Lead and compounds - 901 entries found

Your search criteria are

• Lead and compounds

1973

CIS 74-1374 Mathot J.
Biology applied to occupational health - Biological assessment of lead poisoning
Biologie appliquée à la médecine du travail - Estimation biologique du saturnisme. [in French]
Presentation of the results obtained by the statistical analysis of 15,000 biological check-ups carried out, over a period of 5 years, on more than 2,500 subjects exposed to lead poisoning hazard. Each check-up history sheet contains the following data: haemoglobin, erythrocytes, haematocrit, basophile punctuated blood cells, reticulocytes, blood and urine urea, urinary density, urinary coproporphyrin, urinary δ-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), urinary uro- and porphobilinogen. Supervision of workers exposed to lead should include urinary ALA, haemoglobin, blood urea and urinary urea monitoring.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Sep. 1973, Vol.34, No.9, p.538-550. Illus.

CIS 74-1371 Muratova A.K.
The hygienic significance of lead in various mechanical glassworking processes
Gigieničeskoe značenie svinca pri različnyh processah mehaničeskoj obrabotki stekla [in Russian]
During the splitting, cutting, grinding and polishing of optical glass and crystal, the workpost atmosphere is polluted by lead-bearing dust. This article presents the results of analysis of dust samples collected during various manual and mechanical operations as well as experimental data concerning the extraction of the lead contained in glass dust by water and solutions of ordinary salt and hydrochloric acid at 37°C. Recommendations made for the reduction of exposure include: workers' education; local exhaust ventilation; prohibition of dry methods for cleaning surfaces; personal hygiene.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1973, No.9, p.46-48. 5 ref.

CIS 74-1357 Pouplard A.
Occupational anaemias
Les anémies d'origine professionnelle. [in French]
In France, 3 toxic agents capable of causing anaemias are controlled by legislation: lead, benzene and ionising radiation. A physiopathological review of the haematological effects of these toxic agents (effects on cells and on haemoglobin) is followed by a study of different forms of anaemia (aplastic, haemolytic, hyperferric and hypochromic). The author stresses the seriousness of aplastic anaemias which, contrary to forms evolving favourably after poisoning has stopped, can become malignant.
Ouest médical, 1973, Vol.26, No.16, p.1611-1615.

CIS 74-1352 Farina G., Alessio L.
Repeated episodes of chronic lead poisoning appearing long after occupational exposure to lead
Ripetuti episodi di intossicazione saturnina comparsa a distanza di tempo dalla esposizione professionale a piombo [in Italian]
Study of a case of occupational lead poisoning in a worker employed in battery manufacture who had been exposed between 1946 and 1962 to a severe chronic lead poisoning hazard and who had several recurrences of symptoms of the disease long (up to 1972) after ceasing to work with lead. Since the subject had not absorbed lead outside his job, these recurrences seem to be caused by the mobilisation of metal accumulated in large quantities in the organs. The evolution of this case leads to practical suggestions concerning both suitable treatment and the programme of laboratory checks to be applied to persons suffering from chronic lead poisoning.
Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1973, Vol.64, No.9-10, p.358-362. 7 ref.

CIS 74-1351 Brugnone F., Carnevale F., D'Andrea F., Faggionato G., Gaffuri E.
Gout and hyperuricaemia in occupational chronic lead poisoning
Gotta ed iperuricemia nel saturnismo professionale [in Italian]
Description of 2 cases of gouty arthritis which occurred among workers suffering from chronic lead poisoning. The problem of hyperuricaemia due to lead was also studied among a group of persons exposed to lead with the biochemical symptoms of poisoning, as well as among another group without such symptoms. In the first group, hyperuricaemia was found to be attributable to a decrease in the renal filtration of urates, without an alteration in the glomerular function, whose origin should be attributed to the tubular excretion of lead, which comes into contact with the cellular structure of the tubule, thus provoking its alteration.
Medicina del lavoro, Sep.-Oct. 1973, Vol.64, No.9-10, p.350-357. 19 ref.

CIS 74-1347 Hoschek R., Schittke H.J.
Comparative determinations of blood lead as well as urinary lead and cadmium
Vergleichsbestimmungen für Blei im Blut sowie für Blei und Kadmium im Urin [in German]
Account of a study of the reliability of determinations, carried out with the participation of 28 institutes in West Germany and other European countries. The 1st part of this report is devoted to the preparation of samples, laboratory methods, results obtained by the various institutes, and to the discussion of prerequisites and influential factors. The 2nd part contains the results of a statistical evaluation which are reproduced in numerous diagrams and tables. For blood lead, the mean errors recorded in the majority of the institutes were between 7 and 15%, and even 20%. Furthermore, most of the institutes did not take into account the fact that a large part of urinary lead is absorbed by the sediment and consequently is also deposited on the surface of the receptacle. The determination of urinary cadmium did not raise any difficulties. The study showed that routine recovery tests by the institutes themselves gave over-favourable results and were thus not significant.
Forschungsbericht Nr.101, Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Unfallforschung, Postfach 25, 46 Dortmund-Marten, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1973. 188p. Illus. 124 ref. Price: DM.12.50.

CIS 74-1346 Pecora L., Rossi A.
Research on ALA-dehydrase in chronic lead poisoning
Ricerche sull'ALA-deidrasi nel saturnismo [in Italian]
Determinations were carried out of the enzyme activity of erythrocyte ALAD (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase) in subjects suffering from chronic lead poisoning, before and after washing with a physiological solution of EDTA, in order to remove a part of the lead fixed to the cell membrane. An increase in enzyme activity was found after washing, which confirms the hypothesis that the inhibition of ALAD in red corpuscles affected by lead poisoning occurs during the determination of enzyme activity. Haemolysis of the erythrocytes brings the endoerythrocytic enzyme into direct contact with the lead adsorbed onto the cellular tissue, causing an "in vitro" inhibition.
Folia medica, Jan.-Feb. 1973, Vol.56, No.1-2, p.17-23. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 74-1339 Borghetti A., Franchini I., Cavatorta A., Guariglia A., Neri T.M., Biava P.M.
Significance and limits of biological urinary indices of lead exposure
Significato e limiti degli indici biologici urinari di esposizione al piombo [in Italian]
The aim of this study is to specify the limits of "normality" of biological indices used in epidemiological research, for the general population as well as for subjects occupationally exposed to lead. Increased urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrins characterise lead poisoning but are not sufficient indicators of its severity. One should therefore establish sufficiently precise limits of "normality", i.e. the quantities excreted corresponding to a lead exposure in an ambient environment considered "normal". A calculation method is proposed which takes into account the urinary content of lead, δ-aminolevulinic acid, coproporphyrins and creatinine.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1973, Vol.64, No.7-8, p.250-263. Illus. 32 ref.

CIS 74-1442 Coniglio L.
Observations on the lead poisoning hazard among scrap iron melting workers
Osservazioni sul rischio saturnino in lavoratori addetti alla fusione dei rottami [in Italian]
After systematic monitoring of the foundry departments of several Italian steel works, the author demonstrated the presence in the fumes from the melting furnaces, of varying amounts of lead according to the type of scrap being melted. Clinical and laboratory tests were carried out on 50 foundry crane operators; a large proportion of these workers showed lead poisoning symptoms of varying degrees of severity. The results are set out in tabular form. There are brief comments on technical preventive measures (insulation of the crane driver's cabin by double walls, double glazing and lining the space between the walls with asbestos, cabin ventilation, etc.).
Securitas, Jan. 1973, Vol.58, No.1, p.35-48. 13 ref.

CIS 74-1333 Rispal R.
Lead anaemia
L'anémie saturnine. [in French]
MD thesis reporting 9 case studies (2 non-occupational) of lead anaemia which the author uses to stress the diversity of the clinical aspects and aetiological circumstances of this disorder and to discuss the difficulties of diagnosis. Porphyrin disorders and iron metabolism disorders in lead anaemia, vital to the understanding of the physiopathology, precede the study of the latter. Medico-legal considerations are followed by a long treatment of legislative provisions and current preventive methods as well as new perspectives for early diagnosis: easier and more accurate identification of punctate red blood cells and, above all, personalised evaluation of the intensity of biological hazard by the lead index.
Université de Lille, Faculté de médecine, Lille, France, 1973. 169p. Illus. 96 ref.

CIS 74-1309 Jindřichová J., Medek V., Boštík V., Eminger S.
The hazards of chronic lead poisoning in coating electric resistors with a lead-base enamel
Riziko olova při stříkání elektrických odporů olovnatými smalty [in Czech]
Study of the lead poisoning hazard in a workshop where workers were engaged in enamelling electric resistors by spraying with a product containing 13 to 43% PbO. Over a 10-year period (1961-1971) various preventive measures (especially improved ventilation) have made it possible to reduce the concentration of Pb in the atmosphere to a level near to the threshold limit value (0.05 mg Pb/m³), despite a 5-fold increase in production. The authors were able, on the basis of experiments carried out with a decinormal solution of HCl, to establish the solubility in the gastric juice of Pb originating in the enamels.
Pracovní lékařství, June 1973, Vol.25, No.6, p.238-242. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 74-1062 Morel J.J.
Hepatic lead poisoning
Saturnisme hépatique. [in French]
M.D. thesis. Reviews current data on lead poisoning and lead metabolism and the present state of knowledge on hepatic lead poisoning. Results of optical and electron microscope studies of liver cell impairment induced experimentally in guinea pigs by the administration of subacetate of lead in solution. This study is supplemented by observations on the hepatic aspects of 10 cases of lead poisoning in humans, the elements of which are grouped in functional, physical and biological symptoms. The results, which did not disclose any specific liver damage either at the clinical or experimental level, are discussed.
Université de Paris V, Faculté de médecine Cochin - Port-Royal, Paris, France, 1973. 59p. Illus. 131 ref.

CIS 74-1037 Dugandžić M., Stanković B., Milovanović Lj., Korićanac Z.
Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in lead-exposed persons
Izlučivanje 5-hidroksiindolsirćetne kiseline u mokraći osoba izloženih olovu [in Serbocroatian]
The effect of lead on tryptophan metabolism was examined by determining the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in 50 workers engaged in the manufacture of lead batteries. The authors also determined the urinary levels of lead, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coproporphyrin and atmospheric lead concentrations in the working environment in order to establish the degrees of exposure and lead absorption. The same biological parameters were investigated in 35 controls. It was found that lead has a negative effect on tryptophan metabolism and activates the excretion of its metabolite 5-HIAA. This phenomenon appears to be a useful practical index for the detection of occupational lead exposure if used together with other tests (determination of lead, ALA and coproporphyrin).
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 1973, Vol.24, No.1, p.37-44. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 74-1027 Hammond P.B.
Metabolism and metabolic action of lead and other heavy metals.
The heavy metals of principal toxicological concern today are lead and mercury. While heretofore they posed health problems in industry, today the concern is about their possible environmental hazards. This paper aims at focussing attention on some of the toxicological phenomena which must be considered in planning future research on the toxicology of metals and metallic compounds, especially with regard to long-term low-level exposure. The metabolism of metallic compounds is discussed as also their distribution in the body and translocation resulting from administration of chelating agents. Dose-response relationship is considered with reference to the biochemical approach in the search for endpoints of toxicity.
Clinical Toxicology, Fall 1973, Vol.6, No.3, p.353-365. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 74-787 Hammond P.B.
The relationship between inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by lead and lead mobilization by ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA).
A study undertaken to establish whether or not there is any clear relationship between the amount of chelatable lead and the magnitude of a toxic effect of lead in the body. The results show that there is a relationship between the pool of lead available for chelation with EDTA and the degree of toxic effect as reflected by liver ALAD (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) inhibition. Additional parameters of toxicity need to be correlated with lead mobilisation.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Nov. 1973, Vol.26, No.3, p.466-475. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 74-777 Kello D., Kostial K.
The effect of milk diet on lead metabolism in rats.
The effect of milk on lead absorption and retention was studied in 4 groups of rats after a single oral or intraperitoneal application of lead-203. The body retention of the orally applied lead was higher in animals on milk diet (4 times higher in rats on normal diet and cow's milk, 57 times in animals on cow's milk only, and 33 times in rats on powdered milk only) than in controls. The milk diet had only a slight effect on lead retention after intraperitoneal application. These results indicate that milk causes enhancement of lead retention mainly by increasing its gastro-intestinal absorption.
Environmental Research, Sep. 1973, Vol.6, No.3, p.355-360. 16 ref.

CIS 74-757 Anderson M.P., Mesman B.B.
Determination of lead in untreated urine by the Delves cup system.
An evaluation of the application of the Delves cup microsampling technique to the determination of lead concentrations in untreated urine. The absorption signal obtained from the urine sample is compared to the signal obtained from a known lead concentration in pooled urine. The method proposed is rapid, inexpensive and accurate; the lower detection limit is 0.020 mg of lead per liter of urine.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1973, Vol.34, No.7, p.310-314. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 74-753 Hammond P.B.
The effects of D-penicillamine on the tissue distribution and excretion of lead.
The 2 major chelating agents used in the diagnosis and treatment of lead intoxication are D-penicillamine (PCA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). A review is given of the results of studies which were conducted using male rats to determine: (a) whether the lead mobilised by PCA comes principally from the skeleton; (b) whether there is any translocation of lead to lead-sensitive tissues during the chelating process; and (c) the potency of PCA as a chelator of lead as compared to EDTA. The lead-mobilising effect of PCA was found to be inferior to that of EDTA under identical experimental conditions.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Oct. 1973, Vol.26, No.2, p.241-246. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 74-738 Fox A.J., Sayers M.H.P.
Accuracy and precision of two methods of blood lead estimation.
The results of a recent investigation into the accuracy of 2 methods of blood lead estimation by (a) cathode-ray polarography and (b) atomic absorption spectrophotometry are discussed.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1973, Vol.30, No.4, p.394-395. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 74-736 Lauwerys R.R., Buchet J.P., Roels H.A.
Comparative study of effect of inorganic lead and cadmium on blood δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase in man.
This paper compares the action of lead and cadmium on the red blood cell enzyme δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) and is based on findings made during a survey of 77 workers exposed to cadmium and 73 controls. It is clear from the investigation that in the general population, and even in cadmium exposed workers, cadmium has no significant effect on ALA-D, while all the available evidence indicates that the ALA-D activity of the erythrocytes is a very sensitive and specific parameter of lead in blood.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1973, Vol.30, No.4, p.359-364. 29 ref.

CIS 74-730 Soliman M., El-Sadek Y., El-Kashlan K., Gabr Y., El-Waseef A.
Evaluation of some parameters of lead exposure and possible correlations between them
Hodnocení některých ukazatelů exposice olovu a možné korelace mezi nimi [in Czech]
The activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD) in red cells was determined, as well as the urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulnic acid (ALA), coproporphyrin (CP) and lead (Pb) in 50 workers in a plant producing lead accumulators and in 25 controls without previous occupational exposure. The arithmetic mean of ALA, CP and Pb levels was 3-4 times higher and the ALAD activity 4 times lower in exposed persons than in the controls. In all cases, the differences were statistically significant. Another statistically significant relationship was found between reciprocal values of ALAD activity and ALA, CP and Pb values. It is concluded that ALAD activity was a more sensitive and reliable parameter than the determination of ALA, CP and Pb for the early detection of lead poisoning.
Pracovní lékařství, Apr. 1973, Vol.25, No.4, p.121-125. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 74-447 Lead - Code of practice for health precautions.
This code covers primarily the smelting, refining and lead accumulator industries. It aims to contol lead dust and fumes in the working environment by implementation of the best current practices and by achieving a threshold limit value of lead in air not greater than 0.2 mg/m³ (to be reduced shortly to 0.15 mg/m³). Sections are devoted to: control of dust and fumes; maintenance work; housekeeping; inspection of control measures and monitoring of production equipment; respiratory protective equipment; personal hygiene for lead process workers; health education and related training of employees; communication and joint consultation; legal requirements relating to employment in lead processes. A section on control of dust and fumes in the lead smelting and refining industry is annexed.
Department of Employment, H.M. Factory Inspectorate, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1., United Kingdom, Aug. 1973. 49 p. Gratis.

CIS 74-436 Sorenson J.R.J., Melby E.G., Nord P.J., Petering H.G.
Interferences in the determination of metallic elements in human hair - An evaluation of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
A study to evaluate the sources of interference in the determination of the concentrations of metals in human hair. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a standard reference hair sample, the authors established that the determination of concentrations of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium is free of interference when nitric acid is used as the sole digesting agent. They also demonstrated that chemical ionisation, light scattering and molecular absorption interferences are absent when commercially available equipment is used.
Archives of Environmental Health, July 1973, Vol.27, No.1, p.36-39. 11 ref.

CIS 74-595 Annual Report 1972 of HM Chief Inspector of Factories.
This report contains chapters devoted to: industrial hazards (explosion and fire, safeguarding of machinery and plant, major hazards, development in electricity); lead; the construction industry; safety and health activities; environmental hygiene; accident experience. Appendices contain, in tabular form: breakdowns of fatal accidents in factory processes and construction processes; reported accidents (by type and site of injury); horizontal injection moulding machine accidents; abrasive wheel bursts and breakages; power press accidents and injuries sustained; transport accidents in construction; tower crane accidents; collapse of scaffolds on construction sites, etc. During 1972, fatal accidents showed a further reduction continuing the trend of the previous 2 years; their number (468) as compared with 525 in 1971 was the lowest this century. The report points out that although the fall in absolute numbers is due partly to a reduction in the number of people at risk, the accident rates per 100,000 persons employed in factories have also fallen: there were 3.9 (fatal accidents) and 580 (serious injuries) in 1972, as compared with 4.3 and 590 in 1971.
Cmnd.5398, Department of Employment, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O.Box 569, London S.E.1., United Kingdom, Sep. 1973. 133 p. Illus. Price: £1.00.

CIS 74-551 Speizer F.E., Ferris B.G., Burgess W., DiBerardinis L.J.
Exposure to automobile exhaust - 1. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disease - 2. Pulmonary function measurements - 3. An environmental assessment.
This article in 3 parts describes how the prevalence of chronic non-specific respiratory disease was assessed in a population of 268 policemen exposed to a spectrum of levels of automobile exhaust. Pulmonary function tests were performed and hair lead concentration measured. Data are presented in tabular form to show that the men represent comparable groups and that smoking and to a lesser extent traffic exposure are associated factors in the development of respiratory disease. Annual medical assessment and seasonal environmental assessments are planned to permit prospective evaluation of the effects of chronic exposure to automobile exhaust.
Archives of Environmental Health, June 1973, Vol.26, No.6, p.313-329. 31 ref.

CIS 74-161 Lorant P., Svoboda K.
Medical examination of lead absorption in groups of persons occupationally exposed to street dust in Vienna
Untersuchungen über die Bleibelastung strassenstaubexponierter Berufsgruppen in Wien [in German]
19 garbage collectors, 21 roadsweepers and 11 traffic policemen were examined for blood lead concentrations, and for δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coproporphyrin in the urine. All parameters for these groups were significantly higher than for an occupationally unexposed control group. A close linear relationship was found between ALA excretion and blood lead, and also between these 2 factors and coproporphyrin excretion.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, Apr. 1973, Vol.8, No.4, p.95-97.

1972

CIS 92-364 Ordinance on Prevention of Lead Poisoning [Japan]
English translation of the Ordinance of 30 Sep. 1972 (for the original see CIS 75-747), as amended till 1989. Contents: definition of lead-containing substances and work procedures involving lead exposure; prescription of appropriate ventilation facilities and other preventive methods; management of workplaces where lead is present; monitoring of workplace air; medical examinations; personal protective equipment; training of supervisory staff; notification provisions.
In: Industrial Safety and Health Law and related legislation of Japan, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 5-35-1, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan, 1991, p.501-526.

CIS 75-747
Industrial Safety and Health Division, Ministry of Labour, Tokyo.
Ordinance No.37 of 1972 concerning protection against lead poisoning.
Ordinance under the Japanese Industrial Safety and Health Act 1972, concerning the prevention of poisoning by lead, lead alloys and compounds and other substances containing lead. A list of processes involving the use of lead is followed by sections devoted to: local exhaust systems; atmospheric lead TLV; medical examination of workers.
Collection of regulations and ordinances concerning occupational health, Japanese Industrial Safety Association, 35-1, 5-Chome, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Dec. 1972. p.216-249.

CIS 75-128 Panova Z.
Early changes in the ovarian function of women in occupational contact with inorganic lead.
Results of ovarian function studies in 100 female workers exposed to lead-tin alloys in a printing-plate factory. Diagnostic techniques used were cytology of vaginal smears, determination of ALAD activity and urinary coproporphyrins, and counts of stippled erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Comparisons with a control group of 100 non-exposed female workers showed a greater incidence of anovular cycles and cycles with disturbed lutein phase in lead workers. The disorders observed enable the harmful effects of inorganic lead to be detected at an early stage.
Works of the United Research Institute of Hygiene and Industrial Safety, 1972, Vol.23, p.161-166. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 74-535 Grossdorfer K.
Lead exposure in wire patenting
Zur Bleibelastung in der Drahtpatentierung [in German]
Following a short technical introduction and a description of the layout of a patenting plant, the related lead poisoning hazard is reviewed on the basis of an actual case of lead poisoning. Atmospheric lead determinations are reported and the mode of lead emission into the workplace air is discussed. Engineering and medical protective measures are reviewed (mechanical removal of material collected by the wire wiper, enclosure of the lead bath, washing of processed wire, cleaning of floor, etc., periodic medical examinations).
Amtstätigkeit der Arbeitsinspektorate im Jahre 1971, p.79-87. 4 ref. Verlag des Zentral-Arbeitsinspektorates, Stubenring 1, Wien I, Austria, July 1972.

CIS 72-2534 El-Dakhakhny A.A., El-Sadik Y.M.
Lead in hair among exposed workers
67 workers employed in lead and tin can factories were examined medically and biochemically. Lead concentrations were determined in blood, urine and hair, and a correlation was found between levels of lead in hair and the biochemical and medical findings. A lead in hair of more than 30µg/g is a sign of excessive lead exposure.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1972, Vol.33, No.1, p.31-34. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 72-2115 Nikkanen J., Hernberg S., Tola S.
Modifications of the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase test and their significance for assessing different intensities of lead exposure
A study of the effect of pH, substrate and enzyme concentration, incubation time and sample-storage time on δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity. pH of 6.4 is recommended for routine tests; where high blood lead is suspected, pH 5.8 may be used since, here, the quantity of porphobilinogen formed during incubation is at a measurable level. δ-Aminolevulinic dehydratase activity increases linearly as a function of storage time for periods of 15-90min; storage of whole blood at +5°C results in some loss of activity.
Work - Environment - Health, 1972, Vol.9, No.1, p.46-52. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 72-2140 Haas T., Schaller K.H., Valentin H.
Relationship between blood lead, δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase and δ-aminolaevulinic acid elimination in intermittent lead exposure
Über die Beziehungen zwischen Blutbleispiegel, Delta-Aminolävulinsäure-dehydratase-Aktivität und Delta-Aminolävulinsäure-Ausscheidung bei stossförmiger beruflicher Bleibelastung [in German]
Divergences between blood lead and δ-aminolaevulinic acid (δ-ALA) elimination often complicate the evaluation of the lead-poisoning hazard and the authors have attempted to determine the extent to which the type of lead exposure (continuous or intermittent) affects the relation between blood lead level, δ-ALA dehydratase activity and δ-ALA elimination. Divergences between blood lead and biochemical parameters are attributed to greater individual variability of biochemical parameters, and make it necessary to carry out repeated bioanalyses. Apparently, the continuous or intermittent nature of the exposure plays no part in these divergences.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Arbeitshygiene, Mar. 1972, Vol.7, No.3, p.67-71. Illus.

CIS 72-2284 Lahaye D.
Diagnosis, compensation and disability criteria for lead poisoning
Critères en matière de diagnostic, d'indemnisation et d'écartement de l'intoxication saturnine [in French]
In 1970, compensation was being paid to 309 persons suffering from occupational lead poisoning in Belgium; 89 were first recognitions and 3 cases proved fatal in that year. Data are given on diagnosis (clinical symptoms, urine and blood analyses). Criteria are given for temporary change of employment (urine lead above 80µg/L, blood lead above 60µg/L, urine δ-ALA above 6000µg/L, positive EDTA mobilisation test, haemoglobin below 12%) or permanent change (neurological involvement, renal dysfunction, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, ulcerous colitis, frequent recurrences, etc.), and for compensation payments. Brief reference is also made to tetraethyl- and tetramethyllead.
Fonds des maladies professionnelles, 21 avenue de l'Héliport, Bruxelles, Belgium, 1972. 36p. 42 ref.

CIS 72-2477 Cramér K., Selander S.
Comparison between D-penicillamine and N-acetyl-D-penicillamine in the treatment of lead poisoning
D-Penicillamine and N-acetyl-D-penicillamine were compared in the treatment of 2 workers with excessive lead absorption. The acetylated compound did not produce any significant increase in urinary lead; the non-acetylated compound had a satisfactory chelating action and produced an immediate reduction in urinary concentration and 24-h elimination of δ-aminolevulinic acid. The existence of a free amino group is essential for the chelating of D-penicillamine.
Pracovní lékařství, Mar. 1972, Vol.24, No.2-3, p.46-48. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 72-2268 Vens M.D., Lauwerys R.
Simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium in blood and urine by a combination of ion-exchange resin chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Détermination simultanée du plomb et du cadmium dans le sang et l'urine par le couplage des techniques de chromatographie sur résine échangeuse d'ions et de spectrophotométrie d'absorption atomique [in French]
Some elements such as lead and cadmium form Werner-type complexes with chloride ions in a hydrochloric acid medium over certain concentration ranges. Negative charging of these complexes permits fixation on an anionic resin. The authors fixed blood and urine lead and cadmium on a strong anionic resin and then exploited the affinity of perchlorate ion for strong basic resins by using a perchloric acid solution for wash-out. The lead and cadmium in the wash solution are measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The method was tested on 49 workers in a cadmium plating shop and on 44 controls. The technique is simple, rapid, flexible, selective and sensitive.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Mar. 1972, Vol.33, No.3, p.97-195. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 73-1 Jones R.D., Commins B.T., Cernik A.A.
Blood lead and carboxyhaemoglobin levels in London taxi drivers
Blood lead and carboxyhaemoglobin analysis of 50 London taxi drivers with intensive exposure to traffic-exhaust fumes revealed a mean blood lead of 28.7µg/100mL. There was no statistically significant difference in the blood-lead levels of smokers and non-smokers, nor between the blood leads of night-shift and day-shift workers. The mean carboxyhaemoglobin level was 3.83%; however, carboxyhaemoglobin levels of smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers, and the levels were significantly higher in day workers than in night workers. Mean levels for lead and carbon monoxide in blood were not dissimilar to those found in other town dwellers. It is concluded that little of the blood lead is attributable to lead in vehicle-exhaust fumes but that the levels of CO in blood were related to both smoking and vehicle-exhaust exposure.
Lancet, Aug. 1972, Vol.2, No.7772, p.302-303. 12 ref.

CIS 73-172 Ehrlicher H., Hoschek R., Mappes R., Pott R.
A discussion of the data sheet "Periodic medical examinations of workers exposed to lead", by the German Association for Occupational Safety and Health
Eine Diskussion des Merkblattes "Ärztliche Überwachungsuntersuchungen Blei" der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeitsschutz e.V. [in German]
A discussion of this information sheet (CIS 71-2090), with particular reference to laboratory analyses. The reason why haemoglobin and coproporphyrin estimations should not be excluded from the examination programme is explained. Following discussion on the level and compulsory nature of the threshold limit values, practical information is given on periodic examinations. The widespread use of screening tests can be supplemented by quantitive analyses where concentrations reach the medical threshold values. The various laboratory techniques are commented.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz, July 1972, Vol.22, No.7, p.195-200. 43 ref.

CIS 72-2766 Glitz E., Einbrodt H.J.
Inhibition of lead-induced haemolysis by polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide
Die Hemmung der bleibedingten Hämolyse durch Polyvinylpyridin-N-Oxid [in German]
Studies on erythrocytes (human, calf and rat) showed that lead-induced haemolysis can be inhibited or suppressed if the lead particles are incubated with polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide prior to contact with erythrocytes.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 5 June 1972, Vol.29, No.2, p.139-141. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 73-201 Grozdev I.
Changes in taste sensitivity threshold in persons exposed to lead
Promeni v praga na vkusovata setivnost u kontaktni s olovo lica [in Bulgarian]
Many authors have found an increase in the threshold of taste-analyser excitation in lead poisoning. The author studied the sweet and bitter taste-sensitivity thresholds in 56 workers with occupational exposure to lead and in 56 controls. Having allowed for the effect of age, a fall in taste sensitivity was observed in the workers. Bitter sensitivity is affected more notably. With age and occupational seniority, taste sensitivity decreases, the phenomenon being clearer in exposed workers. The sugary taste in the mouth which disturbs exposed workers in their work may be attributed to direct excitation of taste receptors due to an excess of lead in the buccal cavity. These changes and others include body reactivity disorders attributable to the general action of the toxic substance.
Naučni trudove na NIOTPZ - Razdel uši-nos-gărlo i stomatologija, June 1972, Vol.18, p.247-253. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 73-323 Nogawa K.
Lead and cadmium hazards to pottery painters
In a study of the health hazards of lead and cadmium in pottery glaze of pigments, physical examinations were carried out on 283 pottery painters. Urinary concentrations of lead and cadmium were higher than in controls, suggesting abnormal but slight accumulation of these metals within the body. High urinary lead concentrations were accompanied by low haematocrits and haemoglobin levels. Workers with high urinary concentrations of both lead and cadmium presented particularlymarked anaemia, and it is suggested that these metals may exert a synergic action.
Japanese Journal of Hygiene - Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, June 1972, Vol.27, No.2, p.259-266. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 73-1341 Bingham E.
Responses of alveolar macrophages - I. Inhalation of lead and nickel
Rats were subjected for one or several weeks to the inhalation of soluble and insoluble aerosols of lead and nickel (PbCl₂, Pb₂O₃, NiCl₂, NiO) at concentrations near or below the occupational TLVs. The number of alveolar macrophages was significantly increased after exposure to NiO, significantly decreased with Pb₂O₃ and not significantly altered with PbCl₂ and NiCl₂. The histopathological examination (light microscopy) of the lungs revealed changes after the inhalation of both nickel compounds. The experimental results suggest that the level of the current TLV for nickel (1000µg/m³) should be re-evaluated, as it may be too high.
Archives of Environmental Health, Dec. 1972, Vol.25, No.6, p.406-414. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 73-1437 Tola S., Hernberg S., Nikkanen J.
Occupational lead exposure in Finland - II. Service stations and garages
Random blood samples were taken from 76 Helsinki service-station workers and 83 automobile repair-shop workers to measure the blood lead (Pb-B) levels, erythrocyte γ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activities and haemoglobin values. The mean Pb-B of repair-shop workers (35µg/100mL) was higher than the mean Pb-B of service-station workers (21µg/100mL). Car-body workers had the highest mean Pb-B (46µg/100mL); the mean Pb-B in mechanics was 32µg/100mL and in car washers 17µg.100mL. In the petrol-tank filling personnel this value was 20µg/100mL. All these findings were in excess of the mean Pb-B of 10µg/100mL found in the general urban population of Helsiniki. The results are discussed in the light of lead exposure due to working methods.
Work - Environment - Health, 1972, Vol.9, No.3, p.102-105. 8 ref.

CIS 73-1044 Tichopádová E.
The addition of lead, selenium or tellurium to steel and its effects on work environment and workers' health
Vliv přísad olova, selenu a teluru do ocelí na okolní ovzduší a zdraví pracujících [in Czech]
In recent years it has become customary to add lead, selenium or tellurium to free-cutting steel to improve its machinability. This article examines briefly the effects of these toxic substances on the human body and the general safety rules to be observed. Since no threshold limit values are fixed in Czechoslovak regulations for selenium and tellurium, reference is made to the Soviet (0.01mg/m³ for Te and 0.1mg/m³ for amorphous SeO₂) and American (0.1mg/m³ for Te and 0.2mg/m³ for Se) standards.
Hutník, 1972, Vol.22, No.8, p.287-288.

CIS 73-1345 Barnes J.R., Smith P.E., Drummond C.M.
Urine osmolality and δ-aminolevulinic acid excretion
Three normal populations exposed to environmental levels of lead and 2 occupational groups (tetraethyl lead production workers and lead storage battery workers) exposed to industrial exposure levels were investigated as regards urine concentration (expressed as osmolality) and δ-aminolaevulinic acid (δ-ALA) in the urine. A mathematical model was developed to study the relationship between the 2 sets of values. It was found that urine δ-ALA is principally a function of urine osmolality when the level of lead exposure, and thta it becomes principally a function of lead exposure when another critical level is reached.
Archives of Environmental Health, Dec. 1972, Vo.25, No.6, p.450-455. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 73-1115 Hernberg S.
Erythrocyte δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in new lead exposure
The course of lead-induced ALA-D inhibition was studied in 29 storage-battery workers exposed to lead for the first time. Samples were taken before the first exposure and subsequently at irregular intervals during the first 4 months of exposure. The rise of lead in blood was accompanied by a rapid decrease of ALA-D activity measurable even during the first few days of initial-exposure. It is concluded from this study that erythrocyte ALA-D provides a good indication of lead in blood both in the early and steady stages of exposure; it probably also reflects the level of lead in blood after cessation of exposure, although this conclusion requires further investigation.
Archives of Environmental Health, Aug. 1972, Vol.25, No.2, p.109-113. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 73-1125 Kemble H.R.
Monitoring of blood lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry
The need for periodic blood lead estimations on employees exposed to a lead hazard in motor-vehicle body assembly resulted in the use of Delves's method of microsampling applied to atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The difficulties encountered in introducing this method are described together with the measures taken to overcome these difficulties.
Transactions of the Society of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1972, Vol.22, No.2, p.44-47. 2 ref.

1971

CIS 72-2687 Qazi Q.H., Madahar D.P.
Simple rapid test for lead poisoning
A description of a lead poisoning test suitable for mass screening which utilises the phenomenon of increased osmotic resistance of erythrocytes in lead poisoning and could be used for the detection of increased lead burden. Preliminary observations suggest that the test can identify more than 85% of persons with blood lead levels of 0.06mg/100mL or higher, and a larger percentage of persons with blood levels of 0.09mg/100mL and higher. The test is rapid, simple to perform, requires only 0.04mL of blood, and utilises reagents and equipment available in almost any laboratory.
Journal of Pediatrics, Nov. 1971, Vol.79, No.5, p.805-808. 9 ref.

CIS 73-1072
Department of Labour
Factories (Lead Materials) Regulations, 1971 [Australia - Western Australia]
These regulations are applicable to factories in which lead processes are carried out and deal with: cleaning and washing of floors; use of wet methods or exhaust ventilation in the handling of lead dust; prevention of exposure to lead fume, vapour or dust in lead melting or in the assembly of lead accumulators; disposal of containers that have contained lead; provision of work clothing; prohibition of employment of women and persons under 16yrs of age; provision of a mess room, changing rooms and separate lockers for work and street clothing; provision of washing facilities and washing time; prohibition of smoking.
Government Gazette of Western Australia, 26 May 1971, No.40, p.1798-1800.

CIS 73-1021 Petrov M.S.
Instructions for planning heating and ventilation plant in lead-accumulator factories
Ukazanija po proektirovaniju otoplenija i ventiljacii zavodov svincovyh akkumuljatorov [in Russian]
Basic rules for the elimination of air pollutants in workplaces and the removal of gaseous emanations from accumulator factories, the planning and construction of industrial buildings, and the planning of production processes. Instructions for the heating and ventilation of workplaces (with table of local exhaust ventilation systems adapted to certain types of work), and for filtering and purifying intake air. Numerous diagrammes illustrating the principles of ventilation and exhaust systems are appended.
Vsesojuznyj central'nyj naučno-issledovatel'skij Institut ohrany truda VCSPS, Leningrad, USSR, 1971. 56p. Illus.

1963

CIS 93-18 Hazardous Occupation Rules, 1963 [Pakistan]
These nine Regulations, issued under the authority of the Factories Act, 1934 (see CIS 93-14), prescribe medical certification and examinations, prevention activities (exhausts, washing facilities, protective clothing), prohibition of employment (women, young persons) and the issuing of certificates of fitness in the case of dangerous jobs involving exposure to certain substances (lead, rubber, chromium, sodium and potassium bichromates) and certain other dangerous operations (manufacturing of aerated waters, spraying of cellulose solutions, sand blasting, generation of petroleum gas). One of the Regulations, the West Pakistan Hazardous Occupations (Miscellaneous) Rules, 1963 specifies a large number of processes (manufacturing and/or utilisation of a large number of harmful or explosive substances) as hazardous under the meaning of the Rules, and it permits the Chief Inspector of Factories to declare other processes hazardous as well.
In: Labour Code of Pakistan (Shafi M.), Bureau of Labour Publications, Zam Zam Chambers, Dunolly Road, P.O. Box 5833, Karachi 2, Pakistan, 11th ed., 1986, p.300-321. Also in: Gazette of West Pakistan, Extr. 4 Sep. 1964, p.2835-.

< previous | 1... 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 | next >