced the cardiovascular and regulatory systems in both groups. Although the lifters generally showed greater levels of thermal stress and muscle fatigue, the typists showed greater evidence of temperature-related muscle fatigue. Results suggest that the effects of environmental heat may be of secondary importance to the nature of the task on the levels of muscle fatigue experienced.
Applied Ergonomics, Feb. 1995, Vol.26, No.1, p.29-34. 12 ref.

CIS 96-115 Coyle I.R., Sleeman S.D., Adams N.
Safety climate
Safety climate, i.e., attitudes and perceptions relating to occupational health and safety (OHS) issues, has been largely ignored and measures such as lost time and frequency rates have been used to determine the efficacy of OHS programmes. It is clear that objective measurement of the precursors of accidents identified in a safety climate analysis provides a powerful proactive management tool. This paper reports on safety climate factors found in clerical and service organizations in Australia, and concurrent validity studies. Contrary to published studies, safety climate factors seem not to be stable across organizations. The significance of this for planning and assessing the efficacy of OHS programmes is discussed. Although safety climate factors are not stable, the safety climate factor pattern identified in organizations provides a powerful management tool for designing OHS programmes.
Journal of Safety Research, Winter 1995, Vol.26, No.4, p.247-254. 28 ref.

CIS 96-219 VDT workstations: Layout and lighting
Postes de travail avec terminal à écran de visualisation: disposition et éclairage [in French]
These guidelines address the factors affecting physical and visual demands on people working with video display terminals (VDTs). Contents: workstation layout (position of keyboard and monitor, use of hand-held input devices, spectacle wearers, adjustable seating and working surfaces); lighting levels and the reduction of glare; task design; checklist for VDT workstations.
Publications Section, Ontario Ministry of Labour, 400 University Avenue, 9th Floor, Toronto M7A 1T7, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 1995. 10p. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 95-2285 Westlander G., Viitasara E., Johansson A., Shahnavaz H.
Evaluation of an ergonomics intervention programme in VDT workplaces
Surveys of work conditions, work loads and job-related health issues were carried out among VDT operators engaged in routine data-entry and data-dialogue tasks in two Swedish companies. On the basis of these surveys, an intervention programme was developed, implemented and evaluated. Evaluation criteria covered the opinions of personnel on the programme, efforts made to implement suggested measures and recommendations, and the impact of organizational conditions on the implementation of the programme. Particular emphasis was placed on the research interest of the study. The role of the organizational context in the effective implementation of an intervention plan is discussed.
Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1995, Vol.26, No.2, p.83-92. 16 ref.

CIS 95-2126 Sanz Merinero J.A.
Visual display terminals: Recommendations for the ergonomic design of work stations
Pantallas de visualización: Recomendaciones para el diseño ergonómico de los puestos de trabajo [in Spanish]
Contents of this ergonomic recommendation: main features of microcomputer equipment; physical design of work stations; the physical work environment (lighting, noise, thermal and humidity conditions, electrostatic fields); job design for workplaces with VDUs. These Recommendations are based on Standards ISO 9241 and EN 29241.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, C/Torrelaguna, 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1995. 27p. Illus.

CIS 95-1646 "Nothing ever happens here": Safety in offices
"Aquí nunca pasa nada": seguridad en oficinas [in Spanish]
Consejo Colombiano de Seguridad, Carrera 20, No.39-62, 6839 Bogotá, Colombia, no date. Videotape. Price: COP 87,500 or USD 100.00 (members); COP 113,500 or USD 125.00 (non-members). ###

CIS 95-1710
Health and Safety Commission
Local authorities report on health and safety in the service industries
This report provides summary information on the nature of accidents in service sector premises for the period 1993-1994 and details of local authorities' enforcement action. A total of 25,865 injuries were reported, including 5,695 major injuries and 51 fatalities. The highest rates of major injury occurred in the recreational industry and wholesale sector. Slips and falls accounted for over 40% of all injuries; handling, lifting and carrying accounted for 36% of over-3-day injuries. The work of the Health and Safety Executive/Local Authority Enforcement Liaison Committee (HELA) for the same period is reviewed.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. 7p.

CIS 95-1256 Work on VDUs. Interactive computer software on diskette
Le travail à l'écran. Didacticiel interactif sur disquette [in French]
Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents, Case postale, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1995. Computer software (usable on IBM-compatible microcomputers, 286 or superior; MS-DOS version 3.2 or higher). Price: CHF 35.00. ###

CIS 95-1502 Bodmann H.W., Eberbach K., Leszczynska H.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz
Quality criteria for the local lighting of workstations in offices
Lichttechnische und ergonomische Gütekriterien der Einzelplatzbeleuchtung im Büro [in German]
Real-time study of the acceptance of lighting systems in offices where VDUs are used. Forty observers evaluated various lighting parameters at different work stations. Work performance was also evaluated. The usefulness of respecting the quality criteria of Standard DIN 5035 (interior lighting with artificial light sources) was confirmed. There were divergences in the importance given to veiling reflection, maximum acceptable luminance of indirect lighting systems and the utilization of desk lamps. It is recommended to take the findings of this study into account when DIN 5035 is next modified.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, 2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany, 1995. 209p. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 95-1157 Widerszal-Bazyl M., Żołnierczyk D.
Dimensions of job control in computerized and traditional work and its health effects
A questionnaire survey of VDU and non-VDU users was conducted to investigate the relationship between computerization and both global job control and control related to specific tasks. Results showed no clear relationship between job control and computerization of work; latitude of control depended on the task performed and the aspect of control under consideration. There were significant relationships between global control and psychological stress symptoms (job satisfaction, moods) and somatic complaints; other aspects of control were correlated with stress symptoms in a variety of ways. It is recommended that the concept of global control should be avoided, and where possible, specific indexes of control should be applied.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.29-41. 25 ref.

CIS 95-963 Aronsson G., Strömberg A.
Work content and eye discomfort in VDT work
A questionnaire survey of Swedish public employees with frequent and different types of VDT work was conducted. Eye discomfort was statistically related to aspects of work organization. The highest levels of discomfort were reported by computer-aided design, data entry and word processing groups; groups with mixed VDT tasks displayed the lowest level of symptoms. Time spent at a VDT, low degree of work control, time pressure and high pace of work were all associated with relatively high levels of eye discomfort.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 1995, Vol.1, No.1, p.1-13. 16 ref.

CIS 95-1132 Bachmann M.O., Turck W.A.V., Myers J.E.
Sick building symptoms in office workers: a follow-up study one year after changing buildings
Sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms were investigated in 167 clerical workers before and one year after moving from a naturally ventilated building to an artificially ventilated building. Before the move, the commonest complaints were eye symptoms, dry skin, tiredness, headaches and back and neck pain; prevalences of most symptoms were significantly higher among women and increased with time spent at VDUs. After changing buildings, the prevalences of eye, skin and fatigue symptoms increased significantly. While the study implicates building factors in the development of SBS symptoms, female sex and VDU work appear to be at least as important risk factors.
Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1995, Vol.45, No.1, p.11-15. 12 ref.

1994

CIS 98-1042 Fujigaki Y., Asakura T., Haratani T.
Work stress and depressive symptoms among Japanese information systems managers
Topics: CRT display terminals; data processing; depressive neurosis; human behaviour; human relations; Japan; mental stress; mental workload; night work; office work; questionnaire survey; stress factors; work organization.
Industrial Health, 1994, Vol.32, No.4, p.231-238. 24 ref.

CIS 96-1531 Legislative Decree No.626 of 19 Sep. 1994 - Implementation of eight EEC Directives concerning the improvement of workers' safety and health at the workplace [Italy]
Decreto Legislativo 19 sett. 1994, n. 626 - Attuazione delle direttive ... CEE riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori sul luogo di lavoro [in Italian]
This decree was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 16 Sep. 1994. It introduces into Italian legislation the provisions of the following EEC Directives: 89/391 (general improvements in OSH, CIS 89-1401), 89/654 (minimum OSH requirements for the workplace, CIS 90-356), 89/655 (minimum OSH requirements for work equipment, CIS 90-357), 89/656 (minimum requirements for PPE, CIS 90-385), 90/269 (manual handling, CIS 90-1101), 90/270 (VDU work, CIS 90-1069), 90/394 (exposure to carcinogens, CIS 90-1758) and 90/679 (exposure to biological agents, CIS 91-29). The main headings of the decree are: general provisions; workplaces; use of work equipment; use of personal protective equipment (PPE); manual handling of loads; protection against carcinogens; protection against biological agents; penalties for non-compliance. In annex (among others): table of PPE requirements depending on the hazards present in the workplace; non-exhaustive list of activities and sectors where PPE has to be worn; list and classification of hazardous biological agents.
Gazzetta ufficiale, 12 Nov. 1994, No.265, Part I, Ordinary supplement, 60p. Illus.

CIS 96-1340 Barig A.
Indoor exposures
Innenraumluftbelastungen [in German]
A concept for evaluating the working conditions in offices is presented. The following information is included in the assessment: characteristics of the building such as ventilation, design and maintenance of the air conditioning system, office equipment (e.g. carpeting, furniture and office machines), harmful substances emitted in the offices such as formaldehyde, the design of the workplaces, lighting, noise and microclimate, psychological factors such as time pressure and intensity of work as well as the results of medical examinations.
Sicher ist Sicher, Nov. 1994, Vol.45, No.11, p.574, 576-578. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 96-1359 Fanelli C., Bergamaschi A.
Working with computers: Synthesis of ISPESL investigations
Il lavoro con il computer: sintesi Ricerca ISPESL [in Italian]
Results of various studies conducted in Italy on man-computer interactions were presented at HCI International '93 (5th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, held at Orlando, FL, USA, 8-13 Aug. 1993). The following aspects of working with computers were studied (statistical analysis is presented in annex): subjective comfort of computer work stations; relationship between years of work with VDUs on one hand and psychosomatic complaints, visual fatigue and musculoskeletal complaints on the other. Suggestions are made for areas of further study.
Fogli d'informazione ISPESL, Jan.-Mar. 1994, Vol.7, No.1, p.20-26.

CIS 96-523 Lips W., Weickhardt U., Buchberger J., Krueger H.
Work at video display terminals
Le travail à l'écran de visualisation [in French]
Main contents of this training brochure dealing with work on visual display units: general (ergonomics, lighting, luminance, visual acuity, accommodation, eye movements); components and requirements of work on a visual display unit (screen size, keyboard, mouse, etc.); layout of workplaces with visual display units (lighting of premises, requirements, reflexion, keyboard, desk and seat, etc.); software (coding, communication, interfacing, etc.); medical aspects (radiation, heat, ophthalmological and orthopedic considerations, etc.); psychological aspects and work organization (anxiety, psychosocial stress factors, etc.); checklists (for practical purposes, for the selection of a VDU, for the selection of furniture, etc.); information and counselling; equipment. Replaces the 1991 edition (CIS 91-1825).
Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, Dec. 1994. 72p. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 96-1108 Pennarola R., Scarselli R., Bongiorno V., Iannuzzi G.
The visual apparatus and work with particular reference to video-terminal using activities
Apparato visivo e lavoro con particolare riferimento alle attività con uso di videoterminali [in Italian]
Seventy-four visual display terminal (VDT) operators were surveyed in Italy in relation to the action which dust and chemical, physical, biological and ergonomic agents may have on workers' eyes. The principal associated symptoms included: tired eyes, stress, psycho-social disorders, arthropathies. The detected vision disorders are the symptoms of a reversible dysfunctional state. Psychological aspects and disturbances of the locomotor apparatus are of notable importance in the studied sample. Medical surveillance is recommended for VDT operators on the accommodative function and on the structure of the anterior segment, using microbioscopic monitoring techniques. Psychological aspects of the work, including studies of the locomotor apparatus and environmental conditions, should also be conducted.
Prevenzione oggi, Jan.-Mar., 1994, Vol.6, No.1, p.41-55. Illus. 43 ref.

CIS 96-599 Stenberg B., Eriksson N., Höög J., Sundell J., Wall S.
The Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in office workers: A case-referent study of personal, psychosocial and building-related risk indicators
The Office Illness Project in Northern Sweden, comprising both a screening questionnaire study of 4943 office workers and a case-referent study of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in 464 subjects was recently completed. The case-referent study presented in this paper used data from the questionnaire supplemented with information from a clinical examination, a survey of psychosocial factors at work and building data from inspection and measurements taken at the work sites. Personal factors such as atopy and photosensitive skin, psychosocial conditions and physical exposure factors influencing indoor air quality (IAQ), such as outdoor air flow rates and the presence of photocopiers were related to an increased prevalence of the reported SBS symptoms. The rate response relationship between actually measured ventilation rates and the prevalence of perceived SBS symptoms presents strong evidence for the association between IAQ factors and health.
International Journal of Epidemiology, Dec. 1994, Vol.23, No.6, p.1190-1197. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 96-722 Henning R.A., Kissel G.V., Maynard D.C.
Compensatory rest breaks for VDT operators
Discomfort associated with continuous visual display terminal (VDT) use can be moderated by short rest breaks at 10 or 15-min intervals. This laboratory study evaluated an alternative break administration system in which operators only received short breaks when their spontaneous rest pauses were inadequate. Typists (n=38) were assigned to one of two conditions, regimented (20sec breaks every 5min) or compensatory (20sec breaks every 5min if spontaneous pauses totalled less than 17sec), during a 48-min period. Although the number and length of computer-administered breaks decreased in the compensatory condition, no differences in work performance, operator mood, or acceptance of the break system were found. However, back discomfort was lower in the compensatory condition. These findings suggest that a compensatory rest break system can eliminate unnecessary task interruptions and be as effective as a regimented break schedule in ensuring that operators do not perform computer work continuously.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Oct. 1994, Vol.14, No.5, p.243-249, 19 ref.

CIS 96-1131 Kopardekar P., Mital A.
The effect of different work-rest schedules on fatigue and performance of a simulated directory assistance operator's task
The directory assistance operator's task with a visual display terminal was simulated to determine the preferable work-rest schedule from among three different schedules: 30min of work followed by a 5min break (30-5); 60min of work followed by a 10min break (60-10); and 120min of work without any break (120-0). The total working duration was 2h. Errors made during the work and subjective responses before and after the working period (2h) were recorded and analyzed. Results showed that the first two work-rest schedules were preferable to the third as significantly fewer errors were made (p ≥ 0.01) when a short break was provided. There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.10) in errors between the (30-5) and (60-10) schemes. Fewer before and after subjective responses differed significantly for the (30-5) and (60-10) schemes than for the (120-0) scheme. The overall effect of the schemes on subjective responses, however, was not statistically significant at the 5% level. Since both the (30-5) and (60-10) schemes were found acceptable, the (60-10) scheme is recommended since it is easy to implement, causes fewer breaks and therefore fewer work interruptions, and leads to fewer total minutes of break.
Ergonomics, Oct. 1994, Vol.37, No.10, Special Issue, p.1697-1707. Illus. 16 ref.

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