Forestry and logging - 445 entries found

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1993

CIS 94-1754 Machinery for forestry - Operator protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements
Machines forestières - Structures de protection de l'opérateur - Essais de laboratoire et critères de performance [in French]
This international standard establishes a consistent, repeatable means of evaluating characteristics of an operator protective structure under loading, and prescribes performance requirements for these structures under such loading in a representative test. It applies to mobile forestry machines and equipment defined in ISO 6814.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Dec. 1993. 3p.

CIS 94-914 Agriculture and related activities
Det grønne område [in Danish]
Volume No.18 of a series of monographs covering occupational safety and health in all sectors of the Danish economy. It covers agriculture, forestry, horticulture and related activities. These sectors are characterized by most of the work being unsupervised. Occupational safety and health problems in these sectors are mostly those affecting hearing, skin, and the musculoskeletal system.
Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, Landskronagade 33-35, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1993. 66p. 32 ref. Price: DKK 100.00.

CIS 94-132 Rigling L.
Felling of trees - Where do the dangers lie?
Das Fällen von Bäumen - wo liegen die Gefahren? [in German]
Many serious accidents occur in Switzerland every year during the felling of trees. The characteristic hazards were identified by analysis of 90 reported accidents. This booklet provides safety guidance to employers and workers in this area, especially as regards the positions of personnel in relation to the tree being felled.
SUVA, Arbeitssicherheit, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, May 1993. 8p. Illus. 10 ref.

1992

CIS 93-1586 Forest contractor's safety manual
Safety principles on areas of responsibility, protective equipment, emergency procedures, employee training and certification, as well as safe work practices, are outlined for managers, supervisors, employees, and sub-contractors in the logging industry.
Alberta Logging Association, #202, 10916 - 97th Avenue, Grande Prairie, Alberta T8V 3J8, Canada, 1992. 132p. Illus.

CIS 93-437 Chain saws
Motorsägen [in German]
Contents of this guidance note applying to portable power chain saws: types of saws according to the power source of the engine; parts of saws and related hazards; safety devices; safety rules for carrying the saw and starting the engine; fuelling; personal protective equipment, environmental protection, legal provisions. A checklist is provided for a maintenance schedule.
Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Abteilung für Unfallverhütung und Berufskrankheitenbekämpfung, Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200 Wien, Austria, 1992. 14p. Illus.

CIS 93-89 Fitting the job to the forest worker - An illustrated training manual on ergonomics
This training manual covers the following aspects of ergonomics of forestry work: ergonomics in general; the body and work (including, among others, discussions of back pain, proper nutrition for people engaged in hard physical work, blood circulation, heat stress, variations in body size, women, young and old workers); the natural environment; technological considerations (ergonomics of machines and hand tools, suitable working methods, noise, vibration, dangerous substances); planning and work organisation; accidents and their prevention; working conditions; training in ergonomics of forestry workers, managers and supervisors (including the use of an ergonomic checklist and of questionnaires during training).
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1992. viii, 128p. Illus. 16 ref. Price: CHF 17.50.

CIS 92-1350 Acoustics - Agricultural and forestry wheeled tractors and self-propelled machines - Measurement of noise emitted when in motion
Acoustique - Tracteurs agricoles et forestiers à roues et machines automotrices - Mesurage du bruit émis en mouvement [in French]
This standard specifies a method for measuring the A-weighted sound pressure level of noise emitted by tractors with rubber tyres, the noise being measured while the tractor is in motion.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1992. 4p.

1991

CIS 95-755 Kutscher S.
The Buchenbühl planting method
Das Buchenbühler Schrägpflanzverfahren [in German]
Pulse rate, muscle activity in the arms and shoulders, energy expenditure and work posture of forestry workers planting trees were studied. Two methods were employed for planting: the conventional method and a new method coming from the USA, which uses a specially designed hoe. Productivity was higher by 50 to 70% and posture strain was lower with the new method than with the conventional method. The planting method is suitable for deciduous trees.
A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, Sep. 1991, Vol.46, No.19, p.956-960. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 95-338 Forestry machinery - Portable chain saws - Determination of handle strength
Matériel forestier - Scies à chaîne portatives - Détermination de la solidité des poignées [in French]
This standard specifies a test method and strength requirements for the handles of portable hand-held internal combustion engine chain-saws for use primarily in forestry.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 2nd edition, 1991. ii, 2p. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 94-2142 Hoss C.
Organization of work with the harvester
Arbeitsorganisation beim Harvestereinsatz [in German]
A questionnaire was administered to 85 operators of harvesters used in forests in the western part of Germany for land clearing. Questions addressed the frequency of headaches, fatigue, shoulder pain, inability to concentrate and the conditions of work, earnings, job opportunities, personal relationships with co-workers and bosses. Those who rotated between several tasks other than operating the harvester had fewer health complaints and were more satisfied with their work than those whose work was confined to operating the harvester.
A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, May 1991, Vol.46, No.11, p.558-561. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 93-1376 Safe work practice for small wood skyline cable yarding systems
Safe work procedures are outlined for skyline cable yarding. Topics include: planning and layout; standard audible high lead signals; audible slackline signals; skyline carriage signals.
Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia, 6951 Westminster Highway, Richmond, British Columbia V7C 1C6, 1991. 22p. Illus.

CIS 93-831 Lander F., Lings S.
Variation in plasma cholinesterase activity among greenhouse workers, fruitgrowers and slaughtermen
The purpose of the study was to compare the plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities of 100 greenhouse workers and 43 fruitgrowers engaged in spraying insecticides with those of 113 slaughtermen who served as controls. The ChE activity in the greenhouse workers and fruitgrowers was not significantly lower than in the controls. Nevertheless the ChE activity of greenhouse workers declined with increasing exposure. The wearing of protective gloves appears to be of particular value for the safety of workers.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1991, Vol.48, No.3, p.164-166. 6 ref. Illus.

CIS 93-418
Alberta Forest Products Association
Forest tree planting: Minimum guidelines for safety enhanced field operations
Minimum standards of practice for all forest tree planting done in the province of Alberta, Canada, are outlined in this training brochure. Responsibilities are described as well as ways to identify hazards, deal with problem wildlife, emergency response, personal protective equipment, first aid, transportation, and campsite considerations.
Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1991. 23p.

CIS 92-1825 Accident investigation
Enquête sur les accidents [in French]
Guidelines for conducting accident investigations. Topics include: role of statistics and records; incident investigation; recording data on the victim and the accident scene; gathering evidence and witnesses; identifying contributing factors; calculating losses; making recommendations; follow-up.
Forest Products Accident Prevention Association, 128 McIntyre Street West, P.O. Box 270, North Bay, Ontario P1B 8H2, Canada, 1991. 32p. Index.

CIS 92-1517 Your new job in logging - An orientation to safety on the job for new employees in the cut-and-skid logging industry in Ontario
Ton nouvel emploi en exploitation forestière - Une orientation en matière de sécurité au travail à l'intention des nouveaux employés dans l'industrie de l'abattage et du débardage par traînage de l'Ontario [in French]
This training brochure aims to teach safety on the job to new employees in the cut-and-skid logging industry in Ontario. Covered: certification training; personal protective equipment; chainsaw use; teamwork; directional felling; danger zones; felling and skidding hazards; accident reporting; emergencies; legislation; health and safety committees.
Forest Products Accident Prevention Association, Box 270, North Bay, Ontario P1B 8H2, Canada, 1991. 16p. Illus.

CIS 92-1708 Logging licence-holder safety checklist
Liste de vérification de sécurité pour le détenteur d'un permis d'abattage [in French]
This booklet provides a checklist with which logging licence holders can identify specific areas to improve the level of safety of workers employed in the area covered by the logging licence. Part one lists some of the areas of policy that a licence holder should investigate. Part two lists specific areas that can be investigated in a safety audit.
Forest Products Accident Prevention Association, P.O. Box 270, North Bay, Ontario P1B 8H2, Canada, 1991. 30p.

CIS 92-1376 Futatsuka M., Inaoka T., Ohtsuka R., Moji K., Sakurai T.
A preliminary study on the function tests of the vibration syndrome in tropical rain forest workers
In a study of working situations and health hazards among tropical rain forest workers in Papua New Guinea, peripheral circulatory and sensory tests were used to investigate vibration syndrome due to chain saw operation. Among the 61 workers tested, including 16 chain saw operators, no clear evidence was found of harmful effects related to hand-arm vibration, although there was a possibility of subclinical dysfunction of peripheral circulation and peripheral neuropathies among chain saw operators. Results suggest that the reactiveness of peripheral circulation is closely related to exposure to hand-arm vibration.
Journal of Human Ergology, June 1991, Vol.20, No.1, p.95-99. 8 ref.

CIS 91-1889 Stibolt T.B., Vollmer W.M., McCamant L.E., Johnson L.R., Bernstein R.S., Buist A.S.
Pulmonary health risks among Northwest loggers
Spirometry, respiratory symptom questionnaires, and chest radiographs were obtained from 688 loggers in in the States of Oregon and Washington (USA). These were compared with data from previously published studies by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) concerning non-exposed blue-collar workers. The loggers' forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) values were significantly greater than expected, and their FEV₁/FVC values were less than expected. The only consistent difference in symptoms between the sample and reference populations was for recent chest illnesses, which were more prevalent in the loggers than in the reference population. The chest radiographs showed a small excess of pleural thickening that we believe is most likely due to chest trauma. It is concluded that the NIOSH studies concerning spirometry prediction equations may not be generalised to other blue-collar populations.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1991, Vol.33, No.6, p.699-704. 19 ref.

CIS 91-1609 Jauhiainen A., Räsänen K., Sarantila R., Nuutinen J., Kangas J.
Occupational exposure of forest workers to glyphosate during brush saw spraying work
The purpose of this study was to measure forest workers' exposure to the herbicide glyphosate during silvicultural clearing. Both the exposed (study) group and the nonexposed (control) group contained 5 persons who were medically examined before and after their 1-week working period (including laboratory tests) for possible health effects. In addition, exposure to glyphosate was measured in the study group from samples taken from the workers' breathing zone and from urine samples. The laboratory tests and urinary glyphosate analyses were repeated for the exposed group 3 weeks later, when the men had entirely stopped their work with the herbicide. Exposure to glyphosate through the workers' breathing zone was low. The highest value found was 15.7µg/m³. In this study, a biological monitoring method was also developed to monitor the workers' exposure to glyphosate. Urine concentrations were under the gas chromatographic detection level of <0.1ng/µL (<1.0µmol/L). No major differences were noted, either in medical examinations or in the laboratory tests performed, between the exposed and control groups before and after the work period.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1991, Vol.52, No.2, p.61-64. 15 ref.

CIS 91-1133 Proceedings of [the] Indonesia/ILO Workshop on Occupational Safety and Health and Working Conditions as a Basis for Operational Efficiency and Sustainability of Tropical Forest Management, Jakarta, 13-14 March 1991
This training workshop was jointly organised by the Ministries of Forestry and Manpower of Indonesia and the ILO. The 32 participants represented the organisers, the Association of Forest Concession Holders and FAO. The 8 papers presented discuss various aspects of safety and health in tropical forestry work. In the appendix: list of participants; text of Indonesian Ministerial Regulation No. PER/01/MEN/1978 on safety and health in tree felling and log transportation.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1991. v, 57p. Illus.

CIS 91-1182
Federal Ministry of Employment, Labour and Productivity (Nigeria)
Nigerian National Workshop on Ergonomics and Occupational Safety and Health in Logging and Sawmilling - Proceedings
This ILO publication contains the proceedings of the Nigerian National Workshop on Ergonomics and Occupational Safety and Health in Logging and Sawmilling, Ibadan, 3-5 July 1990, organised by the International Labour Office in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Employment, Labour and Productivity, Nigeria, and the Netherlands-based Promotion of Ergonomics in the Tropics (PET) Programme. Papers presented at the Workshop are grouped in the following sections: working conditions and accidents; health hazards in the working environment; the relation between ergonomics and productivity; legal aspects of safety and health at work; practical experiences of safety and health measures in some Nigerian woodworking industries; group discussions; conclusions and recommendations, evaluation of the Workshop.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1990. iv, 93p.

CIS 91-501 Occupational safety and health in forestry - Report III
La sécurité et la santé au travail dans la foresterie - Rapport III [in French]
Contents of this working paper and report prepared by the ILO for the Second Session of the Forestry and Wood Industries Committee (Geneva, 1991): terminology; introduction; developments and trends in forest operations and techniques; recent statistical data on occupational accidents and diseases; analysis of occupational accident risks; analysis of occupational diseases; prevention of occupational accidents and diseases; special occupational safety and health problems of contract labour; summary and suggested points for discussion.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1991. viii, 71p. 137 ref. Price: CHF 15.00.

1990

CIS 93-1505 Proper felling and limbing techniques
Safe practices for felling and limbing in the cut-and-skid logging sector are outlined in this training manual. Some aspects covered: personal protective equipment; notching; assessing the work area; safe chainsaw use; and chicots.
Forest Products Accident Prevention Association, 128 McIntyre Street West, P.O. Box 270, North Bay, Ontario P1B 8H2, Canada, rev., 1990. 31p. Illus.

CIS 93-417 Safe logging practices
Safety rules for logging operations are outlined in this booklet. Personal protective equipment, chain saw operation, hand felling, skidding, landing and loading are discussed.
Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1990. 20p. Illus.

CIS 92-1826 Lockout: Policies and procedures
Verrouillage: Politiques et procédures [in French]
Guidelines for establishing a lockout policy and procedures. Some of the topics covered: relevant legislation; the lockout committee; written policy and procedures; electrical lockout; potential and kinetic energy; shift change; removing another worker's lock; sources of sudden start-up; reversing lockout.
Forest Products Accident Prevention Association, 128 McIntyre Street West, P.O. Box 270, North Bay, Ontario P1B 8H2, Canada, rev., 1990. 32p. Illus. Index.

CIS 92-1707 Helicopter operations in the forest industry - A manual of standard practices
Planning and developing safe work procedures in forest industry helicopter operations are covered. Helicopter logging, cedar block flying by helicopter and transportation of injured workers by helicopter are explained with the aid of illustrations.
Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia, 6951 Westminster Highway, Richmond, British Columbia V7C 1C6, Canada, 1990. 66p. Illus.

CIS 92-1706 Fallers' and buckers' handbook - Practical methods for falling and bucking timber safely
Safe falling and bucking techniques used in the forest industry are described. All practices are based on actual experience. Topics covered: personal protective equipment; tools; general work procedures; training fallers and buckers; falling; bucking; dangerous work practices; role of workers' compensation. A glossary of terms and first aid essentials are also included. The fourth edition (1975) was abstracted as CIS 76-1111.
Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia, 6951 Westminster Highway, Richmond, British Columbia V7C 1C6, Canada, 9th ed., 1990. 132p. Illus.

CIS 92-674 Jürgens W.W., Ristow B., Pernack E.F.
Effects of heavy physical workload on the musculoskeletal system - Results of a cross-sectional epidemiological study among resin tappers
Zur Wirkung körperlicher Schwerarbeit auf das Bewegungssystem. Ergebnisse einer epidemiologischen Querschnittstudie von Harzarbeitern [in German]
Resin tapping involves a high physical workload (average working energy expenditure 21±5KJ/min, pulse rate 127±18/min). The work-related strain is particularly high on the upper extremities. For the purpose of this epidemiological study, 110 resin tappers and as many referents have been assessed clinically, diagnostically and, in the case of resin tappers only, X-rayed. This study shows mainly that both the pain and the degree of elbow-joint arthrosis deformans significantly increase with the number of years spent in resin tapping. Arthrosis deformans of elbow-joints which is found in one out of every four tappers is to be regarded as a "resin-tapping related health risk".
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete, Mar. 1990, Vol.36, No.3, p.155-158. Illus.

CIS 91-861 Abele G.
Testing of work clothing for forestry workers
Praxiserprobung von Waldarbeiter-Bekleidungssystemen [in German]
New fabrics, such as Gore-Tex, used in the manufacture of weather protective clothing, work clothing and underwear to be worn for forestry and logging operations are described. Beginning in April 1990, 14 different suits were tested throughout the Federal Republic of Germany by 56 workers. The tests were scheduled to last 1 year. Questionnaires and personal interviews will be used in assessing protection against injuries, thermal comfort and wear.
A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, 1990, Vol.45, No.17-18, p.409-412. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 91-1011
Health and Safety Executive
Training and standards of competence for users of chain saws in agriculture, arboriculture and forestry
Contents of this guidance note: legal requirements under the Health and Safety at Work Act; objective of requirements; selection of chain saw operators and conditions which may impair fitness to use a chain saw; supervision of trainees at training courses or being trained at work; requirements for competent instructors and training operators; recognised training bodies; certification. Appendices provide a list of relevant certificates and an outline of training courses for farm chain saw users and for foresters and arboriculturists.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1990. 4p.

CIS 91-828 Koskimies K., Färkkilä M., Pyykkö I., Jäntti V., Aatola S., Starck J., Inaba R.
Carpal tunnel syndrome in vibration disease
The presence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in 125 forestry workers with exposure to vibration was examined clinically by electromyography and by determining vibration detection thresholds. Numbness of the hands was present in 43%, history of diminished hand muscle force in 15%, and Raynaud's phenomenon in 27%. The muscle weakness correlated significantly with motor nerve conduction velocity in the median nerve in both hands. In 25 forestry workers CTS was diagnosed. The condition was bilateral in 48%; otherwise it was more common on the right side. Fifteen patients were referred for surgery but because of spontaneous recovery or refusal by the patients only five underwent surgery; of these four improved. The motor conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was decreased among patients with CTS, which supports the idea that entrapment neuropathies in the hands may be due to tissue swelling caused by vibration at work. Total exposure time to vibration correlated with the decrease in motor conduction velocity in the ulnar nerve.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1990, Vol.47, No.6, p.411-416. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 91-338
SLU Skogshögskolan
An ergonomic checklist for forestry machinery
Contents: health, safety and well-being; mounting and alighting; operator's working position; operator's cab; operator's seat; controls; instrumentation; cab climate; visibility from the cab; lighting; noise; exhaust fumes and dust; vibration; maintenance work; overall assessment. In appendices: body measurements; extracts from official recommendations regarding controls.
Skogsarbeten, Box 1184, 164 22 Kista, Sweden, 1990. 43p. Illus.

CIS 90-2064 Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Technical means for ensuring safety - Part 4: Forestry winches
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles et forestiers - Dispositifs techniques permettant d'assurer la sécurité - Partie 4: Treuils pour matériels forestiers et de sylviculture [in French]
This international standard specifies safety requirements for winches used on forestry machinery and agricultural machinery used in forestry. It applies only to skidding winches mounted on mobile forestry machinery, e.g. skidders and forwarders and on agricultural machinery used in forestry operations. All winches used in cable logging systems are excluded from this standard.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1990. 3p.

1989

CIS 93-1149 Touch wood - 1. Cutting; 2. Primary transformation industries; 3. Secondary transformation industries
Tocando madera - 1. La tala; 2. Industrias de primera transformación; 3. Industrias de segunda transformación [in Spanish]
A series of three videotapes on safety in the logging and woodworking industries. Contents: 1 - Safe methods of felling, debarking, branching, and uprooting. Safe use of chainsaws, other tools and tractors. Training of personnel. 2 - Sawmills. Manufacturing of plywood, chipboard, solid fuels, particle board, etc. Safety devices for machinery. Personal and collective protective equipment. Fire prevention. 3 - Hazards in carpentry, furniture, etc., workshops; handling of circular and band saws and spindle moulders; use of chemicals in varnishing and lacquering operations.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, C/Torrelaguna, 73 - 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1989. 3 videotapes (21 + 12 + 18min).

CIS 93-508 Hogrebe H.
Development of equipment for the collection of seed cones
Die Entwicklung der Zapfenpflückerausrüstung [in German]
For collecting seeds from trees for the purpose of creating a tree gene-bank, climbers, fall arresters and lifelines designed for pole-top work are used. The shortcomings of this equipment are pointed out and improvements for their use in forestry are suggested.
A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, 1989, Vol.44, No.48, p.1286-1288. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 93-440 Jacke H.
Variation of accident rates over the week
Die Unfallhäufigkeit im Wochenverlauf [in German]
Results of a statistical analysis of 833 recorded accidents in forestry in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany (Fed.Rep.), reveal e.g.: accidents were more frequent on Mondays than on other days of the week and in State-owned forests. The age group of 50 to 60 year old forestry workers contributed most to the Monday accident rate. In almost half of these cases the accident cause was slipping.
A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, 1989, Vol.44, No.48, p.1276, 1279-1281. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 91-1491 Torres Girardi E., Paredes Gallo F.
Risk prevention techniques in the pruning of Monterey pines
Técnicas y prevención de riesgos en la poda de Pino Insigne [in Spanish]
Training manual on the safe pruning of Monterey pines (also known as radiata pines, Pinus radiata), common coniferous trees of Chile. Contents: selection of trees to be pruned; classification of pruning according to the height of the job; tools and equipment; personal protective equipment; pruning techniques and risk prevention; defects in trees that can lead to hazards; check list of safe working practices.
Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Casilla 14565, Correo Central, Santiago, Chile, Sep. 1989. 22p. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 91-1375 Eggert J.
Technical and ergonomic aspects of tree trimming
Technische und ergonomische Aspekte der Wertästung [in German]
Weight, diameter, and height up to which trees can be trimmed are presented for five different mechanical and power saws as well as the costs involved. Four of the saws are rod cutters, the fifth one is a hand saw operated from a tree velo. Physical aptitude for handling these saws was determined by measuring the pulse rate of a worker. The endurance value was exceeded when the velo and hand saw were used. An ergonomically designed trimming saw is described.
A F Z - Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift, 1989, Vol.44, No.44-45, p.1180-1183. Illus.

CIS 90-2083 Kihlberg S., Attebrant Eriksson M., Lindbeck L.
The workload of drivers of small forestry vehicles
Belastning på förare vid körning med minilunnare [in Swedish]
Two small forestry vehicles with differently designed steering levers were compared with respect to the workload of the drivers. One, the standard machine, was controlled with a one-hand grip while the other, an experimental machine, was driven with both hands. The steering lever of the experimental machine was studied both with and without a vibration-damping device. The driving took place on a terrain course and over a specially designed obstacle. With the modified steering lever of the experimental machine, the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the flexor in the lower arm decreased and the EMG-activity of the flexor muscle of the thumb decreased by a factor of 2. The damping device on the other hand did not give any definite improvements. The driving was strenuous. The discomfort ratings were highest in the hand and lowest in the neck. In the hand and in the lower arm the discomfort ratings were higher for the standard machine. High accelerations and impacts at the lever were found. Calculated forces in the elbow and shoulder joints were between 230 and 960N and the moments were between 8 and 335Nm.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1989. 21p. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 90-1587 Apud E., Bostrand L., Mobbs I.D., Strehlke B.
Guide-lines on ergonomic study in forestry
These guidelines were prepared for research workers in developing countries. The first section looks at human biological methods for research in ergonomics and covers: energy expenditure; physical working capacity; evaluation of heavy work, energy intake and expenditure; body size and muscular strength. The second section describes the design and application of an ergonomic checklist covering a range of conditions found in forestry. Section 3 on noise looks at effects of noise on humans, measurement and assessment of noise at work, noise control and audiometry. The fourth section describes the collection, compilation and analysis of statistics and other approaches to accident study. The final section provides a simple guide to work study methods for foresters.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 242p. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 90-1722 Doby J.M., Couatarmanac'h A., Fages J., Chévrier S.
Tick-borne spirochaetosis among forestry workers. Serological study of 653 people from 10 departments in western France
Les spirochétoses à tiques chez les professionnels de la forêt. Enquête sérologique chez 653 sujets de 10 départements de l'ouest de la France [in French]
In a study of 653 forestry workers from 10 departments of western France, 21.7% were found to have antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (the organism responsible for Lyme disease). The incidence in a control group was only 3.7%. There was considerable variation among the departments. Among specific occupations, woodcutters and haulers had the highest incidence of antibodies (>23%). The importance of information is stressed.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1989, Vol.50, No.8, p.751-757. Illus. 20 réf.

CIS 90-1579 Klen T.
Factors affecting accident costs to employers, employees and public administration in forestry
An exploratory study was carried out in Finland to clarify the direct and indirect effects of some major factors affecting the costs of curable accident injuries. A questionnaire was sent to accident victims and their foremen at 2 big timber harvesting companies. Results showed that the seriousness of the injury was the dominant factor affecting economic losses. The severity affected indirect costs to the employer as a result of loss of input by workers other than the injured worker and also because of disturbances in the harvesting procedure. The severity also had an indirect effect on the total economic loss as a result of loss of farming time, work ability when returning to work, days in hospital and disturbances in the timber-harvesting chain. Daily wages had a direct, independent effect.
Journal of Occupational Accidents, Nov. 1989, Vol.11, No.2, p.131-147. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 90-1252 Safety code for bush undertakings - Part 2: Cable logging
Safety code to be used together with Part 3 (Logging) (see CIS 89-189). Contents: general (definitions, general safety rules, operational considerations, wire ropes); haulers and winches; skylines; supports; radius of haul; guyropes and guyrope tackle; rigging equipment; signals (sound and radio). In appendices: cable logging systems; logging blocks; wire ropes; glossary of terms.
Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand, 1989. 87p. Illus.

CIS 90-793 Safe wood transport by helicopter
Sicherheit beim Holztransport mit Helikopter [in German]
Transport de bois héliporté et sécurité [in French]
This illustrated booklet which can be used for training purposes provides practical information on: work organisation, protective clothing, lifting tackle and appliances; the working area around the helicopter; landing, hand signalling, radio contact, organisation of transport, the landing area, the unloading zone, the loading area, hooking of the load, important safety rules, what to do in case of an accident.
Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents, Sécurité au travail, Case postale, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1989. 44p. Illus.

CIS 90-1025 Guy E.C., Bateman D.E., Martyn C.N., Heckels J.E., Lawton N.F.
Lyme disease: Prevalence and clinical importance of Borrelia burgdorferi specific IgG in forestry workers
41 forestry workers in the United Kingdom, who had a high occupational risk of tick-bites, were screened for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting techniques, as well as being questioned about possible symptoms of Lyme disease. Antibodies were detected in 10 of the 40 men who had been bitten by ticks. Definite symptoms of the disease (in the form of erythema migrans) were reported by only 2 workers, and no-one had a history of neurological illness.
Lancet, 4 Mar. 1989, Vol.1, No.8636, p.484-486. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 90-807 Klen T.
Costs of occupational accidents in forestry
The cost structure was assessed for 364 cases in order to evaluate the total annual costs of temporarily disabling accidents in forestry in Finland. All of the fatalities were investigated individually. Over 60% of the costs of temporarily disabling accidents were covered by the employers, about 30% by public administration, and less than 10% by the forestry workers. The average total costs of temporarily disabling accidents to the national economy and to employers were obtained by multiplying the legal accident indemnity by 3.9 and 2.4, respectively. The indirect cost to employers seemed to be surprisingly low - only 17% of total costs. Thus, the ratio of employers' indirect costs to their total costs was only 1:6, although it has been reported as 4:5 in some other industries. The accident costs were 5 to 7% of the loggers' wages and less than 1% of the net national product of forest economy. Fatalities and permanent disabilities accounted for 15 to 25% of the total annual costs.
Journal of Safety Research, Spring 1989, Vol.20, No.1, p.31-40. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 90-636 Forestry machinery - Portable brush-saws - Measurement of hand-transmitted vibration
Machines forestières - Débroussailleuses portatives - Mesurage des vibrations transmises aux mains [in French]
This standard specifies general methods for data acquisition and processing concerning hand-transmitted vibrations induced by these machines. The methods are valid irrespective of how the brush-saw is operated during the test, for example, whether it is hand-held or mounted in a stand, and whether it is cutting or not.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Dec. 1989. 7p. Illus.

CIS 90-69 Rigling L.
Accident risks and safety rules during tree felling
Unfallgefahren und Sicherheitsregeln beim Fällen von Bäumen [in German]
Risques d'accident et règles de sécurité lors de l'abattage des arbres [in French]
Tree felling is one of the most dangerous activities in forestry work. Contents of this illustrated safety guide and training brochure: dangerous situations; safety rules (in particular, in the danger zone); examination of the tree and its area; how to apply safe felling techniques.
Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents, Case postale, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland, Aug. 1989. 26p. Illus.

CIS 90-323 Von Polenz H.A.
Lyme disease, the new disease spread by ticks
Lyme-Borreliose - die "neue" Zeckenbisskrankheit [in German]
Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks (Ixodes dammini). It is caused by spirochaetal infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease poses a danger to forest workers in Germany (Fed.Rep.) as this kind of tick is found in forests all over the country. The three stages of the disease are described. Recommended prophylactic measures include the use of insect repellants and covering the arms and legs by clothing.
Sicherheit im öffentlichen Dienst, 1989, Vol.17, No.1, p.4-6. Illus.

CIS 89-2018 Pyykkö I., Koskimies K., Starck J., Pekkarinen J., Färkkilä M., Inaba R.
Risk factors in the genesis of sensorineural hearing loss in Finnish forestry workers
A detailed analysis of risk factors for the development of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was carried out in 199 forest workers. The hearing threshold of both ears at 4000Hz was measured, and the effect of age, exposure to noise, blood pressure, presence of vibration induced white finger (VWF), tobacco smoking, plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration, and consumption of drugs were evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis. Aging was the major risk factor, followed by exposure to occupational noise and the presence of VWF. Plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration and the use of antihypertensive drugs also correlated significantly with SNHL. These main factors were able to explain about 28 per cent of the SNHL variance. Additional factors in the analysis, including smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and consumption of salicylates did not significantly contribute to the genesis of SNHL.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1989, Vol.46, No.7, p.439-446. 52 ref. Illus.

CIS 89-1871 Viren J.R., Imbus H.R.
Case-control study of nasal cancer in workers employed in wood-related industries
A case-control study of nasal cancer deaths in the states of Washington, Oregon, Mississippi, and North Carolina was undertaken to determine whether there was an excess of nasal cancer deaths occurring among workers in wood-related industries. This involved analysis of 536 cases of nasal cancer deaths occurring from 1962 to 1977, compared with 1,072 deaths matched for control. The study showed no overall excess of deaths from nasal cancer in wood-related industries, including furniture manufacturing. There was a statistically significant excess of deaths from nasal cancer occurring in the lumber and wood products industry; however, this was largely due to excess in these industries occurring in the states of North Carolina and Mississippi. There seems to be no association between nasal cancer and industry/occupation normally identified with wood dust.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1989, Vol.31, No.1, p.35-40. 17 ref.

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