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Compressed gases and pressure vessels - 837 entries found

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  • Compressed gases and pressure vessels

1992

CIS 95-665 Industrial ventilation: A manual of recommended practice
Chapters of this manual cover: general principles of ventilation; general industrial ventilation; local exhaust hoods; air cleaning devices; exhaust system design procedure; fans; replacement and recirculated air; construction guidelines for local exhaust systems; testing of ventilation systems; specific operations. A list of ACGIH Threshold Limit Values is included in appendix. New version of document abstracted under CIS 89-1308.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glenway Avenue, Bldg. D-7, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211, USA, 21st ed., 1992. xi, 470p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index.

CIS 93-1724
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia)
National occupational health and safety standard for users and operators of industrial equipment
This national standard was drawn up with a view to the eventual standardisation of certification in all Australian States and Territories for the use and operation of the following types of equipment: scaffolding and rigging; cranes and hoists; pressure equipment. The standard provides very precise performance criteria for each element of competence (a "task or component of work which is demonstrable and assessable") within various units of competence ("broad components of work"). Detailed range statements accompany each certificate class, showing the equipment range covered.
Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1992. viii, 220p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 93-1318 Booth M., Butler J.D.
A new approach to permit to work systems offshore
On 6 July 1988, the North Sea oil installation Piper Alpha was destroyed following a series of explosions and a major fire. One hundred and sixty-five men lost their lives. One of the most significant causes of the tragedy on Piper Alpha was the breakdown in co-ordination of hazardous activities. This should have been achieved through the Permit to Work procedures. The failure of these procedures led many operators of offshore oil installations to review their own systems. This article is about the radical overhaul of the Permit to Work procedure of one of the largest operators, Shell UK Exploration and Production, and the introduction of the revised systems to over 30 of its installations over a period of 18 months. Particular emphasis is placed on the control and co-ordination of dangerous operations, the maintenance of effective plant and process isolations and the establishment of defined authorities and responsibilities. All these have been backed up by an extensive training and competence assurance programme reinforced by strict auditing and a quality improvement process.
Safety Science, Nov. 1992, Vol.15, Nos.4-6, Special issue, p.309-326. 3 ref.

CIS 93-1356 Fan noise
Bruit des ventilateurs [in French]
Proceedings of an international symposium (Senlis, France, 1-3 Sep. 1992) organised with the sponsorship of the International Institute of Noise Control Engineering, and in collaboration with numerous bodies in France and elsewhere. Contents: key lectures; annotated bibliography; basic studies on axial fans; noise control in axial and mixed-flow fans; basic studies on centrifugal and cross-flow fans; noise control in centrifugal fans; prediction and similarity laws; system effects; measurement of airborne and ductborne noise; measurement of structureborne noise; ducts and silencers for fan noise control. Contributions are published in the original language only.
Centre technique des industries mécaniques, 52 avenue Félix-Louat, BP 67, 60304 Senlis, France, 1992. xi, 483p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Author index.

CIS 93-725
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften
Compressors [Germany]
Verdichter [in German]
Revised version of these safety regulations (updating the document abstracted under CIS 89-51), which apply to all types of compressors (reciprocating, turbocompressors, and vacuum pumps), contain sections devoted to: construction, equipment and use of compressors (especially marking, pressure limiting, and pressure measurement); oil-lubricated compressors and compressors for flammable, harmful and unstable gases. A supplementary booklet contains more detailed rules and commentaries for the application of these regulations.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, 1992. 20 + 29p.

CIS 93-594 Brueck S., Lehtimaki M., Krishnan U., Willeke K.
Method development for measuring respirator exhalation valve leakage
A quality assurance test was developed for respirators to be administered before field use. The purpose of the test is to control for leakage through the exhalation valve or any other potential leak source such as the seal between the respirator body and the air purifying cartridges. Respirator leaks are most likely caused by the exhalation valve. Exhalation valve leakage was measured in both new valves and field-use valves. Leakage through new valves was minimal in most cases, but one brand of new valves was found to leak significantly. Five percent of 67 field-used exhalation valves had unsatisfactory leakages indicating that dust or debris on the exhalation valve or valve seat may compromise the proper functioning of the valves. The cleaning of both new and field-used exhalation valves with water caused leakage to decrease significantly, thus supporting the importance of good respirator cleaning programmes for industry.
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Mar. 1992, Vol.7, No.3, p.174-179. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 93-322
Health and Safety Executive
Safety in pressure testing
This guidance note is a revision of the 1976 edition (see CIS 78-634). Contents: hydraulic testing; pneumatic testing; leak testing; underwater pneumatic testing; personal protection; systems of work; multi-compartment vessels; general guidance on pressure and temperature gauges, supply of a range of air pressures from a common source, correct use of flexible tube connections, safety valve checks.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, Rev.ed., Apr. 1992. 4p. Price: GBP 2.00.

CIS 93-180 Gottlieb N.H., Weinstein R.P., Baun W.B., Bernacki E.J.
A profile of health risks among blue-collar workers
This study describes the health risks and norms specific to a population of blue-collar gas pipeline workers. The workers completed a health risk appraisal and a survey designed to measure nutrition, physical activity, tobacco use, participation in health-promoting activities, group norms, and change efforts. Multivariate analysis confirmed the relationship of friends' behaviour patterns, risk-taking, and interpersonal experience to four lifestyle health behaviours. In addition to providing baseline information for the design and implementation of a health promotion programme for these gas pipeline workers, this study supplements the existing knowledge base for tailoring work-site health promotion programmes to blue-collar workers.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Jan. 1992, Vol.34, No. 1, p.61-68. 29 ref.

CIS 92-1443 Boilers and Pressure Vessels (General) Regulations 1992; Boilers and Pressure Vessels (Certification of Welders) Regulations 1992 [Australia - Victoria]
These regulations (made on 30 June 1992, effective 1 July 1992) were issued under the Victoria Boilers and Pressure Vessels Act 1979 (see CIS 92-1085). Contents of the first regulation: definitions; exemptions; design and construction considerations; duties of the Chief Inspector; technical safety requirements; valves and pressure gauges; registration; inspection and testing; conditions of use. In the schedules: sample forms for applications, design approvals, boiler and pressure vessel specifications, notifications and notices; list of relevant standards; intervals of inspection for various classes of boilers and pressure vessels. The second regulation deals with the certification of welders who work on boilers or pressure vessels.
In: Australian Industrial Safety, Health and Welfare, CCH Australia Ltd., CNR Talavera & Khartoum Roads, Box 230, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Vol.2, 34p. (pages numbered 60,923 - 60,978).

CIS 92-1705
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften
Technical rules under the Pressure Vessel Ordinance
Technische Regeln zur Druckbehälterverordnung [in German]
Compendium including the latest version of the Pressure Vessel Ordinance originally passed on 27 Feb. 1980 (CIS 80-1198) with all 32 rules of application notified in the Bundesarbeitsblatt through Dec. 1991. The rules cover design, materials, fabrication, installation, operation, accessory equipment, testing, and qualifications of testing personnel.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburger Strasse 449, D-W-5000 Köln 41, Germany, Apr. 1992. 154p. Illus. Price: DEM 18.50.

1991

CIS 97-1086 Health and Safety - The Simple Pressure Vessels (Safety) Regulations 1991 [United Kingdom]
These Regulations (coming into force: 31 Dec. 1991) introduce into British legislation the provisions of Directive 87/404/EEC (CIS 87-1166), as modified by Directive 90/488/EEC. Contents: definitions; application (scope excludes vessels designed specifically for nuclear use, vessels intended for ships and aircraft and fire-extinguishers); safety requirements; obligations of manufacturers, suppliers and importers; approved bodies (for providing safety clearance); EC certificates of adequacy type-examination certificates, verification certificates and certificates of conformity; the CE mark; retention of documentation. In annex: essential safety requirements (materials, vessel design, manufacturing processes, definitions and symbols); the CE mark and inscriptions; design and manufacturing schedules; families of vessels; enforcement.
HMSO Publications Centre, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1991. 24p. Illus.

CIS 94-1821 VSG Collection - Technical specifications applicable to the Ministerial Decree of 21 Nov. 1972 concerning stability testing of steam generators [Italy]
Raccolta VSG - Specificazioni tecniche applicative del Decreto Ministeriale 21 nov. 1972 per la verifica della stabilità dei generatori di vapore d'acqua [in Italian]
This compendium consists of 2 sections. Section 1 contains the legal texts establishing the role of various organizations (and, in particular, of ISPESL) in the safety testing of steam generators. It also contains the texts of the Law (No. 1132) of 16 June 1927 concerning the stability testing of steam generators and of the Ministerial Decree of 21 Nov. 1972 concerning the construction of steam generators. Section 2 contains a collection of very detailed technical specifications for steam generators and their safety testing, with separate treatment of generators made of steel and cast-iron.
Servizio Documentazione e Informazione, Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza del Lavoro (ISPESL), via Urbana 167, 00184 Roma, Italy, 1991. xxxviii, 69p. Illus.

CIS 93-1365 Merten C., Schönefeldt J.
Tightness of shut-off gate valves
Dichtheitsverhalten von Schieberabsperrorganen [in German]
Wedge-shaped disks used in shut-off valves in pipes must seal off the flow tightly and reliably, resist elastic deformation and should be low in cost. Computer-aided design of these components to fulfill the outlined requirements is described. The selected approach uses the three-dimensional finite-element method. The applied design algorithm and the results of deformation simulations are illustrated.
Chemie-Anlagen und Verfahren, Mar. 1991, Vol.24, No.3, p.93-94, 96. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 93-1253 Cheng R.T., McDermott H.J.
Exposure to asbestos from asbestos gaskets
Data are presented on asbestos exposures during use and handling of asbestos gaskets in the oil and chemical industries. Users' time-weighted average exposures to asbestos during replacement of after-service gaskets, on-site fabrication (cutting) of sheet gaskets, and handling of new and after-service gaskets inside storage facilities (Gasket Trailers) were all within the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit. The practice of dry removal of after-service sheet gaskets, followed by dry polishing of the seating surfaces with a power sander, could create a short-term asbestos exposure level in excess of the OSHA Excursion Limit. This type of potential, short-term, high exposure can be eliminated by wetting the gaskets and seating surfaces prior to gasket replacement. Data from the investigation suggest that asbestos gaskets can be safely handled if proper procedures are followed.
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, July 1991, Vol.6, no.7, p.588-591. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 93-1011 Asselineau M., Ravenstijn A., Heringa P., Danière P., Arbey H.S.
Noise from gas distribution circuits in the steel industry - Inventory of potential sources
Bruit des circuits de transport de gaz dans l'industrie sidérurgique - Inventaire des sources sonores potentielles [in French]
An inventory of noise sources in these circuits was conducted at a number of steelworks. Measurements were made on the blast-furnace lines, on the agglomerating or coking units and on the oxygen supply system. The main sources of noise were fans and control valves, where sound levels often exceeded 85dB(A). Other external noise sources were identified, such as the air intakes of the fans and compressors (sound level above 85dB(A) at 1m). The piping was not an important source of radiation: the level of radiated sound was generally below that of ambient noise.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Apr. 1991. 77p. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 93-550 Kim T., Flynn M.R.
Airflow pattern around a worker in a uniform freestream
The effect of boundary layer separation on worker exposure is an important factor in the design of local exhaust ventilation. Three-dimensional airflow around a mannequin is examined by using flow visualisation techniques and hot-film anemometry. Above the chest, a downwash effect is noted; from the chest to the elbows, a combination of downwash and vortex shedding is observed; and from the waist to the hip, vortex shedding appears to be dominant. A coherent vertical flow structure is observed close to the body. Vortex shedding frequency is determined by using hot-film anemometry. The dimensions of the reverse flow region and the area of the vortices are estimated from flow visualisation videos.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1991, Vol.52, No.7, p.287-296. 30 ref.

CIS 93-318
Health and Safety Executive
Pipeline and riser loss of containment study 1990 (PARLOC 90)
The purpose of this study was to update and improve confidence in the statistical information currently available to assess the frequency of loss of containment associated with operation of North Sea pipelines. Two databases were compiled: an incident database containing a description of each reported incident and data on the pipeline or lines affected; a pipeline database containing details of all North Sea pipelines. The collation and contents of the databases are described in detail along with their use in the assessment of factors affecting the frequency of incidents. In annex: glossary of terms.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1991. 100p. Price: GBP 20.00.

CIS 92-2047 Bandmann M.
Safe construction and maintenance of pipelines
Arbeitssicherheit bei Bau und Instandsetzung von Leitungen [in German]
Many water supply, sewage, gas and other underground pipelines in Germany require enlargement and maintenance. Important requirements spelled out in German Ordinances (Safety Regulations for Construction Work - VBG 37 - see CIS 83-1147) and Standards (DIN 4124, see CIS 84-1126) on the safety of personnel engaged in pipelaying or in the maintenance of pipelines are discussed. During underground tunnelling operations, pipes of more than 80cm in diameter may be entered by personnel. For inspections and maintenance the minimum diameter for entry under certain conditions is 60cm and the recommendation is made here that the diameter of pipeline over 100m long be raised to 120cm. All tunnelling, shaft sinking or open-trench work requires prior assessment of soil conditions. All trench work next to roads must be adequately illuminated and marked.
Tiefbau-Berufsgenossenschaft, Oct. 1991, Vol.103, No.10, p.684-690. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 92-1609 Macchi C., Pellicciotti G., Petazzi A., Rocchi V., Sapini O.
Risk management regarding the storage of ammonia
Safety measures for the storage of ammonia are presented as a result of experience gained monitoring a deposit containing 480 tons of anhydrous ammonia. The vapour plume resulting from a tank break is discussed in terms of radius of danger and effect of weather conditions. Plant modifications which were taken to upgrade safety are described. They include: storing less ammonia in more tanks; transferring ammonia between tanks using pumps; remote control shutdown valves; remote control pressure relief values; upgrading structural strength of tanks; changing pipeline system; installation of guards and shields; using ammonia leak detectors. General safety regulations for truck drivers on the plant premises are included.
Hazard Prevention, 4th Quarter 1991, Vol.27, No.4, p.6-10. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 92-1678 Droste B.
Fire protection of LPG tanks with thin sublimation and intumescent coatings
The results of two full scale fire engulfment tests on a 3.6m3-Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) tank protected with a sublimation coating (THERMO-LAG 440) and on a 4.85m3-LPG tank protected with an intumescent coating (CHARTEK III) are presented. The tests have demonstrated a sufficient vessel safety during 90 minutes of full fire engulfment. Additional furnace tests on CHARTEK III-coated steel plates have been carried out to optimise the necessary coating thickness.
Hazard Prevention, 3rd Quarter 1991, Vol.27, No.3, p.18-24. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 92-1541 Pistelli R., Pupp N., Forastiere F., Agabiti N., Corbo G.M., Tidei F., Perucci C.A.
Increase in non-specific bronchial responsiveness following occupational exposure to vanadium
Aumento della reattività bronchiale aspecifica dopo esposizione professionale a vanadio [in Italian]
A study was conducted to evaluate the level of bronchial responsiveness among workers recently exposed to vanadium pentoxide during periodical removal of ashes and clinker from the boilers of an oil-fired power station. A total of 11 male workers and 14 controls were examined 40-60h after the last exposure. None of the subjects in the 2 groups had symptoms of bronchial inflammation or significant airway obstruction. However, bronchial responsiveness, investigated using a methacholine challenge test, was significantly higher in the exposed group. It is suggested that exposure to vanadium increases bronchial responsiveness even without clinical appearance of bronchial symptoms. The possible role of such an increased level of airway responsiveness in the development of chronic obstructive lung disease is discussed.
Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1991, Vol.82, No.3, p.270-275. 15 ref.

CIS 92-1016 Stevenson A., Campion R.P., Ho E.
An overview of the MERL/BHRG international seal life prediction project
This overview presents a general outline of the work of a project concerned with elastomer seal life prediction; all detailed results and data remain confidential to the project consortium. The work included: a critical review of failure mechanisms and associated factors; determination of basic parameters using test specimens; development of a computer program to apply these results to actual seals; performance tests on seals under carefully controlled conditions. In addition, a Seal Life Prediction Methodology is being compiled to enable the techniques developed to be applied to specific problems in the future.
Health and Safety Executive, Library and Information Services, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, Mar. 1991. 24p. Illus.

CIS 92-640 Safety measures for water-jet processing machinery
Wōtājetto kakōki no anzen taisaku ni kansuru chōsa kenkyū i-inkai hōkokusho [in Japanese]
Water-jet processing machines use high-pressure water jets to cut and exfoliate hard materials, such as ceramics and concrete, as well as soft materials, such as cloth and building materials. Cases are seen in which workers are injured by the ejection or splash of high-pressure water due to the breakage or bursting of high-pressure pumps or high-pressure piping, or to the unexpected ejection of high-pressure water at the time of repair or inspection. To cope with this situation, a "Study Committee on Safety Measures for Water-Jet Processing Machinery" was established in November 1989. This report of the committee includes guidelines on safety measures, an outline of the present situation in water-jet processing work, and safety standards usable as guidelines for high-pressure devices, guns, piping, hoses and electric devices at the designing and manufacture stage. It also describes standards for handling or inspection during installation and use, and explains how to provide safety education.
Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 5-35-1 Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Mar. 1991. vi, 249p. Illus. 107 ref.

CIS 92-228 Todaro A., Bronzato R., Buratti M., Colombi A.
Acute exposure to vanadium-containing dusts - Health effects and biological monitoring in a group of boiler maintenance workers
Esposizione acuta a polveri contenenti vanadio - Effetti sulla salute e monitoraggio biologico in un gruppo di lavoratori addetti alla manutenzione delle caldaie [in Italian]
An episode of acute intoxication due to inhalation of vanadium-containing dusts is described in a group of 10 workers during maintenance work inside a boiler of an oil-fired electrical power station. Historical, clinical and biological monitoring data concerning the acute exposure phase and subsequent checks are presented. The appearance of irritative symptoms of the upper airways, green tongue (in 6 out of 10 subjects) and the values of urinary excretion of vanadium indicated acute vanadium exposure. With the use of appropriate individual protection devices and shorter shifts, 2 weeks after the episode there was a complete remission of the symptoms and a return of urinary vanadium concentrations to normal levels. Checks made 6 months, 1 and 2 years later did not reveal any alterations in the general blood chemistry parameters and the urinary vanadium concentrations were below 1µg/L (reference value). This episode confirms the danger involved in working in the presence of fuel oil residues or ashes and the need to adopt appropriate prevention measures.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1991, Vol.82, No.2, p.142-147. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 92-266 Leslie I.R.M., Birk A.M.
State of the art review of pressure liquefied gas container failure modes and associated projectile hazards
A literature search and review was carried out to assess the state of knowledge with regard to pressure liquefied gas (PLG) vessel failure modes and mechanisms, release severity, projectile hazards, and blast effects. Specific parameters of interest were the effect of vessel initial conditions on rupture severity, and the ability to predict the occurrence of the boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE). The review revealed several areas where knowledge is weak, including the effects of blast on structures, the understanding of the failure modes of PLG containers, projectile modelling for PLG vessel failures, and the effects of fill level on the severity of an explosion or the likelihood of a BLEVE.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Nov. 1991, Vol.28, No.3, p.329-365. 71 ref.

CIS 91-2021 Wigley D.A.
Guidelines to good practice in pipe freezing
Cryogenic pipe freezing is a technique for solidifying the liquid in a pipe to form pressure-resistant plugs for maintenance and repair work. Part 1 of these guidelines provides an introduction to the concepts of pipe freezing and outlines the points to be considered when deciding whether the technique would be suitable for a particular application. Part 2 sets out the information needed to determine the conditions under which a plug may be formed by pipe freezing. Topics covered include: freezing water-based, hydrocarbon-based and other fluids; special freezing techniques; characteristics of pipe wall materials; safe handling of cryogenic fluids and solids; operating procedures; special requirements for particular industries.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton S09 5NH, United Kingdom, July 1991. 109p. Illus. 32 ref.

CIS 91-1672 Bickley A.M.
Safety and Reliability Directorate
Calculations of the effect of thermal radiation on a vessel containing propylene oxide
This report gives details of the data used in calculations to find probable times to failure for a spherical vessel containing propylene oxide, subjected to incident thermal radiation from a distant pool fire of 38kW/m2 at the nearest point. Calculations were made using the ENGULF computer code and showed that for a 100,000kg mass of propylene oxide the tank would still be intact after nearly 14 hours.
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Wigshaw Lane, Culcheth, Warrington WA3 4NE, United Kingdom, 1991. 9p. 10 ref.

1990

CIS 98-400 Regulation on boilers - Decree No.6 of 23 August 1969 [Costa Rica]
Reglamento de calderas - Decreto nº6 de 23 de agosto de 1969 [Costa Rica] [in Spanish]
This Regulation repeals Decrees No.18 of 30 May 1945 and No.17 of 8 June 1964. Topics: approval; chimneys; classification; combustible liquids; Costa Rica; fired pressure vessels; flammable gases; inspection; law; level gauges; penalties; pressure gauges; preventive maintenance; safety checks; safety devices; safety valves.
Consejo de Salud Ocupacional, San José, Costa Rica, 1990, 24p.

CIS 97-1429 Executive Decree No.90-246 of 18 Aug. 1990 regulating the use of steam pressure vessels [Algeria]
Décret exécutif n°90-246 du 18 août 1990 portant réglementation des appareils à pression de vapeur [Algérie] [in French]
Contents of this Executive Decree: safety conditions for the manufacturing, installation and use of steam boilers, steam pipes and steam vessels; safety devices (level indicators, manometers, safety valves, alarms, openings, tubes and shut-off valves); conformity testing of new equipment; testing during maintenance; conditions for the use of steam generators (three categories are defined); inspection of steam-operating equipment; investigation of accidents caused by such equipment.
Journal officiel de la République algérienne, 22 Aug.1990, No.36, p.1003-1010.

CIS 97-1428 Executive Decree No.90-245 of 18 Aug. 1990 regulating the use of pressurized gas equipment [Algeria]
Décret exécutif n°90-245 du 18 août 1990 portant réglementation des appareils à pression de gaz [Algérie] [in French]
Contents of this Decree: safety conditions for the manufacturing, installation and use of pressurized gas equipment; rules applicable to the repair and testing of such equipment (need for verification certificates and reparation registries); requirement to notify the Mining Services of the installation of all fixed pressurized gas equipment; investigation of accidents involving such equipment.
Journal officiel de la République algérienne, 22 Aug.1990, No.36, p.998-1003.

CIS 95-1487 Cylinder valve outlets for gases and gas mixtures - Selection and dimensioning
Raccords de sortie de robinets de bouteilles de gaz et mélanges de gaz - Choix et dimensionnement [in French]
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1990. iii, 22p. Illus. ###

CIS 92-660
Health and Safety Commission
Safety of pressure systems
This Approved Code of Practice provides guidance on the Pressure Systems and Transportable Gas Containers Regulations 1989 (see CIS 90-1434). Contents: interpretation, application and duties; requirements for the design, construction, repair and modification of pressure systems; provision of information and marking; installation; safe operating limits; written scheme of examination and examination in accordance with it; action in case of imminent danger; safe operation of systems; maintenance; record keeping; precautions to prevent pressurisation of certain vessels; regulations applying to transportable gas containers. A schedule lists pressure systems and transportable gas containers excepted from all or some of the regulations.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1990. 42p. Price: GBP 4.50.

CIS 91-1664 Strohmeier K.
Leak analysis in compliance with the major accident hazard control ordinance
Leckanalyse bei Anwendung der Störfall-Verordnung [in German]
The Major Accident Hazard Control Ordinance (Germany, see CIS 81-293) requires identification of hazards which might lead to failure of pressure vessels and systems. Leaks pose one such hazard. For pipes, containers, tanks, fittings and flanges the methods of detecting cracks and of predicting crack propagation as required by the major accident hazard control ordinance are outlined.
Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik, Dec. 1990, Vol.62, No.12, p.1003-1007. Illus.

CIS 91-1713 Lowther M., Riklik L.
How to work safely with compressed gas
This publication is a source of general information on working safely with compressed gases stored in cylinders as liquefied, non-liquefied, and dissolved gases. The safety aspects of storage cylinders are outlined. Methods of handling, storage, and disposal of compressed gases are explained, along with recommended personal protection equipment and emergency procedures.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1990. 15p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: CAD 3.00 (Canada); USD 3.50 (USA); USD 4.00 (elsewhere).

CIS 91-1660 Wakoh H., Hirano T.
Model for spreading of leaked gas in soil
Rōei gasu no chichū kakusan [in Japanese]
Buried pipelines are widely used for supplying domestic fuel and industrial flammable gas. Methods of predicting the spread of leaked gas are therefore a matter of urgency, as it is important to minimise the loss caused by accidental explosion or fire. A method has been developed for detecting a continuous large leak of gas at atmospheric pressure underground. A concentration equation has been derived for predicting the location of the leak, based on a convection-diffusion equation. To ensure that the derived equations are adequate for the prediction, concentrations of leaked propane were measured using a He-Ne laser gas monitor and compared with predicted values. The predicted and measured concentrations coincided.
Journal of the Japan Society for Safety Engineering - Anzen kōgaku, 15 Oct. 1990, Vol.29, No.5, p.320-325. 17 ref.

CIS 91-1676 Acetylene cylinder packs
Gaspakketten: acetyleen [in Dutch]
This information note deals with the use of packs of acetylene cylinders and the risks involved in handling them. Most of the risks are the same as with single gas cylinders. An important difference, however, is that a pack is far less transportable than are single gas cylinders. Use, storage and transport each have their risks. Personnel involved should have knowledge of the dangers and the measures to be taken in case of a calamity. This publication gives an overview of the necessary technical information, organisational measures and measures to be taken in case of fire or dissociation. The relevant Dutch legislation is also reviewed.
Labour Inspectorate, Directorate-General of Labour (Arbeidsinspectie, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1990. 15p. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 91-1329 Heisel U., Rothmund J., Fiebig W.
Influence of gear modification on noise emissions by gear pumps
Einfluss der Zahnkopfrücknahme auf die Geräuschemissionen beim Betrieb von Aussenzahnradpumpen [in German]
The noise of gear pumps is mainly caused by interaction of the gear wheels. The benefits of tooth modification on noise emission were theoretically investigated. Noise measurements were carried out on three pumps with different designs. The pump with teeth shortened by 10µm was found to emit less noise than the other two pumps with either polished or abraded full-length teeth.
Maschinenmarkt, 1990, Vol.96, No.38, p.262-264, 266, 268. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 91-1351
Health and Safety Executive
Safety at autoclaves
This guidance note incorporates relevant parts of Technical Data Note 46 'Safety at quick-opening and other doors of autoclaves' (CIS 74-1546), which it replaces. Contents: autoclave processes; hazards (explosive displacement of door, violent opening of door under residual pressure, scalding, explosion of sealed glass containers); safeguards (correct design, provision of suitable valves and other fittings, markings, specific devices for autoclaves with quick-opening or bolted doors, drain and blow-down lines, autoclaves for sterilising); interlocking; operator training; examination and maintenance; legal requirements.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1990. 7p. 8 ref.

CIS 91-1301 Crooks E.
The legacy of Flixborough
The purpose of this paper is to show how the Pressure Systems and Transportable Gas Containers Regulations 1989 of the United Kingdom (which come into full effect in July 1994, see CIS 90-1434) would have applied to the Flixborough plant prior to its destruction, and hence to test their relevance and value in minimising the risk of a similar incident in the future. A number of questions are discussed in relation to the Regulations: the nature of the fluid in question, the effect of a system failure, exceptions to the Regulations and the extent to which the Regulations apply to modification, repair and maintenance.
Loss Prevention Bulletin, Dec. 1990, No.96, p.7-12. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 91-1002 Gentner U.
Transfer of liquefied gas into small cylinders
Umfüllen von Flüssiggas in Handwerkerflaschen [in German]
Appendix 1 to the Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRG 402) of the Federal Republic of Germany went into effect in March 1989. It addresses the transfer of liquefied gas such as propane from large into small cylinders with a volume of 1L for use on construction sites. A safety fixture for holding the pressure vessels and a connecting piece are required during the transfer to avoid any spill. These are illustrated and the ventilation requirements for the transfer are outlined.
Flüssiggas, 1990, Vol.36, No.1, p.8-9. Illus.

CIS 91-994 Advanced sound attenuation: a valve against noise - Howling, noisy abrasive-wheel cutting-off machines are out
Schrittmachende Schalldämpferkonstruktion: ein Ventil gegen den Lärm - Heulende, laute Schruppschleifer sind passé [in German]
The operating principle of a pressure-regulating valve installed in an abrasive-wheel cutting-off machine is illustrated. It reduces the sound level of 1.2-3.8kW pneumatic grinders at idle to below 80dB(A) and during operation to below 90dB(A).
Druckluft-Kommentare, 1990, No.2, p.26-27. Illus.

CIS 91-630 Molter E., Schoft H.
Safe operation of pressure vessels by means of measurement and control engineering - An alternative to pressure release
Die Absicherung von Druckbehältern mit den Mitteln der Mess- und Regeltechnik - Eine Alternative zur Druckentlastung [in German]
Alternative methods to pressure release from pressure vessels include: pressure-resistant design, emergency cooling, injection of decomposition arresters as well as the measurement and control of pressure, temperature and reactant amount. The different methods satisfy different demands. Application of the method of monitoring and controlling process parameters is illustrated with polymerisation.
Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik, 1990, Vol.62, No.7, p.530-536. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 91-422 Dewell P.
Unit: Harmful dusts, gases, vapours and mists - Module: Local exhaust ventilation
This training module is designed for home study and includes many practical exercises with answers. It is the 4th version of a publication originally issued in 1986 and contains 2 segments: 1 - Hoods (function, form and general application of hoods; total enclosures, booths, receptor hoods, captor hoods; typical applications; estimation of ventilation requirements; LEV problems in real situations; proving new or improved LEV systems); 2 - Ducts, collectors and fans (ducts; dust collectors; typical wet and dry collectors; disposal and recirculation; fans; LEV systems where there is a risk of fires or explosions; inspection testing and maintenance of LEV systems).
Occupational Health and Safety, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Lion Gate Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HF, United Kingdom, 1990. 64p. Illus.

CIS 91-613 Fischer S.
Low-noise, high-pressure nozzles
Geräuschgeminderte Druckluftdüsen [in German]
The noise produced by compressed air nozzles used in cleaning, transporting and ejecting workpieces can be significantly reduced by: carefully matching air pressure to the required force or air flow; selecting the adequate number and diameter of orifices; optimising the distance between the air nozzle and the workpiece. Examples show that noise reductions of 5 to 9dB can be realised. Twenty models of quiet nozzles are presented together with tables as application guidelines.
Humane Produktion - Humane Arbeitsplätze, 1990, Vol.12, No.1, p.27-32. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 90-1479 Nitrogen, compressed
Azote, comprimé [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Toxicity: asphyxiant.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. E., Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1990. 1p. Illus.

CIS 90-1098 Compressed air equipment [Norway]
Trykkluftanlegg [in Norwegian]
Revised version of this directive (effective 1 April 1978) which applies to pressure vessels and systems for pressurised air (other gases are not included). Contents: safety requirements for compressors, cooling systems, pipes, pressure vessels, thermometers and thermostats, manometers and safety valves, shut-off valves, supervision of the equipment, maintenance regulations, and special rules for small pressure piping systems.
Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet, Postboks 8103 Dep., 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, 11th ed. Mar. 1990. 17p.

CIS 90-1097 High-pressure spray guns [Norway]
Høytrykks sprøyteutstyr [in Norwegian]
New edition of these regulations issued under the Workers' Protection Act of 7 Dec. 1965 and entered into force on 15 June 1974. They concern airless high-pressure guns for spraying paint and antirust coatings and cover the duties of suppliers, employers and workers, legal implications, built-in safety features (foolproof operating valve, trigger guard, reinforced flexible tube, earthing of gun to avoid static electricity, etc.) and safe working methods (goggles, safety gloves, minimum age 18yrs, etc.).
Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet, Postboks 8103 Dep., 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, 6th ed. Mar. 1990. 4p.

1989

CIS 91-2002 Rutherford S.C., Webber D.M.
Safety and Reliability Directorate
TRAUMA issue 3.5 a user's update
TRAUMA is a computer code (see CIS 90-2028) which was developed to model ammonia jets from breached pressurised containers. This report describes developments which allow the code to be applied to other substances.
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Wigshaw Lane, Culcheth, Warrington WA3 4NE, United Kingdom, 1989. 40p. 5 ref. Price: GBP 6.00.

CIS 91-1184 Safety rules for the operation of petroleum pipelines
Pravila bezopasnosti pri ėkspluatacii magistral'nyh nefteprovodov [in Russian]
This booklet is aimed at engineers and technical personnel working on petroleum pipelines. Contents: general aspects (personal protective equipment, locker rooms, sanitary facilities, canteens, medical services, protection of women workers, working zones and premises, industrial noise and vibration, heating and ventilation, environmental control, electrical equipment and lighting, etc.); operation of pumping plants, tank storage, underground ferroconcrete tanks, on-shore constructions, industrial pipelines, etc; auxiliary facilities (laboratories, maintenance, mechanical and woodworking shops); repair of pumping stations and tanks; supplementary safety requirements for work with high-sulfur petroleum; operation of petroleum pipelines (tunnel pipelines, dealing with the consequences of accidents maintenance and repair of petroleum pipelines; welding and cutting; use of hoisting and earthmoving machines for repair work and cleanup after accidents); working in winter. In appendices: a list of MACs of harmful substances; types of filter respirator; eye and face protection; ear protectors; air turnover rates; logbooks and other documentation.
Izdatel'stvo "Nedra", pl. Belorusskogo vokzala 3, 125047 Moskva, USSR, 1989. 91p. Price: SUR 0.35.

CIS 91-1352
Health and Safety Executive
Automatically controlled steam and hot water boilers
This guidance note is a revision of PM 5 issued in 1977 (see 78-341) and is primarily concerned with the dangers associated with water circuits of boilers fitted with automatic controls. Topics covered: the need for supervision by trained personnel; training of attendants; standards for automatic controls; electrical safety and interruption of the electricity supply; isolation of control chambers; pipe connections and drains; water level gauges; water supply and treatment; safety valves; siting of alarms; regular maintenance and testing and associated record keeping.
Health and Safety Executive Sales Point, St Hugh's House, Stanley Precinct, Bootle, Merseyside L20 3QY, United Kingdom, Dec. 1989. 12p. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 91-877 Mattil V.
Monitoring leakage of highly aggressive liquids from piping
Rohrleitungs-Leckageüberwachung hochaggressiver Medien [in German]
Design features are described for rod and plate electrodes used for leakage detection at selected strategic points; strip and cable electrodes for leakage detection along the entire length of pipes; a mat of 92 electrodes for area monitoring of leakage. Electrodes suitable for monitoring conducting liquids such as water, acids or bases as well as non-conducting liquids such as fuel oils, solvents, halogenated hydrocarbons are included.
Chemie-Anlagen und Verfahren, Dec. 1989, Vol.22, No.12, p.83-86. Illus.

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