Iron and steel industry - 375 entries found

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1982

CIS 83-805 Lobato Faria M.G.
Ministry of Labour (Ministério do Trabalho)
Contribution to the study of absenteeism in an iron and steel works (1974-75)
Contribuição para o estudo do absentismo numa empresa siderúrgica (1974 e 1975) [in Portuguese]
Analysis of absenteeism (due to occupational and non-occupational diseases and to occupational accidents) in a Portuguese iron and steel works for the period 1974 to 1975, using 4 criteria: workers' age; length of service; breakdown by manufacturing and administrative sectors; breakdown by the various manufacturing departments according to the task performed. Comparison between indices of workers' presence and indices of disability associated with long and short-term absenteeism.
Serviço de Informação Científica e Técnica (SICT), Praça de Londres 2, 1000 Lisboa, Portugal, 1982. 48p. Illus.

CIS 83-634
Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Education
Oxygen - Oxygen in the iron and steel industry
Oxygène - L'oxygène en sidérurgie [in French]
Safety rules are set out relating to: manually controlled and regulated outlets for miscellaneous use normally intended for supply to oxyacetylene burners for welding, oxyacetylene cutting and scarfing, and hand burning, deplugging or cutting lances (design and location of outlets); air enrichment; use of pure oxygen in steelworks (oxygen used without additives, oxygen used with powdered lime, bottom blowing with coolant, oxygen burners, oxygen lances).
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, P.O. Box 1003, Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, 1982. 26p. Illus. Price: BF.150.00.

CIS 83-255 Bergman P., Broms G., Lindahl P., Wallberg A.
Work at continuous casting plants, maintenance work at rolling mills - A summary of the research and development programme "Working conditions in the steel industry"
Stränggjutningsarbete - Underhållsarbete i valsverk - En sammanställning av Arbetsmiljölaboratoriets FoU-program Stålindustrins Arbetsmiljö [in Swedish]
Summary of research studies on working conditions in the steel industry carried out in Sweden in 1978-1981 dealing with work at continuous casting plants and maintenance work at rolling mills. The studies on continuous casting covered: measures to reduce heat exposure and steel spatter; analysis of accidents and hazardous activities; exhaust ventilation of fume and dust from casting moulds; improvement of working conditions in the relining of cold tundishes. The studies on maintenance and repair work at rolling mills covered: work organisation and occupational hazards in maintenance work at four rolling mills; improvement of the working conditions of maintenance and repair workers by the use of a mobile repair unit.
Arbetsmiljölaboratoriet, Tekniska Högskolan, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, 1982. 84p. 15 ref. Illus.

CIS 83-6 Musson Y.
Working on cranes - An investigation in an iron and steelworks
Werken op de kraan - Een onderzoek bij Hoogovens [in Dutch]
Abridged version of a report elaborated for the trade union of the largest Netherlands iron and steelworks. Sections cover: the right to good conditions of work; working on cranes (work involving responsibility, additional stress by reading instructions displayed on CRT screens); complaints about vibration and jerks (health hazards, involvement of inner organs); investigation into vibration and jerks on cranes (especially overhead travelling cranes: questionnaire survey of subjective complaints, causes of vibration and jerks); backache, joint disorders, sitting discomfort and stomach pains; other stress factors (heat, drawbacks of hermetically closed cabins, uncomfortable seats, vibrating cabin parts, draught, speed of work, postural constraints due to bad visibility); necessity of preventive maintenance and repairs to avoid equipment deterioration and to prevent vibration.
Industriebond FNV, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Apr. 1982. 28p. Illus.

CIS 83-251 Lafontaine M., Limasset J.C., Gregory P., Hubert G., Truy S.
Chemical hazards at the base of a blast furnace - Pollution due to the use of plugging materials
Nuisances chimiques au pied d'un haut fourneau - Pollution due à l'utilisation des masses de bouchage [in French]
The materials used to plug tapholes in blast furnaces usually give rise to the release of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons into the air. The nature of the atmospheric pollution at the base of blast furnaces is analysed. Description of atmospheric sampling at blast furnaces using plugging materials of various compositions. The use of materials containing no coal-based derivatives considerably reduces pollution levels. Similar measures should be taken to reduce emissions from materials used for the lining of tapping spouts.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 4th quarter 1982, No.109, Note No.1395-109-82, p.493-500. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 82-1855 Robinson C.F., Dement J.M., Ness G.O., Waxweiler R.J.
Mortality patterns of rock and slag mineral wool production workers: an epidemiological and environmental study
Report on an epidemiological and environmental study of fibre exposure and mortality patterns in rock and slag mineral wool production workers in a plant in operation since the early 1900s. Data from fibre counts and industrial hygiene surveys were used to evaluate current and past exposures and indicate that airborne fibre concentration did not exceed 2.5fibres/cm³ before 1935 and 1.0 fibre/cm³ after 1935. In a retrospective cohort mortality study, jobs were assigned to exposure categories to assess fibre exposure and the effect of other significant exposures on worker mortality. There was an increase in the number of deaths due to cancer of the digestive system and non-malignant respiratory disease in workers with over 20-years' fibre exposure or who had survived 20 years since their first exposure to mineral wool.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1982, Vol.39, No.1, p.45-53. 32 ref.

CIS 82-1573 Hettinger T., Budich E., Peter H., Sonnenschein G.
Climatic conditions at working places in the metal producing and processing industry
Situation climatique aux postes de travail dans les industries productrices et transformatrices métallurgiques et sidérurgiques [in French]
Review of present knowledge, problems which arise and solutions found, regarding work at high temperature. Microclimatic factors (fundamental principles, heat exchange, measuring methods for microclimatic factors, criteria for overall evaluation of heat environment, evaluation of microclimate and marginal values). Microclimate and energy expenditure data for various activities in very hot workplaces (in the iron and steel industry). A large part of this booklet is devoted to protective measures in hot workplaces: filter glasses, water cooling, wire netting, thermal shields, chain screens, air curtains, ergonomic and organisational protection, personal protective equipment, medical prevention (grounds for excluding certain workers from employment in hot workplaces), drinks.
Internationale Sektion der IVSS für die Verhütung von Arbeitsunfällen und Berufskrankheiten in der eisen- und metallerzeugenden Industrie, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, no date. 51p. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 82-1046 Honda N.
Hazardous gas monitoring system
Problems related to a system used for monitoring of hazardous gases in the steel industry are reviewed. Details are provided of improvements obtained in monitoring equipment using semi-conductor elements. New devices based on controlled potential electrolysis and improvements in the maintenance system are used in the observation of personal exposures.
Journal of Labour Hygiene in the Iron and Steel Industry - Tekko Rōdō Eisei, 1982, Vol.32, No.2, p.52-56. Illus. Price: Yen 150.

1981

CIS 83-1673 Udo H., Tokunaga S., Yoshinaga F.
Study on the relationship between aging, body weight and blood pressure in blast-furnace workers over 12 years
A 12 year monitoring of the body weight and blood pressure of 13 blast-furnace workers revealed that: average increase in body weight was 5kg and 20% of the sample exceeded the national weight standard; a significant increase in blood pressure occurred with large individual differences.
Journal of Labour Hygiene in the Iron and Steel Industry - Tekko Rōdō Eisei, Aug. 1981, Vol.30, No.3, p.8-12. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 83-1425 Belickaja Ė.N.
Working conditions of open-hearth steelworkers from the physiological and hygienic viewpoints
Fiziologo-gigieničeskaja harakteristika truda staleplavil'ščikov v uslovijah martenovskogo proizvodstva [in Russian]
Analysis of the workplace environment and medical examination of the workers in an open-hearth steelworks showed that the heat, intense noise, airborne dust and gases had adverse effects on the neuromuscular systems of the workers. Total levels and CrO₃ and MnO₂ contents of dust at the workstation are tabulated as function of task. Concentrations of Mn and other metals determined except Cr were below offical TLVs. Furnacemen and those working in their area are exposed to the worst conditions. Ways of improving working conditions are proposed; dust suppression is stressed.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, May 1981, No.5, p.9-11. 9 ref.

CIS 83-527 Nemery B., Moavero N.E., Mawet M., Kivits A., Brasseur L., Stanescu D.
Symptomatology and lung function in iron and steel workers
Etude de la symptomatologie et de la fonction pulmonaire chez les sidérurgistes [in French]
Study of the respiratory state of 272 iron and steel workers aged 45 to 55 (by means of a questionnaire and of several respiratory function tests) and research into the influence of smoking. To evaluate the influence of workplace pollution, a group of 163 persons were classified according to their smoking habits and to their place of work (LD steel plant and continuous casting line on the one hand, plate rolling mill on the other). Non-smokers in the steel plant and on the casting line (12) had a significantly lower specific airways conductance and a higher closing volume than non-smokers in the rolling mill (11). In steel plant workers there was airflow obstruction revealed by the FEV₁/VC ratio and by the V_{max 50} and V_{max 75} expiratory flowrates. Amongst the 99 smokers and 41 non-smokers, no difference was noted from one workplace to another. These results suggest that steel plant and casting line workers were subjected to moderate but detectable effects of industrial pollution. These effects appear to be masked by those of smoking in smokers and ex-smokers.
Revue de l'Institut d'hygiène des mines - Tijdschrift van het Instituut voor mijnhygiëne, 1981, Vol.36, No.3, p.198-218. Illus. 80 ref.

CIS 83-588 Čukmasova G.T., Poljanskaja T.N.
Particular aspects of the physiological basis of work-rest schedules for operators controlling continuous processes in the iron and steel industry
Nekotorye osobennosti fiziologičeskogo obosnovanija režimov truda i otdyha operatorov, zanjatyh na nepreryvnyh processah v černoj metallurgii [in Russian]
A study of the tasks performed by rolling mill operators revealed a number of stress factors (sustained vigilance during most hot rolling operations, high frequency of manipulations at control desks of non-automated mills, etc.). Thanks to the establishment of quantitative criteria for assessing the operators' visual-motor reactions and vigilance it was possible to evaluate their workload. The tasks of blooming, section and tube rolling-mill operators turned out to be rather stressing. The physiological stress indicating parameters serve as a basis for the introduction of task-specific work-rest schedules.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Apr. 1981, No.4, p. 4-7. 6 ref.

CIS 83-254 Efanov P.D., Karnauh N.N.
Occupational safety in the iron and steel industry - Code of practice
Bezopasnost' truda v osnovnyh proizvodstvah černoj metallurgii - Spravočnik [in Russian]
Sections deal with: general safety requirements (trends, layout of premises, equipment safety, planning and design); underground and opencast ore mining (USSR legislation, mine ventilation, shotfiring, machinery); ore sintering; blast furnace operations; steel making (open-hearth and electric furnaces, converters, teeming, continuous casting); rolling mill operations; tube making; coking plant operations; manufacture of refractories; safety in ferro-alloy plants; wire drawing and hardware manufacture; scrap processing.
Izdatel'stvo "Metallurgija", 2-j Obydenskij per.14, 119034 Moskva, USSR, 1981. 245p. 63 ref. Price: Rbl.1.60.

CIS 82-1895 Iljuščenko V.I., Nemcov N.S., Markin A.D., Iljuščenko A.N.
Study of the heat radiation during steel teeming
Issledovanie teplovyh izlučenij pri vypuske stali [in Russian]
Measurements of the heat radiated from the hot surfaces of open-hearth furnaces and during steel teeming revealed that the heat load sustained by the furnacemen depends on the mass of the charge and on the furnace campaign. A diagram shows the heat loads sustained during furnace charging, slag tapping, steel teeming and ancillary operations. The workers performing these operations should use heat-protective screens, aprons, air-cooled clothing, etc. Furnace operations involving strenuous work should be mechanised.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Mar. 1981, No.3, p.70-71. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 82-1546 Ripanucci G.
Dust and fume control in iron and steelworks
Possibilità d'invervento contro polveri et fumi in siderurgia [in Italian]
Review of the principles of a dust and fume control programme, emphasising that exhaust ventilation is but one measure among others and that respiratory protective equipment should never be considered more than a complementary approach. These principles are applied to the case of iron and steelworks where atmospheric contamination is particularly high. The importance of detailed study of the nature of the atmospheric contaminants is emphasized, and typical examples of the application of these control principles are given: substitution of less harmful materials (e.g. refractory materials), modification of work procedures (e.g. automation of ingot fettling), total isolation of dust or fume source (enclosure of conveyors carrying particulate materials, piped charging system for furnaces), ventilation (maximisation of the effect of natural air movements, use of local exhaust ventilation installations in various sectors of iron and steelworks).
Rivista degli infortuni e delle malattie professionali, July-Aug. 1981, Vol.48, No.4, p.465-476. 15 ref. Illus.

CIS 82-1426 Laitinen H.
Study of risk situations in the Imatra steelworks
Vahingonvalvonnan kokeilu Imatran terästehtaassa [in Finnish]
Report of a study in a major Finnish steelworks to determine how the establishment of a system for reporting accident hazards by production and maintenance workers can be used in the prevention of occupational accidents. The reporting system is described. Workers willingly reported situations they considered dangerous, and this often led to safety measures being taken. There was a statistically significant relation between the level of reporting activity and the accident trend in a given section of the plant; this was attributed to a change in safety attitude and behaviour in the workers in question. 14% of reported dangerous situations concerned the hazards of breakdowns or delayed repairs; intensified preventive maintenance might improve this situation. The system proved effective, that it should be adopted by other firms, and that the labour protection administration in Finland should provide guidance to firms setting up similar reporting systems.
Työsuojeluhallitus, Tampere, Finland, 1981. 80p. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 82-833
USSR State Standards Committee (Gosudarstvennyj komitet SSSR po standartam)
Foundry work - Safety rules
Raboty litejnye - Trebovanija bezopasnosti [in Russian]
This standard (effective 1 July 1982) applies to the production of ferrous and non-ferrous metal castings. Sections cover: general requirements (cross-reference to standards on harmful agents and factors, noise and vibration, threshold limit values, etc.; requirements to be met by workplaces); preparation of furnace charges and moulding sand; preparation of mould and core mixtures; pattern making; preparing moulds for casting; melting metals in cupola, reverberating and electric furnaces; casting; knocking-out and fettling; special jobs (pressure diecasting, centrifugal casting, etc.); storage of raw materials; worker selection; job knowledge; personal protection; labour inspection.
Izdatel'stvo standartov, Novopresnenskij per.3, 123557 Moskva, USSR, 21 May 1981. 17p. Price: Rbl.0.05.

CIS 82-401 Haleckij I.M.
Ventilation and heating of iron- and steelworks
Ventiljacija i otoplenie zavodov černoj metallurgii [in Russian]
This manual deals with: general rules (energy requirements, economic aspects); heating industrial buildings (heat losses, choice of type of heating, calculations, thermal insulation, etc.); general ventilation (blast and other furnaces, continuous casting, hot rolling mills, calculating the rate of air renewal); local exhaust ventilation; practical examples (exhaust ventilation, air-cooling and general ventilation installations); supervision and maintenance of heating and ventilation installations.
Izdatel'stvo "Metallurgija", 2-j Obydenskij per.14, 119034 Moskva, USSR, 1981. 240p. Illus. 64 ref. Price: Rbl.0.70.

CIS 82-486 Palmer W.G., Scott W.D.
Lung cancer in ferrous foundry workers: a review
Epidemiologic studies have shown that the risk of mortality from lung cancer in moulders, casters and cleaning room operators is 2-3 times higher than that of standard populations. These studies reflect conditions that existed in foundries several decades ago and the risk today may differ as a result of new foundry practices and the use of new moulding materials. Benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been identified in foundry atmospheres. Other tumour promoters, co-carcinogens and other classes of chemical carcinogens may also be present. The contributions of smoking to the lung cancer risk of ferrous foundry workers are unknown. Current studies are examining the composition and long-term health effects of emissions from moulds composed of modern synthetic chemical moulding materials as well as those from the traditional green sand moulds.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1981, Vol.42, No.5, p.329-340. 65 ref.

CIS 82-483
Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for "Employment and Social Affairs" (Commission des Communautés européennes, Direction générale "Emploi et affaires sociales")
Report of the Seminar on "Chronic respiratory disease"
Rapport sur les Journées d'information "Affections respiratoires chroniques" [in French]
Research reports on: lung function testing in large groups of coalminers; early detection of respiratory insufficiency; the D_L,co in clinical and occupational medicine; physiological effects of early treatment of bronchitis in young miners; epidemiological research in the steel industry, in iron ore miners and in coalminers; pathological studies; action of aluminium salts in mixed carbon-quartz pneumoconiosis; pneumoconiosis predisposition; defence mechanisms in the respiratory tract; pharmacological research.
Office des publications officielles des Communautés européennes, B.P. 1003, Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, 1981. 148p.

CIS 82-361 Lindeman C., Bernholc B.
Dust problems and dust control measures in the steel industry
Dammproblem och dammbekämpande åtgärder inom stålindustrin [in Swedish]
Sections of this report deal with: dust exposure in Swedish steelworks in 1974; common dust control measures; dusty jobs and ways of reducing dust formation (ladle and furnace relining; installation of refractory linings, sawing refractory bricks; ventilation of overhead travelling crane cabins; workshop cleanliness and good housekeeping; asbestos-based insulating materials). Appendices give: examples of exhaust-ventilation installations; furnace stripping machines; a ladle-lining stripper; a bottom-pouring plate turner; and a ventilation system for an overhead travelling crane.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Tillsynsavdelningen, Fack, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1981. 33p. Illus.

CIS 82-395 Hettinger T., Müller B.H., Peters H., Tielsch R.
Hot work - exposure levels and thermal stress
Hitzearbeit - Belastung und Beanspruchung [in German]
Description of methods used to analyse physiological stress due to heavy physical work under conditions of exposure to heat, noise, gases and dust in the iron and steel industry: work study, energy expenditure measurement, determination of climatic factors. The analytical methods are illustrated by a study to assess the physiological stress in an electric-arc furnace worker. Parameters influencing the reaction of the body to stress factors are considered, and the techniques for subjective evaluation of the exposure level and telemetering physiological data are described. The approach described makes it possible to determine the exposure and stress levels and to implement the necessary safety and health measures; however, it is too complex for routine studies.
Stahl und Eisen, 30 Nov. 1981, Vol.101, No.24, p.29-34. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 82-515 Voltz H., Wutschel A.
Nickel: no cancer risk in the special-steels industry
Nickel - kein Krebsrisiko in der Edelstahlindustrie [in German]
The diagnosis of malignant respiratory-tract disease in nickel production and refining workers led to the inclusion of nickel and certain nickel compounds into the list of substances recognised as carcinogenic in man. Review of the relevant regulations and the threshold values in the Federal Republic of Germany. Recent literature studies and epidemiological research on some 6,500 cases in the special-steels industry in the USA do not permit conclusions to be drawn on the carcinogenic mechanism, the values of experimental methods or even the carcinogenic properties of nickel. Epidemiological studies in the special-steels industry in Germany confirm the American findings that the incidence of malignancies is higher in the general population than in special-steel industry workers. No cases of nasal cancer have been registered. Research perspectives.
Stahl und Eisen, 30 Nov. 1981, Vol.101, No.24, p.25-28. 16 ref.

CIS 82-511
ILO Iron and Steel Committee, Report III
The improvement of working conditions and working environment in the iron and steel industry
L'amélioration des conditions de travail et du milieu de travail dans l'industrie du fer et de l'acier [in French]
Report for the 10th Session of the Committee (Geneva, 13-22 Oct. 1981). Part 1: working hours, shift work, retirement age, catering and commuting services. Part 2: occupational safety and health (general trends, trends in accident prevention; accident-prevention policy statements; accident statistics; responsibilities and organisation with reference to the working environment; training); specific OSH hazards (materials handling, radioactive sources and x-rays, noise, vibration, microclimate, burns, airborne substances harmful to health); proposed points for discussion. Tables: employment accidents in the iron and steel industry of the European Coal and Steel Community, 1977-78; trends in accident frequency and severity rates for wage earners in the Belgian iron and steel industry, 1974-78; fatal accidents in the European Community of Nine, 1974-76; severity rates of accidents in the European Community of Six, 1974-76; lost-time accidents in the European Community of Nine, 1974-76.
International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1981. 86p. Price: SF.15.00.

CIS 82-353 Koponen M., Gustafsson T., Kalliomäki P.L., Pyy L.
Chromium and nickel aerosols in stainless steel manufacturing, grinding and welding
The composition, morphology and solubility of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in fumes from stainless steel manufacturing, based on ferrochrome melts, and in dusts from the grinding of stainless steel, were studied and were compared with corresponding analyses of stainless steel welding fumes. In the melt fumes and grinding dusts Cr was only slightly oxidised to the hexavalent state and very low concentrations of chromates were present. In contrast, in welding fumes, Cr is oxidised and reacts with alkali oxides to form chromates. In stainless steel melt fumes Ni occurs mainly as metallic alloyed element in the iron matrix or in small amounts as oxide (NiO). In welding fumes NiO particles are present. Airborne particles from the ferrochrome melt are typically round and covered by a slag layer.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1981, Vol.42, No.8, p.596-601. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 82-237
National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen)
Steelworks
Stålverk [in Swedish]
These directives (effective 1 Jan. 1983) cover: general regulations (noise and dust control, protection against heat and harmful gases, artificial lighting, cleanliness and good housekeeping, etc.); handling of raw materials; work on furnaces, converters and teeming ladles (screens to protect against radiant heat, local exhaust ventilation of teeming fume, etc.); ingot casting and continuous casting; furnace and ladle relining (use of silica-free materials, dust protection); periodic ladle inspection. Detailed commentary and practical solutions to safety and health problems.
Liber Förlag, 162 89 Stockholm, Sweden, 26 Oct. 1981. 47p. Illus. Gratis.

CIS 82-183 Redmond C.K., Wieand H.S., Sass R., Weinberg G., Rockette H.E.
Long-term mortality experience of steelworkers
This long-term study of cause-specific mortality patterns of employees in 7 Allegheny County steel plants, between 1953 and 1975, and of workers in 10 non-Allegheny County coke oven facilities between 1951 and 1975, included analyses of 57 work areas in the steel plants and emphasised mortality due to malignant neoplasms and non-malignant respiratory diseases. For the Allegheny County coke plant workers, kidney cancer mortality was elevated, primarily for white workers; non-malignant respiratory diseases had increased with observation time for all workers; and, among non-oven workers in these plants, excesses in pancreatic, large intestine, buccal cavity and pharyngeal cancers were consistent with previous findings. Among workers in the non-Allegheny County plants, lung cancer mortality remained comparable between white and black coke oven workers; an elevated relative risk for lung cancer was observed; and no evidence was found for excess mortality from non-malignant respiratory diseases in these plants.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, June 1981. 117p. ILlus. 102 ref.

CIS 81-1915 Lydahl E., Philipson B., Levin M., Glansholm A., Knave B., Tengroth B.
Infrared radiation and cataract. Occupational health survey and epidemiologic study of exposed industrial workers
Infraröd strålning och grå starr - Yrkeshygienisk kartläggning och epidemiologisk studie av exponerade industriarbetare [in Swedish]
Eye examinations were carried out on 207 iron and steel industry workers with long-term employment at work stations exposed to infrared radiation. The results of these examinations were compared with those obtained for age-matched control subjects in the same industries but not exposed to infrared radiation. The infrared doses associated with hot forging were higher than those experienced in steel production. An increased frequency of cortical cuneiform opacities was observed in exposed workers over 60 years of age. This effect is age-related and may be due only to age or to a cumulative effect of age and exposure. Exposure to infrared radiation in iron and steel industry workers has not induced eye changes that caused reduced vision.
Arbetarskyddsverket, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1981. 67p. 24 ref.

1980

CIS 81-1721 Carlsson J.
Accident hazards and safety work - 1. Steelworks
Olycksfallsrisker och skyddsarbete - 1. Stålverk [in Swedish]
Dangerous work tasks and workplace situations in an electric furnace steelworks were analysed. Report contents: description of project; theory and method of investigation; wire-rope production; plant safety organisation; training of employees; accident analysis; intereviews with workers; attitudes towards accident hazards and safety; discussion on factors conducive to accidents; review of the safety organisation and proposal of preventive measures (systematic plant tours, better accident investigation practices, systematic review of accidents with periodic returns, avoidance of understaffing and one-man tasks - especially for lifting operations, etc.).
Arbetsolycksfallsgruppen, Tekniska Högskolan, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, Sep. 1980. 96p. Illus.

CIS 81-1685 Dąbrowski S.
Protecting workers against high temperatures and dust at the workplace
Ochrona pracownika przed działaniem wysokiej temperatury i zapylenia na stanowisku pracy [in Polish]
Description of an integral suit of clothing for hot and dusty work. Designed in relation to the thermal and physical load, this integral suit incorporates a facepiece, hood, airfeed system (compressor and air conditioner), an in-suit air-distribution system, gloves and footwear. Tested under normal conditions (furnace relining), it gave protection against not only heat and dust but also noise and hot metal spatters, and enabled workers to double their stay in the furnace (1h non-stop) without symptoms of excessive fatigue. With some modification, it could be used for somewhat different working conditions.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1980, Vol.30, No.107, p.295-303. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 81-1251 Mašek V.
Characteristics of fine dust and fine-dust extracts from rolling mills
Eigenschaften der Feinstäube und Feinstaubextrakte von den Arbeitsstätten eines Walzwerkes [in German]
Description of the results of respirable-dust sampling; analysis of chemical composition; particle appearance (scanning electron microscopy); thermal particle-size analysis; differential thermal analysis; aromatic content of dusts (especially benzo(a)pyrene content).
Staub, Aug. 1980, Vol.40, No.8, p.321-323. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 81-1397 Šestić M.
Influence of body position at work on the occurrence of lumbar painful syndrome
Utjecaj položaja tijela pri radu u nastanku lumbalnog sindroma [in Serbocroatian]
A 5-year study of 846 metallurgical plant workers diagnosed as having lumbar painful syndrome showed that the problem was due to the degeneration and lesion of the intervertebral disc in the lumbosacral area and that the rate of disease was directly related to the time spent in the bend body position. The 3 diseases responsible for the syndrome were lumbago (45.6%), lumboischialgia (33.1%) and lumbosacral radiculopathy. Disease was diagnosed in 9.9% of workers working in the bent body position less than 100min in an 8h shift, in 15.2% of those working in this position for 100-150min and in 57.2% of workers who spent more than 150min in that position.
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, Dec. 1980, Vol.31, No.4, p.312-322. 7 ref.

CIS 81-1013 Robbins M.C., Hross M.S.
Continuous monitoring for carbon monoxide.
Description of a sophisticated system for continuous monitoring of CO levels by monitors fixed at 18 locations around 2 basic oxygen furnaces in a large U.S. steel mill. Apart from warning lights in a continuously manned central control room, high-visibility lights set above each monitoring point indicate conditions (green: CO detector is operating; yellow: CO is present; red: high CO level - leave area immediately).
National Safety News, May 1980, Vol.121, No.5, p.53-55. Illus.

CIS 81-670 Koponen M,, Gustafsson T., Kalliomäki K., Kalliomäki P.L.,, Moilanen M., Pyy L.
Dusts in steel-making plant - Lung contamination among iron workers.
In the first part of this monograph, chemical composition, particle morphology, and magnetic properties of dusts and fumes in an iron and steel plant are presented. These properties are required for the calibration of the method for magnetic measuring of the amount of metal contaminants retained in the lungs of workers in the same plant. The second part reviews the results of lung contamination measurements in 27 workers. The amount of lung contaminants varied between 20-200mg in blast-furnace workers, 10-40mg in sintering plant workers, and 2-20mg in workers in a continuous casting plant. In previous studies, higher amounts were found in foundry workers and in stainless steel manual metal arc welders.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 1980, Vol.47, No.1, p.35-45. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 81-673 Takizawa K., Nakabuchi I., Mori K.
Improvements for noise control in a steel plate mill.
Measures to reduce the noise from steel plate travelling and cutting at the shearing line are described: installation of small rollers at the apron plate between the table rollers; attachment of wire brushes to the conveyor wheels to reduce the impact noise at the dipping table; and rubber lining of the crop shoot and attachment of wire brushes to the apron conveyor to reduce the drop impact noise of crops. These and other measures reduced noise levels by more than 10dB.
Journal of Labour Hygiene in the Iron and Steel Industry - Tekko Rōdō Eisei, May 1980, Vol.29, No.2, p.8-11 (46-49). Illus.

CIS 81-576 Gibson E.S., Martin R.H., Terry C.W.
Incidence of low back pain and pre-placement x-ray screening.
1,271 steelworkers hired before, and 1,074 hired after, introduction of back x-rays were compared restrospectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in health incidents, modified work, lost time, or permanent job changes. The inclusion of x-ray screening in preplacement medical examinations had no significant effect on the subsequent incidence of low-back pain in these workers.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Aug. 1980, Vol.22, No.8, p.515-519. 15 ref.

CIS 81-530 Gros P.
Safety techniques for removing hot accretions in furnaces by blasting
Techniques de sécurité relatives aux tirs en masses chaudes [in French]
Review of accidents which have occurred during these operations, and of their industrial applications (breaking-up of accretions of salamanders in blast furnace) and corresponding hazards. Operational stages (prevention, detection and removal of these hot deposits); period of shutdown to permit cooling and to carry out these operations; drilling of blasting holes and preparing for blasting; pre-cooling and cooling of boreholes; preparing the charge and blasting cut. Rules for blasting operations of this kind.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 4th quarter 1980, No.101, Note No.1289-101-80, p.551-557. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 81-213 Carlsson J.
Accident hazards and safety measures - 2. Wire rolling mill
Olycksfallsrisker och skyddsarbete - 2. Trådvalsverk [in Swedish]
Report of an investigation of accident causes and workers' attitudes towards hazards and their prevention. Study of accident causes: work organisation, workplace layout and design, equipment design, falls of persons, personal protective equipment, intensity of work effort, foolhardy behaviour. Proposed safety measures: systematic checking tours; OSH training of workers and supervisors; systematic accident analysis and dissemination of results; regular reports on OSH activities; efficient manpower planning and work team organisation to avoid under-manning during peak workloads; automatic locking of controls when workers are in hazard areas.
Arbetsolycksfallsgruppen, Tekniska Högskolan, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, June 1980. 106p. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 80-1900 Goodfellow H.D., Bender M.
Design considerations for fume hoods for process plants.
Techniques are developed and their practical application to complex fume hood design and operating performance problems presented. Aspects covered are: evaluation of volume and heat flow rates for emission sources; local capture of process emissions; remote capture of process emissions, and case studies of fume hood applications (electric arc furnace tapping hood, ladle spout lancing hood, iron refining laddle hood).
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1980, Vol.41, p.473-484. 5 ref.

CIS 80-1698 Axelsson G., Rylander R., Schmidt A.
Mortality and incidence of tumours among ferrochromium workers.
1932 workers, exposed mainly to metallic and trivalent Cr, and in some cases to hexavalent Cr, were studied. Total deaths from tumours were less than expected. There was an increased death rate from all tumours and an increased number of respiratory tumours (including 2 mesotheliomas) in maintenance workers. The mesotheliomas could be connected with asbestos exposure. There was no increase in respiratory tumours in the heavily exposed arc-furnace workers.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1980, Vol.37, No.2, p.121-127. 10 ref.

CIS 80-1697 Langård S., Andersen A., Gylseth B.
Incidence of cancer among ferrochromium and ferrosilicon workers.
All present and retired workers employed in the factory since 1928 were studied, and 976 workers who started work before 1960 were studied in particular. There were 7 cases of lung cancer in the ferrochromium workers against an expected 3.1 or 1.8, according to the reference population chosen. This increased incidence of lung cancer was related to occupational exposure, partly as a result of chromates. Exposure to chromic compounds does not seem to entail a cancer hazard similar to that of exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1980, Vol.37, No.2, p.114-120. 23 ref.

CIS 80-1659 Daniel J.W., Fairbank J.C.T., Vale P.T., O'Brien J.P.
Low-back pain in the steel industry: a clinical, economic and occupational analysis at a North Wales integrated steelworks of the British Steel Corporation.
The aims of this study were: provision of treatment, advice, and diagnosis; measurement of manpower and financial costs of low-back pain in the industry; identification of high-risk areas; reduction and prevention of low-back pain problems. 100 workers with low-back pain were studied. 34% were referred to a spinal pain clinic for investigation and treatment. 46% had sickness absence during the year of investigation. A method of work performance grading to detect "hidden" work output losses in workers remaining at work was devised: these represented more than 36% of sickness absence losses.
Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1980, Vol.30, No.2, p.49-56. 12 ref.

CIS 80-1540 Westerholm P.
Silicosis - Observations on a case register.
This monograph describes and analyses observations from the national Swedish pneumoconiosis register. At present 80-100 cases of silicosis are notified yearly. The study polpulation consisted of 4590 cases of silicosis diagnosed since 1931. Distributions by age at the radiographic manifestation of silicosis, latency time and radiographic disease stage at diagnosis are given. Data are presented separately for occupational categories in the mining, iron and steel, and ceramics industries, and quarrying. Results of follow-up studies are given on the radiographic progression of silicosis, complicating pulmonary tuberculosis, overall mortality, lung cancer, cause-specific mortality and competing mortality risks, and the possibility of an association between continuing dust exposure after diagnosis and radiographic progression. General trends in the occupational environments dealt with are discussed.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1980, Vol.6, Supplement 2, 86p. Illus. 53 ref.

CIS 80-1007 Lindstedt G., Sollenberg J.
Polyaromatics in the working environment
Polyaromater i arbetsmiljön [in Swedish]
The chemistry, formation, occurrence, biochemistry, metabolism, and toxicity (above all carcinogenicity) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reviewed. In the most heavily exposed workers - topside of coke ovens, aluminium industry (near reduction pots), graphite industry (electrode manufacture), roofing (hot pitch and tar) - average exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) is >10µg/m³. In garages, car workshops, iron ore mines and tunnels under construction PAHs are generated mainly from combustion engines (exposure <0.1µg/m³). Epidemiological studies show a statistically insignificant increase in lung and other types of cancer but the risk cannot be evaluated at present. The present Swedish TLV of 10µg/m² B(a)P is rather high and should be reduced in the future. A TLV for the whole PAH fraction would facilitate supervision of the working environment.
Arbete och hälsa - Vetenskaplig skriftserie 1980:1, Arbetarskyddsverket, Stockholm, Sweden, 1980. 92p. 111 ref.

1979

CIS 82-835 Pickling of steel billets, blooms, rods, and bars
Contents: pickling of billets, blooms, bars, rods, sheets or plates, steel strips; pickling liquors, descaling; hazards (exposure to heat, acid vapours and mists, gases, chemical burns, hot acid bath splashes; falls and slipping; contact with hot pipes; getting struck by overhead crane hook, slings, chains, loads); personal protective equipment and clothing, chemical-splash-type goggles, deluge safety showers and eyewash fountains; safety engineering; completely automatic pickling and finishing processes; exhaust ventilation; rim exhaust; maintenance and inspection; waste disposal.
National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA, 1979. 6p. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 81-2046 Decker A., Arragon P.
Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General "Employment and Social Affairs"
Hydrogen in steelworks and safety
Hydrogène en sidérurgie et la sécurité [in French]
Contents: 1. Technical section on current and future uses of hydrogen in the iron and steel industry, in blast furnaces and in direct reduction processes (shaft furnaces and fluidised bed); 2. Safety problems: production of carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixtures, liquefaction of hydrogen, storage of liquid and gaseous hydrogen and CO+H₂ mixtures, transport of hydrogen, operating equipment (plant and installations, piping and accessories, choice of materials, electrical installations); general safety and emergency measures.
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, B.P. 1003, Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, 1979. 146p. Illus. 23 ref. Price: £6.10; US$13.70.

CIS 80-1815 Decker A., Arragon P.
Commission of the European Communities, Steel Industry Safety and Health Commission
Hydrogen in steelworks and safety.
Hydrogène en sidérurgie et la sécurité. [in French]
In the first part of this report, A. Decker considers the uses of hydrogen in steelworks as a fuel and as a reducing agent. He reviews the theoretical principles of its use, and describes its present and future uses in blast furnaces and in various direct reduction processes (shaft furnace and fluidised bed process). The second part (P. Arragon) is devoted to safety problems of hydrogen production (pure, or mixtures) and liquefaction, storage of liquid hydrogen, and storage and transport of gaseous hydrogen. Considerations on safety of equipment for use with hydrogen, and general fire and explosion prevention measures.
EUR 6200, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Boîte postale 1003, Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, 1979. 128p. Illus. 23 ref. Price: FF.58.50.; US$13.70.

CIS 80-1705 Antonova L.A., Smirnova K.A., Gudimenko V.I.
Heat resistant soles for steelworkers' safety boots
Termostojkie podošvy dlja specobuvi metallurgov [in Russian]
Studies with synthetic rubbers containing 5-25% chrysotile asbestos are reported. The composition of a material offering maximum resistance at a temperature of 150°C is presented. Field trials with safety boots incorporating this material gave satisfactory results in steeworks with open-hearth furnaces and converters.
Koževenno-obuvnaja promyšlennost', Oct. 1979, No.10, p.33-35. 2 ref.

CIS 80-1503 Häkkinen K., Lahtinen K.
Research methods of occupational safety in-plant transport and plate handling in the metal industry
Sisäisten kuljetusten työturvallisuuden tutkimusmenetelmät ja levyjen käsittely metalliteollisuudessa [in Finnish]
Survey of methods for studying the safety of transport, handling and storage of metal plates. Aspects considered: the worker, equipment, materials and working space. Movements were studied by process flow models, material flow models, accident reports, causality models and accident cause theories, taking into consideration all factors and conditions which might lead to accident situations. Several examples of accident surveys and of hazard analyses (e.g. failure mode and effect analysis and fault-tree analysis of a magnetic lifter) are given. Photographic methods were used to study crane collision hazards and the hazard of a free-hanging crane load. The survey covered: a steelworks (steel-plate cutting, packing, strapping, transport and loading); lifting plate stacks with plate hooks on to ships; shipbuilding (lifting equipment, gas cutting, manual lifting, hand cuts due to sharp sheet edges).
Tutkimuksia 157/1979, Työterveyslaitos, Laajaniityntie 1, 01620 Vantaa 62, Finland, 1979. 100p. Illus. 66 ref. Price: Fmk.25.00.

CIS 80-1732 Bobriščev-Puškin D.M., Kučerskij P.A., Zelenkin A.N., Samodurova I.V.
Better working conditions in continuous casting of steel
Gigieničeskie aspekty optimizacii uslovij truda pri nepreryvnoj razlivke stali [in Russian]
Hygiene studies in a curved strand casting line are reported. The main hazards were radiant heat and dust from the fluorine-containing flux forming a protective slag layer. Exposure was effectively reduced by means of special heat-reflective glass screens and by charging the tundish with a powder flux packed in bags in preference to flux in bulk.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Oct. 1979, No.10, p.5-8. 4 ref.

CIS 80-1412 Broms G.
Steelworks environment - Stripping and relining of ladles
Stålverkens arbetsmiljö - Rivning och infodring av skänkar [in Swedish]
Methods and equipment used at 10 Scandinavian steelworks are reported: refractory products (silica content and silicosis hazard, recovery); stripping and relining (manual labour, mechanisation, spray application, ramming, slinging); improvement of workplace and working equipment (dust control measures, noise and weather control at stripping posts; height-adjustable work platforms for relining; laying of bricks helically to prevent exposure to dust from cutting); layout of relining shops; special case of torpedo ladles.
TRITA-AML-SA 15, Arbetsmiljölaboratoriet, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, Sep. 1979. 106p. Illus. Gratis.

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