Power generation and distribution - 305 entries found

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2011

CIS 12-0127 Schlünssen V., Madsen A.M., Skov S., Sigsgaard T.
Does the use of biofuels affect the respiratory health among male Danish energy plant workers?
Respiratory symptoms in 138 woodchip workers, 94 straw workers and 107 control workers from 85 heating- or combined heating and power plants were collected by questionnaire. Spirometry, metacholine provocation tests and skin prick tests were performed on 310 workers. The work area concentrations of total dusts, airborne endotoxins, cultivable Aspergillus fumigatus and cultivable fungi were measured at each plant. Personal exposure was calculated from the time spent on different tasks and average work area exposures. Exposure levels are discussed. Exposure levels were increased in biofuel plants compared with conventional plants. The prevalences of respiratory symptoms among conventional plant and biofuel plant workers were comparable, except for asthma symptoms among non-smokers, which were higher among straw workers compared with controls. A trend for increasing respiratory symptoms with increasing endotoxin exposure was seen with odds ratios (ORs) between 3.1 (work-related nose symptoms) and 8.1 (asthma symptoms) for the most exposed group. Associations between fungal exposure and respiratory symptoms were less clear but suggested cultivable fungi to be associated with asthma symptoms and work-related respiratory symptoms. No associations were seen between lung function and the level of endotoxin or fungal exposure. It is concluded that working with biofuel at an energy plant does not generally enhance the prevalence of respiratory symptoms. However, the exposure level to microorganisms has an impact on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among biofuel workers.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 2011, Vol.68, No.7, p.467-473. 39 ref.
Does_ the_use_of_biofuels_[BUY_THIS_ARTICLE] [in English]

CIS 11-0218 Richez J.P., Brasseur G., Clergiot J.
Renewable energies - Towards sustainability in occupational safety and health
Energies renouvelables - Vers un développement durable de la prévention [in French]
This collection of articles reviews the specific occupational safety and health hazards related to the construction and operation of equipment for producing biogas and solar, wind and geothermal energy.
Travail et sécurité, Feb. 2011, No.714, p.18-34. Illus.
Energies_renouvelables.pdf [in English]

CIS 11-0151 The international legal framework for nuclear security
This publication brings together the primary legally binding international instruments and the internationally accepted non-binding instruments that constitute the international legal framework for nuclear security. It sets out the legislative bases for the mandate of the International Atomic Energy Agency in the area of nuclear security, in order to increase awareness of the Agency's role in facilitating national, regional and international efforts to enhance nuclear security, including measures to protect against nuclear terrorism. It is intended that the overview of the salient provisions of the relevant binding and non-binding instruments will increase the understanding of the existing legal framework governing nuclear security and counter-terrorism and thereby assist States, intergovernmental organizations and other stakeholders in the implementation of those provisions at the national, regional and international level.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2011. 23p. Price: EUR 26.00. Downloadable version free of charge.
IAEA_International_Law_Series_No. 4.pdf [in English]

2010

CIS 11-0419 Safety of conversion facilities and uranium enrichment facilities
This safety guide supplements the publication on safety of fuel cycle facilities and addresses all the stages in the life cycle of conversion facilities (CFs) and enrichment facilities (EFs), with emphasis placed on design and operation. It describes the actions, conditions and procedures for meeting safety requirements and deals specifically with the handling, processing and storage of depleted, natural and low enriched uranium. The publication is intended to be of use to designers, operating organizations and regulators for ensuring the safety of conversion and enrichment facilities.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Wien, Austria, 2010, xiv, 78p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: EUR 28.00. Downloadable version free of charge.
Specific_Safety_Guide_No.SSG-5.pdf [in English]

CIS 11-0251 Verrhiest-Leblanc G., Chevallier A.
Earthquake risks and the safety of nuclear power plants - A look at the Cadarache centre
Risque sismique et sûreté des installations nucléaires - Regards sur le centre de Cadarache [in French]
The likelihood of an earthquake needs to be considered when analyzing the safety of nuclear facilities. In this article, two specialists present the measures taken in a French nuclear centre. Topics addressed: French national regulations applicable to nuclear facilities; determination of the seismic risk of the site; design of new facilities; reinforcement of existing facilities; advance planning of a seismic event; consultation and openness with respect to seismic risks.
Préventique-Sécurité, Nov.-Dec. 2010, No.114, p.20-24. Illus.

CIS 11-0226 Felten M.K., Knoll L., Eisenhawer C., Ackermann D., Khatab K., Hüdepohl J., Zschiesche W., Kraus T.
Retrospective exposure assessment to airborne asbestos among power industry workers
The objectives of this study were to assess former levels of airborne asbestos exposure in the power industry in Germany and to propose a basic strategy for health surveillance and the early detection of asbestos related diseases. Between March 2002 and the end of 2006, a retrospective questionnaire survey of occupational tasks and exposures with airborne asbestos fibres was conducted in a cohort of 8632 formerly-exposed power industry workers. Data of 7775 (90% of the total) participants working in installations for power generation, power distribution or gas supply could be evaluated. Findings are discussed.
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 2010, No.5:15, 9p. 29 ref.
Retrospective_exposure_assessment.pdf [in English]

CIS 09-1278 Bondéelle A.
Construction of the EPR - A site under close watch
Construction de l'EPR - Un chantier sous haute surveillance [in French]
This article reviews the security and safety aspects of the large construction site of a nuclear power plant in France. A safety committee was specifically set up for watching the site, under the authority of the coordinator for safety and health.
Travail et sécurité, Jan. 2010, No.702, p.2-9. Illus. 7 ref
http://www.travail-et-securite.fr/archivests/archivests.nsf/(alldocparref)/TS702page2_1/$file/TS702page2.pdf?openelement [in French]

2009

CIS 12-0296 Brasseur G.
Energies - New life of wind turbines
Energies - Le nouveau souffle des éoliennes [in French]
This richly-illustrated article presents the activities related to the transport and erection of wind turbines, with an emphasis on safety aspects.
Travail et sécurité, June 2009, No.696, p.2-11. Illus.
Energies_Le_nouveau_souffle_des_éoliennes_[INTERNET_FREE_ACCESS] [in French]

CIS 09-1044 Greene B.L., Miller J.D., Brown T.M., Harshman R.S., Richerson G.T., Doyle J.J.
Economic impact of the BP downshift program on blood pressure control among commercial driver license employees
The objective of this study was to assess the economic impact of a hypertension educational and awareness programme commercial drivers employed by a power generation and distribution company in the United States. An economic simulation model was developed to evaluate the costs and benefits of implementing the programme. Results showed a 16.3% (more than USD 540,000) reduction in costs for a sample of 499 drivers over two years. On a per-employee basis, annual cost savings were estimated to be USD 542.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 2009, Vol.51, No.5, p.542-553. Illus. 53 ref.

CIS 09-920 Occupational exposures at nuclear power plants
Since 1992, the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) programme supports the optimisation of worker radiological protection in nuclear power plants through a worldwide communication and experience exchange network for radiation protection professionals at nuclear power plants and national regulatory authorities, and through the publication of relevant technical resources. This 17th annual report of the ISOE programme presents the status of the programme for the year 2007.
OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Le Seine Saint-Germain, 12 boulevard des Iles. 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, 2009. 120p. Illus.
http://www.nea.fr/html/rp/reports/2009/nea6386-ISOE.pdf [in English]

2008

CIS 11-0287 Frost S., Mogridge R.
Health and Safety Executive
Physiological safety of airfed suit use during nuclear decommissioning
Most nuclear decommissioning operations require work to be done by employees working in potentially hazardous environments. Operatives conducting this work are required to wear air-fed suits (AFSs) to minimise risks from radioactive particulate hazards. The objective of this literature survey was to review existing legislation, guidance and standards applicable to AFS use in nuclear decommissioning work, with respect to the physiological safety of the wearer.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2008. vi, 25p. 51 ref.
HSE_Research_Report_658.pdf [in English]

CIS 09-112 Waché O.
Renewable energy - New skills, new hazards
Energies renouvelables - A nouveaux métiers, nouveaux risques [in French]
Wind, solar and geothermal energy are expected to grow strongly in the coming years. However, their implementation raises new hazards for the construction industry, which are discussed in this special feature. Contents: forecasts; prospects for the construction industry; risks during the mounting of solar panels (falls, sunstrokes); risks when erecting windmills.
Prévention BTP, Sep. 2008, No.110, p.36-46. Illus.

CIS 08-1291 Kubale T., Hiratzka S., Henn S., Markey A., Daniels R., Utterback D., Waters K., Silver S., Robinson C., Macievic G., Lodwick J.
A cohort mortality study of chemical laboratory workers at Department of Energy nuclear plants
This study evaluated the mortality causes of 6157 chemical laboratory workers employed at United States Department of Energy facilities. All cause, all cancer and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios were calculated. Cox regression analyses were conducted to further evaluate the relation between chemical exposure and mortality risk due to selected cancers. The mortality due to all causes combined and all cancers combined were below expectation for the cohort. There were no statistically significant elevations reported among men for any specific cancer or non-cancer outcome. Neither were there any statistically significant elevations among women for any specific non-cancer and most specific cancers; however, multiple myeloma deaths were significantly elevated (SMR=3.56). Statistically significant elevations of leukaemia were observed among workers employed 20 years or more, together with a statistically-significant trend of elevated lung cancer mortality with increasing employment duration. Other findings are discussed.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 2008, Vol.51, No.9, p.656-667. 39 ref.

CIS 08-922 Valkonen J., Pettersson V., Björkman K., Holmberg J.E., Koskimies M., Heljanko K., Niemelä I.
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Model-based analysis of an arc protection and an emergency cooling system - MODSAFE 2007 work report
This report describes model-checking techniques applied to an arc protection system and to an emergency nuclear reactor cooling system. Model checking tools consist typically of a modelling language for modelling the system to be verified, a specification language (or temporal logic) for expressing the properties to be verified and a set of analysis tools to check that the system satisfies the given properties. Using a state-of-the-art open source model checking system, it was possible to adequately model both systems, to formulate required safety properties in the specification language and to perform a full verification of the properties. This work shows that current model checking techniques are applicable in the analysis of safety instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants.
VTT Information Service, P.O.Box 2000, 02044 VTT, Finland, 2008. 54p. Illus. 3 ref.
http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/workingpapers/2008/W93.pdf [in English]

2007

CIS 09-744 Campo G., Fattorini E.
Human resource management in organizational change and the issue of mobbing: An Italian experience
La gestione delle risorse umane nelle organizzazioni che cambiano e la problematica del mobbing: un'esperienza italiana [in Italian]
Staff redundancies that often result from mergers and organizational changes in the business world are difficult to implement in public sector companies, where such changes often lead to mobbing. The objective of this survey of the power sector, which in recent years has been affected by considerable organizational changes, was to determine the frequency and risk factors of mobbing. Data were collected by means of questionnaires. Findings show a working environment that tends to isolate and alienate a significant number of workers, one out of three, who explicitly claimed that they felt victims of psychological violence and also felt useless and little appreciated in performing a meaningless job. On the whole, women and older workers tend to be the most exposed to psychological abuse. The older were not old enough to benefit from early retirement schemes and who, like women, were unable to return to the labour market with confidence after years of harassment and humiliation.
Prevenzione oggi, 2nd quarter 2007, Vol.3, No.2, p.37-45. Illus. 13 ref.
http://prevenzioneoggi.ispesl.it/pdf%5Cric2007_02_2_it.pdf [in Italian]
http://prevenzioneoggi.ispesl.it/pdf%5Cric2007_02_2_en.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-933 Telle-Lamberton M., Samson E., Caër S., Bergot D., Bard D., Bermann F., Gélas J.M., Giraud J.M., Hubert P., Metz-Flamant C., Néron M.O., Quesne B., Tirmache M., Hill C.
External radiation exposure and mortality in a cohort of French nuclear workers
The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of external radiation exposure on the mortality of French nuclear workers. A cohort of 29,204 workers employed between 1950 and 1994 at the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) or at the General Company of Nuclear Fuel (Areva) was followed up for an average of 17.8 years. Standardized mortality ratios were computed with reference to French mortality rates. Dose-effect relationships were analysed through trend tests and Poisson regression, with linear and log-linear models. A healthy worker effect was observed, the number of deaths in the cohort being 59% of the number expected from national mortality statistics. Among the 21 main cancer sites studied, a statistically significant excess was observed only for skin melanoma, while an excess of borderline statistical significance was observed for multiple myeloma. A dose-effect relationship was observed for leukaemia after exclusion of chronic lymphoid leukaemia. Other findings are discussed.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2007, Vol.64, No.10, p.694-700. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 08-918 Hoszowski A., Pojnar M.
Experience gained during the operation of underground gas storage facilities - Problems and their solutions
Doświadczenia z dotychczasowej pracy podziemnych magazynów gazu - problemy i sposoby ich rozwiązywania [in Polish]
The experience gained over a 27-year period during the operation of underground gas storage facilities in various localities in South-Eastern Poland (Husów, Swarzów, Strachocina and Brzeźnica) is presented. The limitations resulting from the conditions of the bed and those of technical nature are discussed, together with problems occurring during the operation of the storage facilities and the methods used to solve them.
WUG Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie, 2007, No.5 (153), p.14-19. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 08-272
Health and Safety Executive
Gas appliances: Get them checked - Keep them safe
This leaflet aimed at users of gas appliances explains the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning when using defective equipment. It describes the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, gives guidance on what should never be done and on the frequency of safety checks. It also recalls that gas appliances are covered by the Gas and Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 (see CIS 00-924).
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Oct. 2002, reprinted 2007. 8p. Illus. 2 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg238.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-187 Obadia I.J., Vidal M.C.R., E Melo P.F.F:F.
An adaptive management system for hazardous technology organizations
This article presents a safety management system developed and implemented at a Brazilian nuclear research and development facility. It comprises a day-to-day based organizational framework which treats safety as one of the organizational strategic objectives and provides a continuous adaptation of the complex causal inter-relationships which occur between the implementation of new management practices and the organizational safety culture. The system was found to be effective in making safety culture enhancement and continuous organizational improvement possible.
Safety Science, Mar. 2007, Vol.45, No.3, p.373-396. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 07-1455 Karipidis K., Benke G., Sim M., Fritschi L., Yost M., Armstrong B., Hughes A.M., Grulich A., Vajdic C.M., Kaldor J.M., Kricker A.
Occupational exposure to power frequency magnetic fields and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) due to occupational exposure to magnetic fields of 50-60Hz. The study population consisted of 694 cases of NHL, first diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2001, and 694 controls from two regions in Australia, matched by age, sex and region of residence. A detailed occupational history was given by each subject. Occupational exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields was estimated using a specially-developed job-exposure matrix. The odds ratio (OR) for workers in the upper quartile of exposure was 1.48 compared to the referent group. When the exposure was lagged by five years the OR was 1.59. Adjusting for other occupational exposures did not significantly alter the results. These findings provide weak support for the hypothesis that occupational exposure to 50-60Hz magnetic fields increases the risk of NHL.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2007, Vol.64, No.1, p.25-29. Illus. 34 ref.

2006

CIS 08-375 Hicks J., Yager J.
Airborne crystalline silica concentrations at coal-fired power plants associated with coal fly ash
This study presents the results of the measurements of airborne concentrations of crystalline silica dust in the breathing zone of workers exposed to fly ash. Six plants were studied; two were fired with lignite, and the other four used bituminous and sub-bituminous coals. A total of 108 personal breathing zone respirable dust air samples were collected. The results from bituminous and sub-bituminous fired plants revealed that the highest airborne fly ash concentrations are encountered during maintenance activities: 0.008mg/m³ to 96mg/m³ (mean of 1.8mg/m³). This group exceeded the threshold limit values (TLV) in 60% of the air samples. During normal production activities, airborne concentrations of crystalline silica ranged from non-detectable to 0.18mg/m³ (mean value of 0.048mg/m³). Other findings concerning the particle sizes and the crystalline forms of silica are discussed.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 2006, Vol.3, No.8, p.448-455. 19 ref.

CIS 08-475 Stone A., Usher D., Marklin R., Seeley P., Yager J.W.
Case study for underground workers at an electric utility: How a research institution, university, and industry collaboration improved occupational health through ergonomics
Two ergonomic intervention teams were created at a medium-sized electric power utility to identify tasks with risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and propose ergonomic interventions for these tasks. Both teams focused on tasks performed by underground workers: one team focused on manhole-vault tasks and the other team focused on direct-buried cable job tasks. Several of the ergonomic interventions were tested at a university ergonomics laboratory. The results of one of the laboratory experiments indicated that a 2nd class lever tool reduced muscle forces required to remove and replace a manhole cover, compared with a T-handle attached to a hook and chain. The results of another laboratory experiment demonstrated that a battery-powered cutter reduced muscle forces to cut cable as compared to a manual cutting tool.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Aug. 2006, Vol.3, No.8, p.397-407. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 07-693 Päivinen M.
Electricians' perception of work-related risks in cold climate when working in high places
Work on telecommunications and electricity transmission masts can be especially demanding in cold winter climates. This study sought to evaluate workers' perception of work-related risks in the above conditions with special reference to the use of hand tools. A questionnaire and interviews about workers' risk perception were used. A total of 170 questionnaires were sent, of which 118 were returned. Six respondents were also interviewed. It is concluded that in both the telecommunications and electricity transmission sectors, tools, ice and equipment falling from masts were the greatest perceived risks, and preventing such occurrences is the key to any improvement of safety.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, July 2006, Vol.36, No.7, p.661-670. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 07-355
Health and Safety Executive
The health and safety risks and regulatory strategy related to energy developments
This report was published in response to a request from the United Kingdom Energy Ministry for a review of the potential occupational safety and health risks that might arise from some specific energy developments. It covers safety and health issues associated with natural gas storage, carbon capture and storage, renewable energy sources, distributed generation, nuclear power stations and cleaner coal technologies. The report concludes that the existing safety and health system of the United Kingdom is flexible enough to deal with possible hazards related to energy developments and to achieve sensible risk management.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2006. 149p. Illus. 112 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/consult/condocs/energyreview/energyreport.pdf [in English]

CIS 07-432 Montiel-López M., Corzo-Alvarez G., Chacín-Almarza B., Rojas-González L., Quevedo A., Lubo-Palma A., Rendiles H.
Prevalence and characterization of hearing loss among workers exposed to industrial noise in the electricity turbogeneration plant of a petrochemical complex
Prevalencia y caracterización de la pérdida auditiva en trabajadores expuestos a ruido industrial de una planta eléctrica turbogenerada en un complejo petroquímico [in Spanish]
This study investigated the impact of occupational exposure to noise and its relationship with other factors that can induce hearing loss among workers in the electricity generating plant of a petrochemical complex in Venezuela. A cross-sectional study was conducted that involved medical examinations and audiometric tests on 75 workers. The equivalent noise levels (Leq) were quantified at various workplaces. It was found that most of the workers were exposed to high noise levels (>85dBA) and for more than the recommended time. All workers used hearing protectors appropriately. Although the hearing loss prevalence in workers was 16.0%, it was not possible to prove that it was noise induced. The hearing threshold registered in the audiometric tests was diminished, but remained within normal threshold values. Twelve cases of grade I conductive hearing loss were diagnosed, with no sensorial or mixed hearing losses. No relationship was found between the equivalent noise level and hearing loss. Recommendations for workers' protection are made, including the implementation of a hearing protection programme.
Investigación Clínica, June 2006, Vol.47, No.2, p.117-131. 40 ref.

CIS 07-428 Forero A., Arcila J.D., Guerra P.L., Ospina F.C., Ravemark D., Normark B.
Safety in the electricity sector
Seguridad - Sector eléctrico [in Spanish]
Contents of this collection of articles on safety in the electricity sector: activities of the Columbian commission on safety and health in the electricity sector; main hazards and causes of accidents; legislative framework; hazards related to interventions on electrical systems (electrical hazards, methods of protection against electrical hazards, evaluation of vulnerability to electrical hazards, safety of electrical installations); basic principles of electrical safety; history leading to the definition of the Technical Regulations applicable to electrical installations in Columbia (RETIE); advantages of buried electrical cables compared to overhead lines.
Protección y seguridad, July-Aug. 2006, Vol.52, No.308, p.38-79. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 07-437 Bortkiewicz A., Gadzicka E., Zmyślony M., Szymczak W.
Neurovegetative disturbances in workers exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields
This study was undertaken to assess autonomic function in workers occupationally exposed to 50Hz electromagnetic fields (EMFs) by analyzing the heart rate variability. The study group comprised 63 workers of switchyard substations, aged 22-67 years and a control group of 42 workers with no EMF exposure. To assess the neurovegetative regulation of the cardiac function, heart rate variability (HRV) was analysed based on 512 normal heart beats recorded at rest. The relative risk of decreased HRV, calculated with use of a logistic regression model, was significantly higher in the exposed group than in controls (odds ratio 2.8). It is concluded that occupational exposure to 50Hz EMF could influence the neurovegetative regulation of the cardiovascular system.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1st quarter 2006, Vol.19, No.1, p.53-60. 37 ref.

CIS 07-206 Brasseur G., Cheneau V., Bondéelle A.
Wind turbines - Safety, higher and higher
Eoliennes - La sécurité, toujours plus haut [in French]
Contents of this collection of articles on wind turbines: overview of current French installations and major planned investments in France and in Europe; summary of a survey carried out in a region of France on the safety and working conditions during the design phase, construction, erection and operation of wind turbines.
Travail et sécurité, May 2006, No.662, p.21-31. Illus. 4 ref.
http://www.travail-et-securite.fr/ArchivesTS/ArchivesTS.nsf/(allDocParRef)/TS662page21_1/$File/TS662page21.pdf?OpenElement [in French]

2005

CIS 06-590 Carrier M.
Occupational safety and health in the Quebec nuclear industry
La prévention dans l'industrie nucléaire au Québec [in French]
This article describes the occupational safety and health system adopted by a nuclear power station in Quebec, Canada. It is based on five principles, namely: empowerment of supervisors and workers; compliance with standards, procedures and directives; training of personnel; behavioural improvements; continuous improvement through clear information and the continuous measurement of performance.
Travail et santé, Sep. 2005, Vol.21, No.3, p.18-20. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 06-29 Naso M.
Beware of the dog. Utility workers need training and knowledge to avoid canine attacks
Utility workers encounter hundreds of dogs each month and are often attacked. Dog bites can cause severe physical and emotional damage. Good training and information can help reduce these incidents. This article provides basic guidance on avoiding attacks from dogs and on what to do if bitten by a dog.
Safety and Health, Sep. 2005, Vol.172, No.3, p.52-55. Illus. 2 ref.

2004

CIS 06-946 Johansen C.
Electromagnetic fields and health effects - Epidemiologic studies of cancer, diseases of the central nervous system and arrhythmia-related heart disease
This epidemiological investigation comprised separate studies of the risk of cancer, cause-specific mortality rates, risks for neurodegenerative diseases and the risk of cardiac arrhythmia among employees exposed to extremely-low frequency (50Hz) electromagnetic fields in the Danish utility industry. The risk for cancers considered to be possibly associated with the radiofrequency fields emitted by mobile telephones was also examined in a large cohort of mobile telephone users. On the basis of these studies and of the scientific literature, it is concluded that occupational exposure to 50Hz electromagnetic fields is not associated with the overall risk of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases or cardiovascular diseases, although there is some indication that these fields (or some other unknown factor related to alternating current electricity) may be associated with the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 2004, Vol.30, Suppl.1, p.1-80 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 04-339 Mikkelsen A., Saksvik P.
The relationship between systematic OHS management and sick leave
The aim of this study was to describe the level of occupational health and safety (OHS) management system (OHSMS) implementation in the Norwegian energy sector, and to investigate whether it had any bearing on workers' health. A sample of 13 electricity companies was surveyed. Data were collected through two postal questionnaire surveys, followed by selective interviews of key personnel. Most companies had established OHSMS and had satisfactory mapping systems for sick leave and risks. However in many enterprises, there were gaps with respect to the evaluation of psychosocial factors, the systematic follow-up of OHS issues at meetings, and interventions to improve conditions. The study showed that there was a relationship between activities at the organizational level and sick leave measured at both individual and organizational levels.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Apr. 2004, Vol.20, No.2, p.169-179. 42 ref.

CIS 04-308 Telle-Lamberton M., Bergot D., Gagneau M., Samson E., Giraud J.M., Néron M.O., Hubert P.
Cancer mortality among French atomic energy commission workers
All causes and cancer mortality of 58,320 workers employed at French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique) between 1946 and 1994 were compared with that of the general population in a retrospective cohort study. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. Between 1968 and 1994, 4,809 deaths occurred. A healthy worker effect is observed for both men (SMR=0.57) and women (SMR=0.72). Nine sites of cancer death were found to be in statistically significant deficit among men, none among women. An excess of pleural cancers (SMR=1.79) and malignant melanoma (SMR=1.50) are observed among men, while a marginally-significant excess of breast cancer is observed among women (SMR =1.14).
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Jan. 2004, Vol.45, No.1, p.34-44. 56 ref.

CIS 04-187 Code of practice for manufactured gas pipe installation
This standard specifies the design considerations, prohibitions, material specifications, installation requirements, inspection, pressure tests, purging, admittance of gas and maintenance for gas installation piping, from downstream of the gas service isolation valve to the appliance connecting points. It applies only to gas installation piping for the conveyance of town gas and natural gas at operating pressures of up to 20kPa.
SPRING Singapore, 2 Bukit Merah Central, Singapore 159835, Republic of Singapore, 2004. 46p. Illus. 27 ref. Price: SGD 40.00.

2003

CIS 03-1813 Hartwig S., Rupp A., Puls E., Kim J.H., Binder F.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin
Cleaning and maintenance of industrial installations: Exposure to substances
Reinigung und Instandhaltung von Industrieanlagen: Stoffbelastungen [in German]
A total of 175 job observations were carried out in 12 companies during cleaning, maintenance and repair work. The average time needed for the tasks was recorded, and the organization workflow related to the tasks was noted. Moreover, respiratory and dermal exposures were assessed for the distinct tasks during non-normal production modes. The provision conditions and the type and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) were noted. It was found that in approximately 25% of the cases investigated, hazardous substances were present in concentrations considerably exceeding the recommended threshold values. The PPEs were wrongly used more than 75% of the cases, and were wrongly dimensioned or not correctly provided in 50% of the cases.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. xvii, 168p. Illus. 57 ref. Price: EUR 16.50.

CIS 03-1844 Podziemski T., Michalczyk J., Bałut H.
Safe and ecological gas filling of systems and installations: Vacuum method
Bezpieczne i ekologiczne napełnianie gazem sieci i instalacji: Metoda próżniowa [in Polish]
This article describes a new vacuum-based method for the filling of systems and installations with gases. It is claimed that this method eliminates the possibility of explosive mixture formation and the release of gases to the atmosphere during the gas filling procedure.
Bezpieczeństwo pracy, Mar. 2003, No.3, p.28-29. Illus.

CIS 03-1341
Health and Safety Executive
Control of safety risks at gas turbines used for power generation
This guidance note is aimed at manufacturers, suppliers and operators of gas turbines (GTs) used for electrical power generation. It mentions the various hazards associated with GTs and describes ways in which they can be eliminated or prevented. Contents: fuels; hazards (leaks, ignition, explosion, noise, mechanical hazards, electric shock); risk assessment; precautions against fire; precautions against explosion; ventilation; GT purging; gas detectors; control systems; fuel supply systems; gas fuel; additional explosion precautions for liquid fuels and oils; access control; gas compressor stations; emergency procedures; limiting and preventing mechanical failures; electrical issues; electromagnetic radiation; legal requirements. Replaces CIS 01-530.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., May 2003. 12p. 22 ref. Price: GBP 7.00.

CIS 03-1481 Niedhammer I., Chea M.
Psychosocial factors at work and self reported health: Comparative results of cross sectional and prospective analyses of the French GAZEL cohort
To explore the relationship between psychosocial factors at work and self-reported health, cross-sectional and prospective analyses were carried out on data from a large occupational cohort of men and women employed at a large French gas and electricity utility. Psychosocial factors at work were evaluated using the Karasek questionnaire, designed to measure psychological demands, decision latitude, social support and physical demands. Self-reported health was used as health outcome. Variables analysed included chronic diseases, and socio-demographic, occupational and behavioural factors. Cross-sectional analysis revealed significant associations between psychological demands, decision latitude, social support and physical demands, as well as self-reported health for both men and women. Prospective analysis showed that high psychological demands for both sexes, low decision authority for men, and low social support and high physical demands for women, were related to poor self-reported health. These results were independent of potential confounding variables.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 2003, Vol.60, No.7, p.509-515. 47 ref.

CIS 03-691 Challenges and opportunities facing public utilities
Les défis à relever et les tendances à saisir par les services publics de distribution [in French]
Los retos y oportunidades que se plantean a los servicios públicos [in Spanish]
This report was presented for discussion at a tripartite meeting on challenges and opportunities facing public utilities. It reviews some of the continuing trends concerning the sector's employment and social issues and considers the role of multinational enterprises in the sector and the impact of mergers and acquisitions. Renewable energy and sustainable development are also key challenges that open up opportunities for governments, employers and workers. The case of water utilities is also specifically examined, as this sector embarks on the path that electricity and gas have already started. A chapter is devoted to occupational safety and health in this sector. Finally, the report reflects on the importance of social dialogue in a rapidly globalizing industry.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. v, 79p. Illus. 17 ref. Price: CHF 17.50.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/tmcopu03/tmcopu-r.pdf [in English]
http://www.ilo.org/public/french/dialogue/sector/techmeet/tmcopu03/tmcopu-r.pdf [in French]
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/tmwfci03/tmwfci-r.pdf [in Spanish]

2002

CIS 08-275
Health and Safety Executive
Landlords - A guide to landlords' duties: Gas and Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998
This leaflet aimed at landlords explains some of the main requirements of the Gas and Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 (see CIS 00-924), namely: main duties of the landlord; equipment covered by the Regulations, landlord's responsibilities; possible penalties faced by landlord if the tenants' gas appliances are not maintained; what to do in the event of a gas escape.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Oct. 2002. 8p. 1 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg285.pdf [in English]

CIS 05-683 Hopkins A.
Lessons from Longford: The trial
This special issue details the legal consequences of the explosion at a gas plant in 1998 in Longford, near Melbourne, Australia, and in particular the criminal trial which took place in 2001 which ruled that the operator of the plant had failed in its duty of care to its employees under the Occupational Health and Safety Act 1985 (CIS 88-1751). Topics covered: introduction; the charges; the company's defence; sentencing; learning from Longford; new bill on corporate manslaughter; conclusion. The complete sentence is included in an appendix.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Dec. 2002, Vol.18, No.6, p.1-72 (whole issue). Bibl.ref. Index.

CIS 03-366 Donaldson T.
Electrostatic hazards
The discharge of static electricity is a cause of many industrial accidents, particularly in the chemical and process industries where solvents or other flammable or explosive materials are often present in large quantities. This special issue on electrostatic hazards presents several brief case studies and short communications on topics including: safety of air-driven lamps used in hazardous areas; electrostatic hazards of pouring powdered chemicals into vessels; case of a flash fire during filling of an flexible intermediate bulk container; case of a fire at a gas processing plant; loss of a radioactive static eliminator device in a plastics processing plant.
Loss Prevention Bulletin, June 2002, No.165, p.3-17. Illus.

CIS 03-377
Health and Safety Executive
Safety audit of Dounreay 1998 - Final report 2001
A detailed audit of safety management at the Dounreay nuclear site was conducted in 1998. The audit report made 143 recommendations. Interim reports were published in 1999 and 2000 on the progress made in implementing the recommendations (see CIS 00-1438). This final report groups the original recommendations into three kinds: those that have been implemented, those that will be implemented over the medium term, and those that will be implemented as part of the site's long-term restoration plan after decommissioning. Contents: responses of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Agency (UKAEA) to the audit recommendations; Dounreay site restoration plan; implications for other UKAEA sites; conclusions.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Jan. 2002. viii, 112p. Illus. 10 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/nsd/auditfin.pdf [in English]

CIS 02-1804 Saragoussi D., Chevalier A., de Chazal T., Hazard B., Lahon G.
Asbestos-related diseases compensated by Electricité-de-France et Gaz-de-France: A retrospective 23-year study
Les maladies professionnelles liés à l'amiante indemnisées à Electricité-de-France et Gaz-de-France: résultats d'une enquête rétrospective sur 23 ans [in French]
The purpose of this study was to characterize the trends in compensated asbestos-related diseases among employees of the French national electrical and gas utility (Electricité-de-France and Gaz-de-France, EDF-GDF), with respect to their nature and frequency, the age and sex of the victims, clinical peculiarities, exposure locations and duration, latency and lag times, levels and delays of compensation. A retrospective study was carried out involving the 704 cases compensated between 1977 and 2000 based on information obtained from the medical archives of the health insurance fund covering these industries. It was found that non-malignant pleural pathologies were the most frequent (68%), followed by pulmonary fibrosis (11.4%) and mesothelioma (11.2%). Lung cancer represented 9.3% of these diseases. There was a dramatic increase in overall frequency from 1996. Most persons who declare these occupational diseases are retired; their mean age is 61.6 years old and is significantly rising. The population is essentially male. Average exposure and latency times are 23.5 and 36.8 years, respectively. The mean compensation delay is 29.5 months but getting progressively shorter.
Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Dec. 2002, Vol.63, No.8, p.609-621. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 02-1705 Nakata A., Tanigawa T., Fujioka Y., Kitamura F., Iso H., Shimamoto T.
Association of low job control with a decrease in memory (CD4+CD45RO+) T lymphocytes in Japanese middle-aged male workers in an electric power plant
To clarify the relationship between perceived job stress and lymphocyte sub-populations, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 231 male electric power plant workers (aged 40 to 60, mean 46 years). Job stress was assessed by means of the Japanese version of the Job Content Questionnaire. Blood samples were taken from all the workers, and numbers of CD4+T lymphocyte sub-populations, total CD4+T, T(CD3+1) lymphocytes, CD16CD56+ natural killer cells, total lymphocytes and white blood cells were determined. After controlling for age, number of cigarettes smoked per day, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, job demands, and social support at work, numbers of memory (CD4+CD45RO+)T, total CD4+T, and total T(CD3+) lymphocytes were positively correlated with job control. Neither job demands nor social support at work showed significant correlation with lymphocyte subpopulations.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2002, Vol.40, No.2, p.142-148. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 02-890 Batra P.E., Ioannides M.G.
Assessment of electrical accidents in power industry
This article is an assessment of the electrocutions that occurred between 1992 and 1996 to workers in the electrical utility sector in Greece. Data concerning the occupational characteristics of the injured person, the time (day of the week, time of the day) at which the accident occurred and the consequences are presented and discussed. A method for calculating the accident frequency rate per 1,000 workers, with emphasis on fatal accidents, is proposed. Also, an information system for accidents is proposed that would be capable of calculating the frequency and severity rates per workplace, per group, and per occupational category of the workers. It would also classify workers according to the occupational risks they face.
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Spring 2002, Vol.12, No.2, p.151-169. Illus. 21 ref.

2001

CIS 04-205 Pascual Benés A., Gadea Carrera E.
Radioactive facilities: Definition and operating standards
Instalaciones radiactivas: definición y normas para su funcionamiento [in Spanish]
This information note consists of an update of the note analysed under CIS 96-1035, taking into account the new Spanish Regulations on radioactive and nuclear facilities (RD 1836/1999, see CIS 04-23). Contents: definition and classification of nuclear facilities and the types of approvals required; definition and classification of radioactive facilities and types of approvals required; inspection of nuclear and radioactive facilities; approvals and qualifications required for personnel; duties and responsibilities of personnel; contents of the operations records; requirements with respect to archiving the documentation; other activities subjected to regulations.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2001. 6p. Illus. 7 ref.
http://internet.mtas.es/Insht/ntp/ntp_589.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1473 Bobko N.
Effects of stress on psychophysiological parameters of electricity distribution network controllers in Ukraine
Electricity distribution controllers are responsible for balancing supply and demand for electricity under planned and unforeseen equipment shut-downs and network disruptions. To study the effects of stress on the cognitive performance and the cardiovascular system of controllers, 16 controllers working 12-hour shifts were studied. A five-point scale was used to estimate the perceived level of stress. The most pronounced changes in heart rate, circulatory minute volume and Kerdo's vegetative index were found during the first day shift and less pronounced changes appeared during the first night shift. Effects of stress on the studied parameters were not found during the second consecutive day or night shift. Increased stress causes the activation of psychophysiological functions that are indispensable for ensuring work efficiency under increased production demands. However, the necessary activation could not be maintained during the second consecutive 12-hour shifts. There was no observed effect of stress on short-term memory.
Journal of Human Ergology, Dec. 2001, Vol.30, No.1-2, p.351-355. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 02-1776 Marconi A., Cavariani F., Carai A., Cacchioli G., Papandrea F., Cacchioli E.
Assessment of exposure to ceramic fibres during insulation operations in a thermoelectric power plant
Valutazione dell'esposizione a fibre ceramiche durante la coibentazione degli impianti di una centrale termoelettrica in costruzione [in Italian]
Personal and workplace sampling was performed during maintenance work on electrical equipment in a large thermal generating plant involving the handling of insulating blankets. In personal samples, levels of exposure to ceramic fibres of up to 1000 fibres/L were measured. Average concentration levels from area samples were consistently lower. Because of the carcinogenic potential of ceramic fibres, it is recommended that adequate working practices and control measures be introduced, including the adoption of pre-coated and pre-shaped fibrous materials whenever possible, isolation of the working area, use of local air extraction ventilation, use of garments for personal protection and respirators, use of wetting or binding liquids prior to removal and fast elimination of debris from the working area.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 2001, Vol.92, No.4, p.263-271. 25 ref.

CIS 02-1740 Slatin C.
Health and safety organizing: OCAW's worker-to-worker health and safety training program
The Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers International Union (OCAW) developed a hazardous waste worker and hazardous materials emergency responder health and safety training programme that was specific to its members in the represented industries. The objective of the programme is to develop worker-trainers to conduct the training using the Small-Group Activity Method, to participate in curriculum development, and ultimately to use health and safety training as a vehicle for identifying, developing, and mobilizing health and safety activists among the membership.
New Solutions, 2001, Vol.11, No.4, p.349-374. 32 ref.

CIS 02-1345 Priha E., Ahonen I., Oksa P.
Control of chemical risks during the treatment of soil contaminated with chlorophenol, creosote and copper-chrome-arsenic-wood preservatives
Exposure to chemicals was studied during the remediation of four polluted sites: a sawmill contaminated with chlorophenols, polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), a wood impregnating plant contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), an old gas works area contaminated with PAH, and a wood impregnation plant contaminated with copper-chromium-arsenic (CCA) preservative. Air monitoring showed that the exposure levels were generally well below the current occupational exposure limits. However, the recommended daily intake value for PCDD/F was exceeded. Chlorophenol exposure was generally low. Exposure to volatile PAH was 0.038-0.884mg/m³ and that to particulate PAH was 0.004-0.183mg/m³. The biomonitoring results (urinary 1-pyrenol) suggested that some exposure occurs, probably through the contamination of hands or skin absorption. Exposure limits were not exceeded at the site contaminated with CCA. More attention should be given to skin protection.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 2001, Vol.39, No.4, p.402-409. 30 ref.

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