Paper and paper products industry - 220 entries found

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1997

CIS 97-1552 Process industry
These nine chapters in a major new survey of OSH examine health and safety issues in various process industries: power generation; chemical industry; polymers and rubbers; paint industry; pharmaceutical industry; biotechnology industry; food processing industry; paper, pulp and chloralkali industry; tobacco industry.
In: The Workplace (by Brune D. et al., eds), Scandinavian Science Publisher as, Bakkehaugveien 16, 0873 Oslo, Norway, 1997, Vol.2, p.297-433. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 97-1517 Kujala V., Väisänen S.
Evaluation of occupational health service in the wood processing industry - Determination of employee satisfaction
In a questionnaire survey of 546 employees at five wood-processing units served by one occupational health service, 76% of employees were highly satisfied with the quality of health care provided, and 69% were highly satisfied with the personal health information provided. The proportion of highly satisfied employees was higher among those who has used the service within the previous six months compared to the others. Older age groups also reported greater satisfaction.
Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1997, Vol.47, No.2, p.95-100. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 97-1259 Torén K., Blanc P.D.
The history of pulp and paper bleaching: Respiratory-health effects
The history of the bleaching process used in paper production is described from the 18th century to the 1990s, and the implications for occupational and environmental health are discussed. Case reports published before 1960 illustrate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms following exposure to chlorine and chlorine-based bleaching agents. Since then, controlled epidemiologic studies of pulp mill and bleachery workers have consistently shown that workers exposed to chlorine gas have an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. The development of chlorine-free bleaching is outlined.
Lancet, 3 May 1997, Vol.349, No.9061, p.1316-1318. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 97-822 Szadkowska-Stańczyk I., et al.
Cancer mortality among pulp and paper workers in Poland: A cohort study
A cohort study of 10,460 Polish workers in the pulp and paper industry was conducted between 1968 and 1990. Three subcohorts were formed, corresponding to different work areas. In the pulp male subcohort a significant elevated risk of death from cancers of the peritoneum and prostate was recorded. There was no confirmation of the excess mortality from lung, stomach and lymphatic cancers reported by other investigators.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1997, Vol.10, No.1, p.19-29. 26 ref.

1996

CIS 01-1108 Internal audit - Cardboard converting
Autodiagnostic - Transformation du carton ondulé [in French]
The internal auditing of hazards allows the preparation of a safety and health plan adapted to the company. A check-list for conducting such an audit within cardboard converting industry firms is proposed, including periodical checks, the different types of machines used in the sector, in-plant traffic and the action plan.
Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie (CRAM) des Pays de la Loire, 7 rue du Président Herriot, BP 3405, 44034 Nantes Cedex 1, France, Nov. 1996. 33p. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 00-1772 Sengotta M., Ludwig F., Schweres M.
Occupational hygiene through reorganization of work area layouts
Arbeitsschutz bei der Reorganisation von Werkhallen [in German]
Topics: equipment layout; harmful substances; lighting; paper and paper products industry; ventilation systems; work organization; workplace design.
Sicherheitsingenieur, Sep. 1996, Vol.27, No.9, p.20-24. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 98-158 Rix B.A., Lynge E.
Industrial hygiene measurements in a new industry: The repulping and deinking of paper waste
Topics: airborne dust; bacterial toxins; Denmark; dust measurement; exposure evaluation; microorganisms; organic dust; pulp and paper industry; pulp refiners; questionnaire survey; recycling of materials; respirable dust.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1996, Vol.30, No.2, p.142-147. 24 ref.

CIS 97-857
Health and Safety Commission, Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee
Guide to managing health and safety in paper mills. Parts 1 and 2
Part 1 of this guide covers the application of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-5) to the paper and board industry: risk assessment; suitability of work equipment; maintenance; information, instruction and training; conformity with Community Directives; safeguarding dangerous parts of machinery; controls and control systems; isolation from sources of energy. Part 2 covers risk assessment in paper mills: legal requirements; principles of risk assessment; risk assessment and successful health and safety management; carrying out a risk assessment exercise. In appendices: accident statistics and causes; examples of risk assessment forms; examples of safe systems of work; checklist for incident investigation and reports.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1996. viii, 73p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: Part 1 GBP 5.00, Part 2 GBP 5.00.

CIS 97-206 Exposure to harmful substances in the paper industry
Stoffbelastungen in der Papierindustrie [in German]
The results of an extensive study of exposure to harmful substances in the German paper and paper products industries are summarized. The measurements were taken between 1974 and 1993 in 102 companies. They covered 123 harmful substances. Concentrations in excess of the existing exposure limits were obtained for dust, formaldehyde, styrene, methanol, acetone, 2-butanone and toluene. In large enterprises the concentrations of dust and formaldehyde were in general significantly lower than in small and medium-size enterprises. While the formaldehyde concentrations in the vicinity of the paper making machines increased between 1987 and 1993, dust concentrations decreased between 1984 and 1993.
Amtliche Mitteilungen der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Jan. 1996, No.1, p.3-4.

CIS 97-298 Silverstein B.A., Hughes R.E.
Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders at a pulp and paper mill
Physical examinations, health status interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted on 40 employees in two departments of a pulp and paper mill. There was a higher prevalence of hand and wrist disorders in the power and recovery department than in the paper machine area. Use of a steel lance was associated with shoulder disorders and elbow arthritis. There was evidence that some of the health findings could not be explained by the job analysis.
Applied Ergonomics, June 1996, Vol.27, No.3, p.189-194. 11 ref.

1995

CIS 96-1725 Other common industries
Anden almen industri [in Danish]
A systematic summary of publications and documentation regarding working environment factors and the state of workers' health in the Danish stone, ceramics and glass industry. Some other sectors (such as the instrumentation industry), which do not naturally belong to other groups of industries, are also included in this sector. There are about 42,000 employees in this group, of whom half work in the stone, ceramics and glass industry. The main working environment problems are noise, strain injuries, respiratory diseases and accidents. Other problems are exposure to chemicals and vibration. The incidence of reported occupational diseases and accidents is high. Since this group of industries is heterogeneous, working environments and their problems vary greatly. However, concrete and cement factories, glassworks and the paper industry seem to have the highest exposures to harmful factors.
Arbejdstilsynet, At-Salg, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1995. 72p. Price: DKK 100.00 + tax.

CIS 96-1409 Fusion adhesives. Health protection during work with fusion adhesives
Schmelzklebstoffe. Gesundheitsschutz beim Arbeiten mit Schmelzklebern [in German]
Fusion adhesives, applied in the molten state, bond materials while they harden. They are widely used in the paper and cardboard converting industry, for example in the manufacturing of boxes. Some of these adhesives, such as the polyurethane fusion adhesives, contain isocyanates. These are toxic, may lead to allergies and some (such as the diphenylmethane diisocyanate) are carcinogenic. Exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate has been limited in Germany to 0.05mg/m³. In order to keep the exposure to harmful substances during heating and application of fusion adhesives low, the use of exhaust hoods for drawing off all fumes at the point of origin, of covers and of lower temperatures for melting the adhesives are recommended.
Tag für Tag, 1995, No.5, p.18-21. Illus.

CIS 95-1845
Health and Safety Commission, Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee
Fire safety in the paper and board industry
Contents of this safety guide: legal requirements; causes of fires; fire risk management (assessment of general fire precautions and of process hazards and control measures); housekeeping requirements; control of smoking; precautions against vandalism; safety of mill fire teams; hazards and precautions in various operations (storage, paper dust, fires in machine hoods, bulk starch handling, generation of hydrogen sulfide by aerobic bacterial action on paper fibre, charging of electrically operated lift trucks, storage and use of flammable liquids, electrical safety, hot work); general fire precautions (means of escape, fire alarms, training, fire extinguishing systems).
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1995. iv, 57p. Illus. 48 ref. Price: GBP 11.95.

1994

CIS 95-1386 Bullock W.H., Laird L.T.
A pilot study of the particle size distribution of dust in the paper and wood products industry
A particle size distribution study assessed the potential effectiveness of dust/mist (DM) disposable respirators widely used in the paper and wood products industry. To establish industry-specific data, personal samples were collected using an eight-stage cascade impactor for various operations in which workers use disposable DM respirators for protection against wood, paper, corn starch and lime dusts, and waste fuel incinerator ash (bark, saw dust and fibre sludge). Workers in the paper and wood products industry can be exposed to dust composed of up to 75% by weight of particles less than 2 microns aerodynamic diameter as measured by a personal cascade impactor.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 1994, Vol.55, No.9, p.836-840. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 95-721 Barroetavena M.C., Ross R., Teschke K.
Electric and magnetic fields at three pulp and paper mills
Extremely low frequency (60Hz) electric and magnetic field levels were measured at three Canadian pulp and paper mills, using area point-in-time measurements. Most electric field levels were below limit of detection of 1V/m; the highest measured field was 47V/m. Measured magnetic field strengths ranged from less than the limit of detection of 0.125mG to 706mG, with a median of 1.6mG. Magnetic field levels were higher in mills that consume more electric power, but worker exposures could not be predicted according to plant power consumption. Overall, electric and magnetic field levels in the three pulp and paper mills were similar to those experienced by the general population. However, maximum magnetic field intensities in some areas were as high as those experienced by electrical workers.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1994, Vol.55, No.4, p.358-363. Illus. 26 ref.

1993

CIS 98-1428
Health and Safety Executive, Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee
Asbestos in paper and board mills
Topics: asbestos removal; asbestos; check lists; data sheet; legal aspects; limitation of exposure; paper and paper products industry; threshold limit values; United Kingdom.
HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Aug. 1993. 10p. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 94-1069
Health and Safety Commission, Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee
Manual handling assessment in paper and board mills
This booklet provides guidance on assessing the risk of injury from hazardous manual handling operations. Contents: factors which indicate that such an assessment is needed; numerical guideline weights for lifting and lowering; who should make the assessment; the assessment procedure; problems to look for when making an assessment; ways of reducing the risk of injury.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury CO10 6FS, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Oct. 1993. 19p. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 94-304 Kanerva L., Estlander T., Jolanki R., Henriks-Eckerman M.L.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by diethylenetriamine in carbonless copy paper
Carbonless copy paper, or 'no carbon required' (NCR) paper, has often been implicated as the cause of skin, respiratory, or general symptoms, but allergy has been verified in only a few cases. A 43-year-old machinist whose work involved the manufacture of NCR paper developed occupational dermatitis on the hands. On patch testing, both the NCR paper and 1 of the chemicals used to produce the microcapsules of the NCR paper, namely diethylenetriamine (DETA), provoked an allergic reaction. Analysis of the paper showed that it contained enough DETA to induce allergic contact dermatitis. People who handle NCR paper and develop symptoms of contact dermatitis should be patch tested with DETA.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1993, Vol.29, No.3, p.147-151. 31 ref.

CIS 93-1881 Meding B., Torén K., Karlberg A.T., Hagberg S., Wass K.
Evaluation of skin symptoms among workers at a Swedish paper mill
Process and office workers at a Swedish paper mill (n=274) and dairy workers (controls, n=45) were investigated with questionnaires regarding skin symptoms. In the second part of the study, subjects reporting skin symptoms and a random sample of subjects without symptoms were examined and investigated with patch testing. Pruritus and skin irritation probably related to exposure to dust were found. The results do not indicate an increased prevalence of contact allergy. In two cases, positive patch test reactions to paper size (rosin) and a slimicide, mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), were noted.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1993, Vol.23, No.5, p.721-728. 19 ref.

1992

CIS 98-188
Health and Safety Commission, Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee
Guidance on systems of work during maintenance in paper and board mills
Topics: locking for safety; paper and paper products industry; permits-to-work; plant safety organization; preventive maintenance; pulp and paper industry; responsibilities of employers; safe working methods; subcontractors; United Kingdom.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1992. 14p. 28 ref.

CIS 94-981 Gaertner M., Brunstein C., Busetto A.
Lung function and respiratory symptoms in paper industry workers exposed to soft paper tissue (bathroom tissue) dust
Fonction pulmonaire et symptômes respiratoires d'ouvriers papetiers exposés aux poussières de papier hygiénique doux (papier dit "à usage domestique") [in French]
In a paper mill manufacturing and processing soft paper tissue, 349 workers (76 controls and 273 operators exposed to paper dust) were investigated (medical examination, questionnaire survey, respiratory function tests). Exposed workers were divided into three groups according to their current exposure to dust: low (<1mg/m³), moderate (1-3mg/m³), heavy (>3mg/m³). Nasal irritation occurred more frequently at higher exposure levels. However, coughing, chronic bronchitis, asthma, dyspnoea and sinusitis showed no rate increase related to the degree of exposure. A slight decrease of the VC correlated with the length of exposure was noticed (after adjusting for age). A significant decrease of the VC (3.7%) was found in 48 subjects exposed to paper dust mixed with liquid paraffin aerosol. Smoking had a markedly adverse effect on lung function and constituted, together with regular sport activities, the two main confounding factors.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1992, Vol.53, No.7, p.639-644. 13 ref.

CIS 94-370
Health and Safety Commission, Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee
Handling reels of paper and board in paper and board mills
This leaflet briefly describes the hazards associated with the handling and storage of reels of paper and board and provides practical guidance on safe working methods. Contents: use of mechanical handling equipment and loading vehicles; storage and stacking; manual handling.
HSE Information Centre, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1992. 6p. 7 ref.

CIS 93-580 Srivastava A.K., Gupta B.N., Gaur J.S., Bihari V.
Clinical evaluation of workers handling melamine formaldehyde resin
Letter to the editor describing the working conditions and state of health of six workers in a paper mill in India. The six were assigned to the preparation of melamine resin suspensions for treating paper. They were exposed to formaldehyde by inhalation and to melamine resin by skin contact. The clinical picture in all six cases resembled that described in the literature for cases of formaldehyde exposure. However, haemoglobin levels were depressed and peripheral lymphocyte counts elevated in four and three of the subjects, respectively; such effects of formaldehyde have not been reported previously.
Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology, 1992, Vol.30, No.4, p.677-681. 13 ref.

CIS 92-1938 Social and labour issues in the pulp and paper industry
Questions sociales et de travail dans l'industrie de la pâte à papier et du papier [in French]
This ILO report was prepared by the International Labour Office as a basis for discussions at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in the Pulp and Paper Industry held in Geneva from 20 to 28 October 1992. Contents: development and status of the pulp and paper industry; the pulp and paper industry and the environment; technological and structural change; employment and productivity; technological change and flexibility; human resources and training; working time and remuneration; occupational safety and health.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1992. vi, 124p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

1991

CIS 93-1662 Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority Substances List Assessment Report No.2. Effluents from pulp mills using bleaching
Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement. Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, rapport d'évaluation n°2: Effluents des usines de pâte blanchie [in French]
This report assesses the risk associated with the release of chlorinated organic material in bleached pulp mill effluents. Canadian mills are estimated to release over a million tonnes of chlorinated organic compounds to the aquatic environment annually resulting in acute and chronic effects to the aquatic ecosystem. It is therefore concluded that these effluents are entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions having an immediate and long-term harmful effects on the environment. The effluents are thus considered to be "toxic" as defined under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act.
Publications, Environmental Protection, Conservation and Protection, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3, Canada, 1991. x, 60p. 240 ref.

CIS 93-671
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften
Safety rules pertaining to controls of printing and paper converting machinery
Sicherheitsregeln für die Steuerungen von Druck - und Papierverarbeitungsmaschinen [in German]
These safety rules concern controls of machines used in the printing and paper converting industry, as regulated by German directives VBG 5 (Power equipment, see CIS 89-47) and VBG 7i (Printing and paper converting, see CIS 87-373). Contents: scope; definitions; general requirements (three categories of equipment are established); machinery and equipment; operation of equipment; inspection; entry into force (1 Jan. 1992 for electromechanical controls; 1 Oct. 1991 for others). In appendix: what to do in case of a malfunction; list of possible malfunctions; prescriptions and related safety rules.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Oct 1991. 22p.

CIS 93-97 Hecker S.
Chemical health hazards in the Oregon forest products industry - A training and reference manual for employees in the pulp and paper and wood products industries
Contents of this training manual: overview of workplace chemical hazards; OSHA standards for hazardous chemicals; the right to know - obtaining and using chemical information; control measures for hazardous chemicals; epidemiology and what it means to the worker; chemical hazards in the pulp and paper industry and in solid wood products manufacturing. Appendices cover: US government agencies with hazardous chemical resources and responsibilities; other federal laws on chemicals in the workplace and environment; list of common chemicals and suggested glove types for maximum protection.
Labor Education and Research Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, June 1991. 280p. Illus. 79 ref.

CIS 92-1595 Wingren G., Persson B., Thorén K., Axelson O.
Mortality pattern among pulp and paper mill workers in Sweden: A case-reference study
The mortality pattern among Swedish pulp and paper mill workers was evaluated in a case-referent study encompassing 4,070 men deceased during the period 1950-1987. The subjects were identified from the register of deaths and burials in six parishes. A significantly increased mortality was seen for diabetes mellitus and for secondary tumours of the lung and liver among the pulp and paper mill workers. Indications of excess risks were also found for obstructive lung disorders, pulmonary emboli, accidents, and pneumonia, as well as for malignant lymphomas, leukaemias, and cancer of the pancreas and stomach. In the only parish where a sulfite process was exclusively used, cancer of the digestive tract and especially of the rectum was found to be in excess. Except for this parish, the sulfate process predominated in the plants included. The mortality pattern found in this study is in reasonable agreement with findings in various studies from this type of industry.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1991, Vol.20, No.6, p.769-774. 23 ref.

1990

CIS 92-1287 Myslak Z.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz
Azo-dyes based on known or suspected carcinogenic aromatic amines - Identification, uses and manufacturing periods
Azofarbmittel auf der Basis krebserzeugender und -verdächtiger aromatischer Amine - Identifikation, Verwendungsbereiche, Herstellungszeiträume [in German]
All azo dyes based on aromatic amines known or suspected to be carcinogens are compiled. For each listed azo dye, the type of dye such as acid, basic, direct, mordant or solvent dye is stated. The colour index number, the coupling component, trade name, manufacturer, period of manufacture and the industry in which the dye is used (textile, leather good, pulp and paper or other), are indicated.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen, D-W-2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany, 1990. 338p. Illus. 4 ref. Index. Price: DEM 37.00.

CIS 92-933 Jäppinen P., Vilkka V., Marttila O., Haahtela T.
Exposure to hydrogen sulphide and respiratory function
The cohort comprised 26 male pulp-mill workers with a daily exposure to hydrogen sulfide in the workplace, and 10 volunteers, who had asthma. The 10 asthmatic subjects were exposed in laboratory conditions to 2ppm of hydrogen sulfide for 30 minutes in an exposure chamber. Airway resistance (Raw) and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were assessed by a body plethysmograph, and the ventilatory capacities were measured with a flow volume spirometer. No significant changes in respiratory function or bronchial responsiveness related to exposure to hydrogen sulfide in the pulp mill workers were found. In the asthmatic subjects, Raw was increased by 26.3% and SGaw was decreased by 8.4% on average after exposure to hydrogen sulfide. These changes were not statistically significant. It is concluded that exposure for a relatively short time to hydrogen sulfide concentrations appreciably higher than those existing in ambient air do not cause noticeable effects on respiratory function.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1990, Vol.47, No.12, p.824-828. 17 ref.

CIS 92-538 Tabuchi T., Yoshida T., Hirata M.
Urinary hippuric acid levels of persons exposed to toluene in paper calendering plants
Kami tsuyadashi kakō rōdōsha ni okeru toruen bakuro ni yoru nyōchū banyōsan [in Japanese]
In the calendering of papers, organic solvents, mainly toluene, are massively used in paints and adhesives. Personal exposure to toluene and urinary hippuric acid concentration (HA) were measured among exposed workers in a small-size calendering factory (study I). Toluene exposure ranged from 164 to 263ppm and the level of HA ranged from 4967 to 9759mg/g Creatine (mg/gCn). HA was also measured among 205 workers in 22 calendering factories in Osaka prefecture (study II). The level of HA was the highest in vinyl resin painting workers (mean: 2658mg/gCn), followed by laminate coating workers, press workers, miscellaneous exposed workers and clerks. The maximal level of toluene exposure in vinyl resin painting was estimated to be 325ppm on the basis of the HA level. Since the values of HA in 8 press workers (47%), 5 miscellaneous exposed workers (21%) and 12 clerks (55%) were beyond the range for nonexposed persons (709mg/gCn). The air in the calendering factories must have been generally contaminated by toluene.
Proceedings of the Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Edition of Industrial Health, Sep. 1990, No.28, p.25-31. 12 ref.

CIS 91-1218 Lukassowitz I.
Minimising dioxin emissions into the environment is urgently needed in order to reduce dioxin levels
Eintragsminimierung zur Reduzierung der Dioxinbelastung dringend erforderlich [in German]
The Federal Bureau of Health and the Environmenal Protection Agency of Germany have prepared a report on measures to reduce dioxin emissions. Excerpts of the recommended measures are presented. They address: reduction of dioxin emissions from waste incineration, smelting and metalworking plants as well as the pulp and paper industry; prohibition of the use of brominated and chlorinated plastics in flammable equipment; prohibition of any increase in existing dioxin pollution of the soil.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt, 1990, No.8, p.350-354.

CIS 90-1603 Sahle W., Sällsten G., Thorèn K.
Characterization of airborne dust in a soft paper mill
The characteristics of airborne dust in a soft paper production plant were determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A combination of X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX) was used to determine the structure and composition of the different components. Size distribution determination and phase identification were carried out. Besides the cellulose fibres, fibres of kaolinite, wollastonite, talc and other silicates were also identified. Gravimetric analysis and fibre counting by optical phase contrast microscopy were used to determine total dust and fibre concentrations. Total dust exposure at the plant was generally below 3mg/m³. The respirable fraction of the total dust concentrations varied from 15 to 70%. The inorganic dust was 36±15% of the total dust. The ratio of inorganic fibres to total fibre concentration at the plant varied between 10 and 15%.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Feb. 1990, Vol.34, No.1, p.55-75. 18 ref. Illus.

CIS 90-1227 Jäppinen P., Tola S.
Cardiovascular mortality among pulp mill workers
A mortality study, concentrating on cardiovascular mortality, was undertaken among Finnish sulfite mill workers exposed to sulfur dioxide and sulfate mill workers exposed to hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides. They had been employed continuously for at least one year between 1945 and 1961. National death rates were used for comparison and mortality was followed up until 31 December 1981. Among the cohort exposed to sulfur dioxide (2268 person-years), an excess of cardiovascular deaths was noticed among the men (24 obs, 19.4 exp, SMR 123) due to an excess of coronary deaths (18 obs, 12.4 exp, SMR 145). The cardiovascular mortality was not affected by the duration of occupational exposure or follow up period in this cohort. Among the men exposed to hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides (4179 person-years), there was also an excess of cardiovascular deaths (37 obs, 24.7 exp, SMR 150) due to an excess of coronary deaths (25 obs, 16.7 exp, SMR 150). These excesses increased with longer follow up period. As common risk factors of coronary heart disease could not explain the findings in the sulfate mill cohort, they may be associated with exposure to hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1990, Vol.47, No.4, p.259-262. 14 ref.

1989

CIS 95-1255 Safe working practices in the pulp and paper industry
Sicheres Arbeiten in der Papier- und Zellstoffindustrie [in German]
Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, Nov. 1989. 21p. Illus. ###

CIS 90-973 A model "on-site" and "off-site" emergency plan
This report describes the emergency procedures in force at a large integrated paper mill in India. Topics covered include: the declaration of an emergency and function of the declarer; interaction with outside agencies; information about the mill and its surroundings and a brief description of the processes and hazardous materials, particularly chlorine; identification of possible hazards using Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP); calculation of dispersal of toxic gases through stacks and estimation of population affected; facilities at the control room; evacuation of workers and plant shut-down; training facilities; responsibilities of personnel. A sample form shows the information to be collected in connection with the formulation of an emergency plan.
Mysore Paper Mills Ltd., 16/4, Ali Asker Road, Bangalore 560 052, India, 1989. 99p. Illus.

CIS 90-499 Henneberger P.K., Ferris B.G., Monson R.R.
Mortality among pulp and paper workers in Berlin, New Hampshire
Cause specific mortality was analysed among 883 white male workers from a paper company in Berlin, New Hampshire (USA). Subjects were assigned to different exposure groups on the basis of their having worked in the pulp mill, the paper mill, or elsewhere in the paper comapany. A standardised mortality ratio (SMR) analysis was used to compare death rates for each of the exposure groups with United States national rates. For all the subjects, deaths due to all causes, all malignant neoplasms, and lung cancer were close to the number expected and excesses were noted for cancers of the digestive system and leukaemia. Among pulp mill workers, the number of cancers of the digestive system was raised and the SMR for pancreatic cancer was especially high (SMR = 305, 95% CI = 98-712). Among paper mill workers, more deaths were due to leukaemia and cancers of the digestive system than expected. These results are consistent with the findings from other studies that employment in pulp and paper mills is associated with excess mortality due to digestive and lymphopoietic cancers.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1989, Vol.46, No.9, p.658-664. 27 ref.

CIS 90-154 Solet D., Zoloth S.R., Sullivan C., Jewett J., Michaels D.M.
Patterns of mortality in pulp and paper workers
A proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analysis utilising death certificates and work histories was performed on 201 white male decedents who had been employed in pulp and paper production plants and had died between 1970 and 1984. PMRs for all malignant neoplasms (PMR = 131) and lung cancer (PMR = 151) were significantly elevated, whereas PMRs for lymphopoietic system cancer (PMR = 190) and cancer of the large intestine (PMR = 147) showed nonsignificant excesses. Most of the excess cancers of the lung and large intestine were limited to those with greater than 30 years between initial employment in a pulp and paper plant and death.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1989, Vol.31, No.7, p.627-630. 20 ref.

CIS 90-132 Henneberger P.K., Eisen E.A., Ferris B.G.
Pulmonary function among pulp and paper workers in Berlin, New Hampshire
Subjects were first tested in the 1960s and then surveyed at regular intervals up to 1985. The current study examined results for the 339 subjects who participated in at least one of the two most recent follow-up surveys in 1979 and 1985. For the 171 subjects who were tested in both surveys, the pulmonary function values were higher and the effect of pulp mill work was diminished compared with the findings for the 168 subjects who were tested in just one of the two surveys. To avoid the loss of less healthy subjects and the subsequent bias in effect estimate, the 1985 data were analysed cross sectionally with the inclusion of data from 1979 for those subjects who had not been followed up in the last survey. The subjects with work experience in the pulp mill had mean levels of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) lower than those of enexposed subjects who had never worked in the pulp or paper production areas. Based on parameter estimates from regression analysis, each year of employment in the pulp operation was associated with a -5.8mL change in FEV₁ and a -7.2mL change in FVC. Ninety one percent of the subjects with pulp mill experience had terminated employment in that area of the company, so that the association with decreased lung function appears to be a non-reversible effect that persisted after the cessation of exposure.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1989, Vol.46, No.11, p.765-772. 15 ref.

CIS 89-1538 Astrand N.E., Hanson B.S., Isacsson S.O.
Job demands, job decision latitude, job support and social network factors as predictors of mortality in a Swedish pulp and paper company
Three hundred and ninety one male employees aged 35-65 in a Swedish pulp and paper company were followed up for 22 years; 151 deaths were recorded by 31 December 1983. On the basis of data from 1961, indices for job decision latitude, job support, and other work related psychosocial factors were constructed as were 5 indices for non-work related social network factors. All indices were checked by life table analysis in respect of mortality. Job decision latitude and a combined index for job decision latitude and job support showed significant associations with mortality. These 2 indices were investigated by multivariate analysis with scale for evaluation of neuroticism and known somatic risk factors such as smoking, cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Age, educational level, occupational status, physically heavy work, and general health state were also included in the multivariate analysis. Age, systolic blood pressure, the combined index for job decision latitude and job support, smoking, and neuroticism were shown to be independent predictors of mortality.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1989, Vol.46, No.5, p.334-340. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 89-1250 Thorén K., Järvholm B., Morgan U.
Mortality from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among workers in a soft paper mill: a case-referent study
In a case-referent study encompassing 33 cases and 228 referents the potential risk for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory cancer among workers in a soft paper mill was evaluated. The cases were selected from registers of deaths and burials in the parishes around the paper mill. Information on exposure was obtained from the personnel register of the mill but because of shortage of information the cases could only be classified as "exposed" or "non-exposed". At some places in the mill the concentrations of paper dust had previously been high, 10-30mg/m³. Employment at the paper mill was found to be associated with an increased risk of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio = 3.8, p<0.05).
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1989, Vol.46, No.3, p.192-195. 11 ref.

1988

CIS 91-783 Ščerbakov A.S., Nikitin L.I., Bobkov N.G.
Occupational safety and health in the forestry, pulp and paper and wood working industries: Technical school manual
Ohrana truda v lesnoj, celljulozno-bumažnoj i derevoobrabatyvajuščej promyšlennosti [in Russian]
Contents of this manual, intended for technical school students: general rights and responsibilities of engineers and technicians as regards occupational safety and health; practical and laboratory tasks for the subject "Occupational hygiene and industrial sanitation" (workplace climate and dust level measurements; natural and mechanical ventilation design; workplace noise level measurement; lighting and illumination level evaluation, etc.); practical and laboratory tasks for the subject "Occupational safety" (earthing and earthing equiment, etc.); legislative materials and practical tasks for the subject "Fire safety" (general causes of fires; general measures for preventing and controlling fires; classification of workplaces and premises according to fire and explosion hazard; fire resistance of buildings and structures; working premises electrical hazard classification; minimum quenching distances, etc.); methodological advice for organising and conducting role-playing games (general; preparatory stage; room preparation and equipment; game organisation; different types of business games, etc.); supplements for the business games.
Izdatel'stvo "Lesnaja promyšlennost'", ul. Kirova 40a, 101000 Moskva, USSR, 1988. 184p. Illus. 16 ref. Price: SUR 0.40.

CIS 91-555 Järvholm B., Malker H., Malker B., Ericsson J., Sällsten G.
Pleural mesotheliomas and asbestos exposure in the pulp and paper industries: a new risk group identified by linkage of official registers
Analysis of data obtained by linking the 1960 Swedish Census and the Swedish Cancer Registry has demonstrated an increased risk of pleural mesothelioma among pulp and paper workers. The present study was undertaken with the aim of revealing possible environmental risk factors. The work histories of the 25 cases identified earlier were reviewed. "Certain" or "probable" exposure to asbestos was found among 70% of these workers. The study illustrates how linkage of official registers can be used to identify new risk environments and encourage the establishment of preventive measures.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1988, Vol.13, No.5, p.561-567. 16 ref.

CIS 91-317
Printing Industry Advisory Committee, Health and Safety Commission
Safety at power operated paper cutting guillotines
Topics covered in this booklet: potential hazards; safety considerations of machine design; design and location of controls; safeguarding measures including types of guard, electrosensitive and photoelectric safety systems, required performance standards for new and existing machines, electrical control equipment, necessary precautions during gauging and safety of the rear table; routine maintenance, testing and operational checks; training and safe working practices; information to be made available to users; electrical safety and integrity of electrical control systems.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1988. 45p. Illus. Price: GBP 2.25.

CIS 90-546 Bruze M., Almgren G.
Occupational dermatoses in workers exposed to resins based on phenol and formaldehyde
During December 1985 and February 1986, an investigation was carried out on skin diseases among workers in a plant producing decorative equipment built of paper sheets impregnated with resol resins based on phenol and formaldehyde (P-F-R) . A questionnaire was sent to all 238 employees and its was completed by 218 (91.6%). Previous and current dermatoses were reported by 98 workers and 89 of these were examined and patch tested. The patch testing was conducted with a standard test series and products from the working environment and revealed contact alllergy to P-F-R in 9 persons and to formaldehyde in 1. Besides these 10 individuals with occupational allergic contact dermatitis, occupational dermatoses were diagnosed in an additional 20 workers; irritant contact dermatitis in 19 and chemical burn in 1. In total, the figure for occupational dermatoses was 30 (12.6%).
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1988, Vol.19, No.4, p.272-277. 21 ref.

CIS 89-1893 Åstrand N.E., Isacsson S.O.
Back pain, back abnormalities, and competing medical, psychological, and social factors as predictors of sick leave, early retirement, unemployment, labour turnover and mortality: A 22 year follow up of male employees in a Swedish pulp and paper company
391 male employees in a Swedish pulp and paper company were followed up for 22 years. As a part of a health examination in 1961 back pain reported by the subjects and abnormalities of the back were investigated with respect to predictive power regarding sick leave, early retirement, unemployment, labour turnover, and mortality during the follow up period. Univariate analysis showed that abnormalities of the back were better than back pain for predicting early retirement. Neither back pain nor back abnormalities had any predictive power with respect to long term sick leave, labour turnover, or mortality. Multivariate analyses of 26 variables were performed. Both self assessment of general health and back abnormalities were predictive for early retirement with a diagnosis of back disorder on the retirement certificate but self assessed health was a stronger predictor. Age, smoking, and neuroticism were predictors regarding early retirement for all diagnoses. Education had a negative association; neuroticism did not predict early retirement with a diagnosis of back disorder.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1988, Vol.45, No.6, p.387-395. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 89-1557
Health and Safety Executive; Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee
Handling bales of pulp and waste paper
This guidance is intended for use in all premises concerned with the manufacture and handling of paper and board. It describes reliable and fully acceptable methods of achieving health and safety in the workplace. Contents: glossary; introduction; legal requirements; housekeeping, interim storage and layout; mechanical handling equipment (cranes - general, overhead travelling cranes, telecommand controlled cranes, mobile cranes, slings and grabs, fork lift and clamp trucks); lorries and trailers; ships and barges; storage; general safety consideration; handling and lifting of wood pulp; handling and lifting of bales of waste paper; specification for additional lifting wires. 9 appendices contain more detailed information on these questions.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1988. 29p. Illus. Bibl. Price: GBP 13.50.

CIS 89-1203 Schwartz E.
A proportionate mortality ratio analysis of pulp and paper mill workers in New Hampshire
A proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analysis of 1,071 deaths in pulp and paper mill workers in New Hampshire during 1975-1985 showed an increase in cancers of the digestive tract and lymphopoietic tissues. A similar analysis of deaths for 452 timber cutters and loggers failed to show excess PMRs for cancers of these sites. Despite methodological constraints, these results suggest that one or more of the exposures experienced by pulp and paper mill workers may pose a significant carcinogenic risk. More definitive epidemiological studies are required to determine particular high-risk processes or specific aetiological agents.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1988, Vol.45, No.4, p.234-238. 20 ref.

CIS 89-1362
Health and Safety Commission; Paper and Board Industry Advisory Committee
Protection of hearing in the paper and board industry
This Guidance Note should be read in conjunction with the appropriate parts of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and guidance contained in the 'Code of practice for reducing the exposure of employed persons to noise'. It is intended to help managers, health and safety advisers, buyers, safety representatives, technical staff and employees to reduce noise in their workplace using a step-by-step approach. Advice is given on how to use a noise survey to draw up a plan of action for a hearing conservation programme. The guidance concentrates on giving a practical appreciation of how exposure to excessive noise damages hearing and on providing quick reference to specific noise control measures. Detailed examples of noise reduction techniques are given in tabular format. In appendices: glossary of acoustic terms; legal requirements; methods for determining the adequacy of ear protectors; use of noise dosimeters.
HMSO Publication Centre, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1988. 40p. Illus. 56 ref. Price: GBP 9.00.

CIS 88-1994 Klingberg J., Beviz A., Ohlson C.G., Tenhunen R.
Disturbed iron metabolism among workers exposed to organic sulfides in a pulp plant
Eighteen workers exposed to sulfides at a pulp and paper plant were examined and compared with individually matched non-exposed referents. The exposure levels of methylmercaptan, dimethylsulfide, and dimethyldisulfide were low. However, 5 subjects were exposed to high levels of short duration, and their data were analysed separately. The activity of the enzymes delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase and heme synthase in reticulocytes, characteristics of the erythrocytes, and the iron status were analysed. A minor decrease, not statistically significant, was observed for the enzymes among the 5 highly exposed subjects. However, the concentrations of iron and transferrin were elevated and the concentration of ferritin was low in comparison with the corresponding levels of the referents. This combination will not occur spontaneously. A previous study indicated that sulfides may inhibit heme synthesis, and the present study suggests that they may also disturb iron metabolism.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 1988, Vol. 14, No.1, p.17-20. Illus. 7 ref.

1987

CIS 90-1539 Izmerov N.F.
Guide to occupational hygiene
Rukovodstvo po gigiene truda [in Russian]
Second of 2 volumes addressed to industrial physicians, specialists in occupational medicine, plant physicians and other medical personnel. Vol.2 is arranged in 16 chapters devoted to occupational hygiene problems in the following industries: mining; coal-mining (opencast and underground); iron and steel (sintering and iron-ore pellet plants, cakes and by-products, blast-furnace processes, steelmaking, ferroalloy smelting processes etc.); non-ferrous metals (manufacturing of alumina, aluminium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc etc.); machinery (foundry, press forging, heat-treating, machine shops etc.); electronics; chemicals; oil and gas extraction and refining; microbiology; synthetic polymers (plastics, man-made fibers, synthetic rubber, rubber products); construction and building materials; asbestos processing; textiles and light industry (textile, clothing, leather goods, shoe making); wood, pulp and paper, woodworking; printing; work with ionising radiation (nuclear power plants, radioactive sources, x-ray equipment, particle accelerators, etc.).
Izdatel'stvo "Medicina", Petroverigskij per. 6/8, 101000 Moskva, USSR, 1987. Vol.2, 446p. 58 ref. Price: SUR 1.90.

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