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Diseases of the musculoskeletal system - 1,719 entries found

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Diseases of the musculoskeletal system

2007

CIS 08-1077 Kahn H., Moks M., Pille V., Vain A.
Work-related diseases caused by physical overload in Estonia
Durch körperliche Überanstrengung hervorgerufene Berufskrankheiten in Estland [in German]
Maladies professionnelles dues à une surcharge physique en Estonie [in French]
Enfermedades de origen laboral causadas por sobrecarga física en Estonia [in Spanish]
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common of all reported work-related health problems in the European Union. This article summarizes occupational disease statistics in Estonia, in particular work-related MSDs, and describes a MSD diagnosis method based on myometry.
Magazine - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work / Agence européenne pour la sécurité et la santé au travail, 2007, No.10, p.31-34. Illus. 13 ref.
http://osha.europa.eu/es/publications/magazine/10 [in Spanish]
http://osha.europa.eu/de/publications/magazine/10 [in German]
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/magazine/10 [in English]
http://osha.europa.eu/fr/publications/magazine/10 [in French]

CIS 08-1065 Kovács L., Kákosy J.T., Vasas I.
Upper limb disorders caused by excessive physical strain among seat upholsterers
Erkrankungen der oberen Gliedmaßen durch Überbeanspruchung bei Fahrzeugpolsterern [in German]
Affections des membres supérieurs dues aux efforts physiques chez les selliers [in French]
Trastornos de las extremidades superiores en tapiceros causados por una tensión física excesiva [in Spanish]
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common of all reported work-related health problems in the European Union. This article describes an ergonomic intervention at an automobile upholstery manufacturer in Hungary, following frequent cases of upper-limb MSDs, found to be due to excessive physical strain of the wrist. Prevention measures involving a change in technology and in work organization as well as the use of tools to reduce the physical strain have resulted in no new incidences of disorders due to excessive efforts of the upper limbs.
Magazine - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work / Agence européenne pour la sécurité et la santé au travail, 2007, No.10, p.28-30. Illus. 10 ref.
http://osha.europa.eu/de/publications/magazine/10 [in German]
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/magazine/10 [in English]
http://osha.europa.eu/fr/publications/magazine/10 [in French]
http://osha.europa.eu/es/publications/magazine/10 [in Spanish]

CIS 08-1076 Eransus Izquierdo J., Díez de Ulzurrun Sagala M., Garasa Jiménez A.
Preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): A priority in Navarre
Vorbeugung von Muskel- und Skelett-Erkrankungen - Priorität in Navarra [in German]
Prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS): une priorité en Navarre [in French]
Prevención de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos. Una prioridad en la acción preventiva en la comunidad autónoma de Navarra [in Spanish]
Manual load handling, working in prolonged and/or awkward postures and repetitive movements are common risk factors in companies in the Navarre region of Spain. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are therefore a priority occupational health concern. This article presents the main findings of a survey on working conditions and MSDs in the Spanish region of Navarra, together with the key elements of the plan for the prevention of MSDs in the region.
Magazine - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work / Agence européenne pour la sécurité et la santé au travail, 2007, No.10, p.15-19. Illus.
http://osha.europa.eu/es/publications/magazine/10 [in Spanish]
http://osha.europa.eu/de/publications/magazine/10 [in German]
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/magazine/10 [in English]
http://osha.europa.eu/fr/publications/magazine/10 [in French]

CIS 08-1075 Malchaire J.
Participative strategy for the management of musculoskeletal disorders in industry
Eine partizipative Managementstrategie zur Prävention von Muskel- und Skelett-Erkrankungen in der Industrie [in German]
Stratégie participative pour la gestion des troubles musculo-squelettiques dans l'industrie [in French]
Estrategia participativa para la gestión de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en la industria [in Spanish]
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common of all reported work-related health problems in the European Union. This article presents a cost-effective strategy in four stages of increasing complexity - the so-called SOBANE strategy - for the prevention of MSDs. This participative strategy for risk prevention involves the following four steps: screening, observation, analysis and expertise. .
Magazine - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work / Agence européenne pour la sécurité et la santé au travail, 2007, No.10, p.11-14. Illus. 7 ref.
http://osha.europa.eu/es/publications/magazine/10 [in Spanish]
http://osha.europa.eu/de/publications/magazine/10 [in German]
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/magazine/10 [in English]
http://osha.europa.eu/fr/publications/magazine/10 [in French]

CIS 08-1074 Riso S.
The impact of work changes on the resurgence of musculoskeletal problems
Die Auswirkungen des Wandels in der Arbeitswelt auf das wiederholte Auftreten von Muskel- und Skelett-Erkrankungen [in German]
Impact de l'évolution du travail sur la résurgence des troubles musculo-squelettiques [in French]
El efecto de los cambios en el trabajo en el resurgimiento de los problemas musculoesqueléticos [in Spanish]
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common of all reported work-related health problems in the European Union. Manual load handling, working in prolonged and/or awkward postures and repetitive movements are risk factors for MSDs, as are non-biomechanical factors such as stress. This article presents the main findings of the Fourth European Working Conditions Survey of 2005 concerning MSDs which showed that exposure to repetitive movements have increased from 57% to 62% between 2000 and 2005.
Magazine - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work / Agence européenne pour la sécurité et la santé au travail, 2007, No.10, p.3-7. Illus. 13 ref.
http://osha.europa.eu/de/publications/magazine/10 [in German]
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/magazine/10 [in English]
http://osha.europa.eu/es/publications/magazine/10 [in Spanish]
http://osha.europa.eu/fr/publications/magazine/10 [in French]

CIS 08-829 Takala E.P., Solonin Y., Pancheva G., Boyko E., Lehtinen S., Sivochalova O.V., Potapenko A.A.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Profilaktika myšečno-skeletnyh povreždenij [in Russian]
Collection of articles on musculoskeletal disorders of relevance to Russia and Nordic Countries. Contents: actions at the workplace to prevent musculoskeletal disorders; working conditions and occupational diseases in the Komi Republic of Russia; European campaign on musculoskeletal disorders. Other topics: WHO publications and guidelines; health inequalities in the Baltic region; cooperation among Northern European countries in public health and social well-being; review of a conference on the promotion of healthy lifestyles, work ability and social inclusion held on 11-12 December 2007 in Saint Petersburg, Russia; health protection of mother and child from the viewpoint of occupational medicine.
Barents - Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 2007, Vol.10, No.3, whole issue (p.78-103). Illus. Bibl.ref.
http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/9EB3CFF0-936B-4A2E-A144-3C49FB20B76C/0/Barents32007netti.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-973 Dawson A.P., McLennan S.N., Schiller S.D., Jull G.A., Hodges P.W., Stewart S.
Interventions to prevent back pain and back injury in nurses: A systematic review
A systematic literature review was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of interventions that aim to prevent back pain and back injury in nurses. Overall, there was no strong evidence regarding the efficacy of such interventions. There was moderate evidence from several studies that manual handling training in itself is not effective, while multidimensional interventions are effective. There was also moderate evidence that stress management programs do not prevent back pain and limited evidence that lumbar supports are effective in preventing back injury in nurses. Evidence regarding the efficacy of exercise interventions and the provision of manual handling equipment and training was conflicting. Implications of these findings for future research needs are discussed.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 2007, Vol.64, No.10, p.642-650. 54 ref.

CIS 08-845 Musculoskeletal disorders - An ill-understood "pandemic"
Les troubles musculosquelettiques - Une "pandémie" mal comprise [in French]
The three letters "MSD" mask the leading cause of occupational illness in Europe: musculoskeletal disorders. According to a wide European survey on working conditions, 25% of European workers suffer from back pain and 23% from muscular pain. These particularly incapacitating pathologies seriously undermine the physical and psychological health of victims, to say nothing of their economic consequences at both individual and community level. Workers suffering from MSD very often have to change profession or even quit working prematurely. This booklet presents a summary of the current scientific knowledge of this complex group of pathologies, examines the connection between MSD and changes in the organization of work and proposes ideas for trade union mobilization against this exploding health problem.
European Trade Union Institute for Research, Health and Safety, Boulevard du Roi Albert II, 5 box 4, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2007. 54p. Illus. 50 ref. Price: EUR 10.00.

CIS 08-858 Jóźwiak Z.
Preventive and medical rehabilitation programme for nurses
Program profilaktyczno-rehabilitacyjny dla pielęgniarek [in Polish]
This article discusses the most important occupational health hazards faced by nurses involved in lifting, supporting and moving patients. It explains the influence of these physical actions on the pathological state of various components of the musculoskeletal system. A preventive and medical rehabilitation programme developed by the Professor Jerzy Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Łódź is described, which allows reducing the negative impact of physical workload on nurses' health. The experience of several Polish hospitals in implementing the programme is presented.
Praca i Zdrowie, 2007, No.6, p.45-49. Illus.

CIS 08-721 Petereit-Haack G., Bolm-Audorff U., Ditchen D., Ellegast R., Elsner G., Grifka J., Haerting J., Hofmann F., Jäger M., Linhardt O., Luttmann A., Michaelis M., Schumann B., Seidler A.
Relationship between occupational psychosocial strain and disc-related diseases of the lumbar spine - Results of the German spine study
Zusammenhang zwischen beruflichen psychosozialen Belastungen und bandscheibenbedingten Erkrankungen der Lendenwirbelsäule - Ergebnisse der Deutschen Wirbelsäulenstudie [in German]
The aim of this case-control study carried out within the framework of a multi-centric study on occupational spinal column disorders in Germany was to examine the relationship between psychosocial strain at work and lumbar prolapse and chondrosis. Data on psychosocial strain were collected during computer-assisted structured interviews, while that concerning their spinal loads were obtained through biomechanical simulations using ten dose models. Findings show a relationship between psychosocial strain at work and the development of a lumbar prolapse or a chondrosis, both in men and women. Among women, the relationship with lumbar chondrosis was statistically significant. See also CIS 08-718/720.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Oct. 2007, Vol.57, No.10, p.328-336. 25 ref.

CIS 08-720 Bergmann A., Seidler A., Schumann B., Fischer S., Bolm-Audorff U., Ditchen D., Ellegast R., Elsner G., Grifka J., Hinz B., Hofmann F., Jäger M., Linhardt O., Luttmann A., Michaelis M., Petereit-Haack G., Haerting J.
Relationship between occupational exposure to whole-body vibration and disc-related diseases of the lumbar spine - Evaluations within the German spine study
Zusammenhang zwischen beruflicher Exposition durch Ganzkörpervibration und bandscheibenbedingten Erkrankungen der Lendenwirbelsäule - Auswertungen innerhalb der Deutschen Wirbelsäulenstudie [in German]
The aim of this case-control study carried out within the framework of a multi-centric study on occupational spinal column disorders in Germany was to examine the relationship between exposure to whole-body vibration and disc-related lumbar disorders. 65 of the 564 cases with intervertebral disc hernia, 39 of the 351 cases with advanced lumbar chondrosis and 73 of the 901 selected controls were occupationally exposed to vibrations. Since the number of women was too low to allow a statistically-significant evaluation, the study was restricted to men. No relationship was found between lifelong cumulative exposure to whole-body vibrations and lumbar prolapse. However, an increasing statistically non-significant monotonous relationship was observed between the total dose of whole-body vibrations and chondrosis. See also CIS 08-718/719 and 08-721.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Oct. 2007, Vol.57, No.10, p.317-327. 28 ref.

CIS 08-719 Bolm-Audorff U., Bergmann A., Ditchen D., Ellegast R., Elsner G., Grifka J., Haerting J., Hofmann F., Jäger M., Linhardt O., Luttmann A., Michaelis M., Petereit-Haack G., Seidler A.
Relationship between manual materials handling and lumbar chondrosis - Results of the German spine study
Zusammenhang zwischen manueller Lastenhandhabung und lumbaler Chondrose - Ergebnisse der Deutschen Wirbelsäulenstudie [in German]
The aim of this case-control study carried out within the framework of a multi-centric study on occupational spinal column disorders in Germany was to examine the dose-response relationship between spinal loads due to manual handling and flexed torso, and lumbar chondrosis. It involved 351 cases of lumbar chondrosis with intervertebral disc narrowing, together with 901 controls. Loads were estimated with the help of 10 dose models. Findings show a statistically-significant relationship between cumulative spinal load due to manual handling or work posture involving flexion of the torso, and lumbar chondrosis, for both men and women. In the highest dose category, there was a significant increase in odds ratios of lumbar chondrosis (3.6 for men and 1.9 for women). See also CIS 08-718 and 08-720/721.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Oct. 2007, Vol.57, No.10, p.304-316. 24 ref.

CIS 08-718 Seidler A., Bergmann A., Ditchen D., Ellegast R., Elsner G., Grifka J., Haerting J., Hofmann F., Jäger M., Linhardt O., Luttmann A., Michaelis M., Petereit-Haack G., Bolm-Audorff U.
Relationship between cumulative spinal load due to materials handling and intervertebral disc hernia - Results of the German spine study
Zusammenhang zwischen der kumulativen Wirbelsäulenbelastung durch Lastenhandhabungen und lumbalen Prolapserkrankungen - Ergebnisse der Deutschen Wirbelsäulenstudie [in German]
The aim of this case-control study carried out within the framework of a multi-centric study on occupational spinal column disorders in Germany was to examine the dose-response relationship between spinal load and the diagnosis of lumbar prolapse. It involved 286 men and 278 women with intervertebral disc hernia, together with a control group of 453 men and 448 women. Data on their occupational history were collected during computer-assisted structured interviews, while that concerning their spinal loads were obtained through observations of manual handling tasks rated by experts. The cumulative spinal load was estimated with the help of 10 dose models. After correcting for various factors such as age and psychosocial stress or stress due to job loss, regression analysis revealed a statistically-significant relationship between cumulative spinal load due to manual handling or work posture involving flexion of the torso, and lumbar prolapse, for both men and women. Among women, the dose-response relationship was monotonous, while among men, an increased risk was observed with an increase in cumulative spinal load, however with a decreased risk in the normal exposure category, which could be due to a healthy worker effect. See also CIS 08-719/721.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Oct. 2007, Vol.57, No.10, p.290-303. 19 ref.

CIS 08-478 Villar M.F., de Arquer I., Gómez-Cano M., González Través C.
Evaluation of MSD risks by external occupational safety and health services
La evaluación de los riesgos de TME por los servicios de prevención ajenos [in Spanish]
This article presents the findings of a survey carried out in Spain among external occupational safety and health (OSH) service providers on the evaluation of ergonomic and psychosocial risk factors of musculoskeletal disease (MSD). Data were collected by means of questionnaires addressed to all accredited OSH service providers in Spain. A total of 74 questionnaires were returned (response rate 12.2%). The scope of the survey included the structure and organization of the OSH service, the type and size of enterprise served, how MSD risks are evaluated (by means of check lists, job studies, questionnaires), and the sectors of activity, types of jobs and other specific aspects. Results are presented in tables.
Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Oct. 2007, No.44, p.24-29. Illus.

CIS 08-323 Villar Fernández M.F.
Physical load and musculoskeletal disease: Findings of the 6th national survey of working conditions 2007
Carga física y trastornos musculoesqueléticos: resultados de la VI Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo 2007 [in Spanish]
This article presents the findings of a survey on physical workload and musculoskeletal disorders in Spain, which are part of the results of the 6th national survey of working conditions. The time spent by workers in various postures, including standing without walking, standing and walking, standing with flexed knees, sitting upright, sitting with a bent back, and other postures was examined. High proportions of workers reported having to adopt painful postures, handle loads, apply important forces, maintain their postures or carry out repetitive work. The frequencies of musculoskeletal disorders are reported by location of injury, industrial sector, age and sex.
Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Oct. 2007, No.44, p.12-23. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 08-331 Aptel M., Aublet-Cuvelier A., Waldura D.
Risk of musculoskeletal disorders among bus drivers: A true problem
Le risque de troubles musculosquelettiques chez les chauffeurs de bus: une réalité [in French]
This literature survey evaluated the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among urban transport bus drivers. It concludes that lumbar column MSDs are caused by a combination of biomechanical risk factors that are both chronic (rotation of the torso, vibrations, etc.) and acute (false moves, carrying of loads), as well as psychosocial factors and the design of their driving cabs. This observation is obvious for low back pain but it is less clear for cervical column pain. Furthermore, the mapping of the risk factors reveals a pattern that is consistent with the hypotheses used to explain MSDs. Given the importance of the situational context for determining the role of each risk factor, it is justified to set up epidemiological surveillance networks in this sector of activity.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 2007, No.111, p.335-347. Illus. 20 ref.
http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TF%20161/$File/TF161.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-477 Trask C., Teschke K., Village J., Chow Y., Johnson P., Luong N., Koehoorn M.
Measuring low back injury risk factors in challenging work environments: An evaluation of cost and feasibility
This study compared the practical application of five measurement methods of low back injury (observations, interviews, electromyography (EMG), inclinometry, and vibration monitoring) for 223 worker days in 50 heavy-industry worksites in western Canada. Data collection successes, challenges, costs, and data detail were documented for each method. Measurement success rates varied from 42.2% (seat- pan accelerometer) to 99.6% (post-shift interview) of worker days assessed. Missed days for direct monitoring equipment were primarily due to explosive environments, workplace conditions likely to damage the equipment and malfunctions. Costs per successful measurement day were lowest for interviews (approx. USD 23), about 10- fold higher for observations and inclinometry, and more than 20-fold higher for EMG and vibration monitoring.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2007, Vol.50, p.687-696. 20 ref.

CIS 08-483 Napo
Napo is an original idea in response to the need for high-quality information products to break down national boundaries and address the diverse cultures, languages and practical needs of people at work. The role of Napo and his friends is to provide an introduction to occupational safety and health through their engaging characters, amusing story lines, humour and light-hearted approach. The videos are: Modern stressful times (on stress on the assembly line); Divide and rule (on managing the lifting of loads); Radical ergonomics; Twist and shout (on body twisting postures at work); No grip (on gripping postures at work); Working height (on the influence of working height on ergonomics); Bad vibrations; The duel (on the need for mechanized solutions to problems of material handling; Think to move (on the need for physical exercise in order to maintain musculoskeletal health); Hold me tight (on correct carrying posture).
NAPO Consortium, info@napofilm.net, 2007. 10 videos in WMF and MPG formats.

CIS 08-327 Barruyer C.
Meniscus: Protecting knees against tears
Ménisques: préserver ses genoux d'une éventuelle déchirure [in French]
Meniscus injuries are frequent in the construction industry, particularly among tile setters and carpet layers. Until recently, the preferred method of treating torn cartilages was through removal by surgery. However, it is now known that this operation increases the risk of an early onset of arthritis. Currently, the emphasis is on preserving the cartilage while treating inflammation and pain. This article discusses the main precautions for preventing meniscus injuries, be they before or after an operation (work postures, layout of work equipment).
Prévention BTP, Apr. 2007, No.95, p.51-52. Illus.

CIS 08-470 Coune I.
All-out effort against MSDs
Mobilisation contre les TMS [in French]
Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are increasing at the rate of 20% per year. They represent the main cause of sickness absenteeism and an important source of costs, both in terms of compensation and lost productivity. The automotive component sector is particularly exposed because of its just-in-time mode of operation. This article presents some of the practical preventive measures against MSDs adopted by automotive component suppliers, which include: consciousness-raising film; development of a job observation method consisting of analysing repetitive movements and work postures; Hoshin workshops (plan, do, check, correct); reorganization of workplaces; warming-up exercises; computer-generated animation for the visualization of ergonomic problems. In box: reference to French legislation.
Face au risque, Apr. 2007, No.432, p.22-24. Illus.

CIS 08-347 Truchon M., Fillion L., Truchon G., Dionne C., Arsenault B., Viau C.
Low-back-pain-related determinants of disability
Les déterminants de l'incapacité liés à la lombalgie [in French]
Chronic disability affects only a small proportion of low back pain workers. However, the consequences of such disability are detrimental to society in general as well as to workers and their families (prolonged disability, loss of productivity, incapacitating pain, loss of quality of life, conjugal and family difficulties, high compensation costs, substantial medical costs, etc.). Prevention of chronic disability remains a major concern. However, preventing the complex phenomenon of chronic disability requires a good understanding of all of the factors that come into play in the evolution towards this state. The objective of this study was to integrate scientifically-recognized medical and psychosocial factors into a coherent conceptual framework. Using a longitudinal prospective study, the model thus created was validated on a sample of workers with low back pain disability. Finally, other factors potentially involved in chronic disability, such as aspects relating to the workplace or the compensation system, were documented. The knowledge resulting from this study allows supporting clinicians in their efforts to improve interventions on low back pain workers and will be used in further IRSST work on rehabilitation.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2007. iv, 100p. Illus. 111 ref. Price: CAD 12.72. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-487.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-15 Keeping fit at the office
En forme au bureau [in French]
Fit op kantoor [in Dutch]
Remaining seated all day facing a screen is not a restful activity. Being sedentary is detrimental to physical fitness and furthermore, a prolonged sitting posture favours the onset of muscular and articular pain, circulatory problems, headache and backache. This leaflet presents a few simple exercises that are within the reach of all. It also summarizes a few basic rules for working at screens: proper screen distance, proper seated posture, how to avoid glare, adjusting seats and frequent changes in posture.
Prevent, rue Gachard 88/4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, [ca. 2007]. 4p. Illus.

CIS 08-138 Roth C.
New technologies and the ergonomic risks to users
This article discusses the ergonomic risks from frequent use of hand-held devices such as PDAs and mobile phones with small keyboards requiring the use of "thumbing". Repetitive use of thumbs can cause arthritis or harm tendons. Other problems include visual risks from looking at small screens under poor lighting conditions. It is argued that suitable training provided by employers can contribute towards reducing these risks.
Occupational Hazards, Aug. 2007, Vol.69, No.8, p.30-35. Illus.

CIS 08-99 Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Back to work
Svărzani s truda muskulno-skeletni smuštenija: otnovo na rabota [in Bulgarian]
Arbetsrelaterade belastningsbesvär: Tillbaka till arbetet [in Swedish]
Arbejdsbetinget muskel- og skeletbesvær: tilbage til arbejdet [in Danish]
Arbeitsbedingte Muskel- und Skeletterkrankungen: Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz [in German]
Muoskeletikés pathḗseis pou shetízontai me tēn ergasía : Epistrofḗ stēn ergasía [in Greek]
Trastornos musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral: de vuelta al trabajo [in Spanish]
Tööga seotud luu- ja lihaskonna vaevused: Tagasi tööle [in Estonian]
Työperäiset tuki- ja liikuntaelinsairaudet: Takaisin työhön [in Finnish]
Troubles musculosquelettiques d'origine professionnelle: la reprise du travail [in French]
Munkával kapcsolatos váz- és izomrendszeri megbetegedések: Vissza a munkába [in Hungarian]
Patologie muscoloscheletriche occupazionali: rientro al lavoro [in Italian]
Su darbu susiję kaulų ir raumenų sistemos pažeidimai. Sugrąžinimas į darbą [in Lithuanian]
Ar darbu saistātas balsta un kustību aparāta slimības: atgriešanās darbā [in Latvian]
Problemi muskuloskeletali relatati max-xogħol: lura lejn ix-xogħol [in Maltese]
Beroepsgebonden spier- en skeletaandoeningen: Terug naar de werkplek [in Dutch]
Choroby mięśniowo-szkieletowe związane z pracą - powrót do pracy [in Polish]
Lesões músculo-esqueléticas de origem profissional: Regresso ao trabalho [in Portuguese]
Afecţiunile musculo-scheletice de origine profesională: Întoarcerea la locul muncă [in Romanian]
Ochorenia a poškodenia podporno-pohybovej sústavy súvisiace s prácou. Spät' do práce [in Slovak]
Z delom povezana kostno-mišična obolenja: vrnitev na delo [in Slovenian]
Muskuloskeletální onemocnění související s prací: zpět do práce [in Czech]
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common work-related health problem in Europe. Tackling MSDs means taking action in the workplace. First, there are preventative steps that have to be taken. But for workers who already have MSDs, the challenge is to maintain their employability, keep them working and, if necessary, reintegrate them into the workplace. This fact sheet highlights the key findings of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work's "Back to Work" report (see CIS 08-95), which focuses on the retention, reintegration and rehabilitation of workers with MSDs. The report comes in two parts: a literature review on the effectiveness of work-related interventions, and an overview of policy initiatives in Europe and at the international level.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2007. 2p. Illus. 3 ref.
http://osha.europa.eu/da/publications/factsheets/75 [in Danish]
http://osha.europa.eu/cs/publications/factsheets/75 [in Czech]
http://osha.europa.eu/el/publications/factsheets/75 [in Greek]
http://osha.europa.eu/publications/factsheets/75 [in English]
http://osha.europa.eu/es/publications/factsheets/75 [in Spanish]
http://osha.europa.eu/et/publications/factsheets/75 [in Estonian]
http://osha.europa.eu/fi/publications/factsheets/75 [in Finnish]
http://osha.europa.eu/fr/publications/factsheets/75 [in French]
http://osha.europa.eu/hu/publications/factsheets/75 [in Hungarian]
http://osha.europa.eu/it/publications/factsheets/75 [in Italian]
http://osha.europa.eu/lt/publications/factsheets/75 [in Lithuanian]
http://osha.europa.eu/lv/publications/factsheets/75 [in Latvian]
http://osha.europa.eu/mt/publications/factsheets/75 [in Maltese]
http://osha.europa.eu/nl/publications/factsheets/75 [in Dutch]
http://osha.europa.eu/pl/publications/factsheets/75 [in Polish]
http://osha.europa.eu/pt/publications/factsheets/75 [in Portuguese]
http://osha.europa.eu/ro/publications/factsheets/75 [in Romanian]
http://osha.europa.eu/sk/publications/factsheets/75 [in Slovak]
http://osha.europa.eu/sl/publications/factsheets/75 [in Slovenian]
http://osha.europa.eu/sv/publications/factsheets/75 [in Swedish]
http://osha.europa.eu/bg/publications/factsheets/75 [in Bulgarian]
http://osha.europa.eu/de/publications/factsheets/75 [in German]

CIS 08-95 Podniece Z., Pinder A., Yeomans L., van den Heuvel S., Blatter B., Verjans M., Muylaert K., De Broeck V., Eeckelaeart L., Nevala N., Kaukiainen N., Lischka J., Kudasz F., Kosina M.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Back to work report
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common work-related health problem in Europe. Tackling MSDs means taking action in the workplace. First, there are preventative steps that have to be taken. But for workers who already have MSDs, the challenge is to maintain their employability, keep them working and, if necessary, reintegrate them into the workplace. This report of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work's focuses on the retention, reintegration and rehabilitation of workers with MSDs. It comes in two parts: a literature review on the effectiveness of work-related interventions and an overview of policy initiatives in Europe and at the international level.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2007. 100p. Illus. 50 ref. Price: EUR 25.00. Downloadable version free of charge.
http://osha.europa.eu/publications/reports/7807300/back_to_work_en.pdf/at_download/file [in English]

CIS 08-63 Waters T.R., Dick R.B., Davis-Barkley J., Krieg E.F.
A cross-sectional study of risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in the workplace using data from the General Social Survey (GSS)
Assessments of potential risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) from large, national study populations using interviews help our understanding of exposure-response relationships. This study analyzed two outcome measures, self-reported back pain and upper extremity pain from the quality of work life (QWL) module of the General Social Survey (GSS). Several individual, psychosocial, and physical factors were investigated for their relationship to these outcome measures. The study population consisted of a random sample of 1484 adult workers in the United States. It was found that variables of physical exposure significantly increased the risk of both low back pain and upper extremity pain. Multiple injuries and some psychosocial factors were associated with MSDs, and there was an additive effect on risk of MSDs with exposure to both physical exposure and work stress.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 2007, Vol.49, No.2, p.172-184. 21 ref.

CIS 07-1324 Bos E., Krol B., van der Star L., Groothoff J.
Risk factors and musculoskeletal complaints in non-specialized nurses, IC nurses, operation room nurses, and X-ray technologists
This cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence rates of musculoskeletal complaints of neck-shoulder and low back musculoskeletal complaints among hospital nurses, and to analyse the relationship between these complaints and various work-related risk factors. The study population consisted of 3169 nurses affiliated to eight university hospitals in the Netherlands. Subjects included non-specialized nurses, operation theatre nurses, intensive care nurses and X-ray technologists. Data were obtained by means of self-administered questionnaires and subjected to logistic regression analyses for all relevant risk factors. The overall prevalences of musculoskeletal complaints were 76% for low back pain and 60% for neck and shoulder pain. Operation theatre nurses reported more neck and shoulder complaints than non-specialized nurses, while intensive care nurses reported less severe low back complaints than non-specialized nurses. Other findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan. 2007, Vol.80, No.3, p.198-206. 22 ref.

CIS 07-1489 Village J., Trask C.
Ergonomic analysis of postural and muscular loads to diagnostic sonographers
Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among sonographers. The aim of this study was to quantify the postural and muscular loads during ultrasound scanning. Video-based postural analysis of 11 sonographers showed that sonographers spend 68% of scanning time with a shoulder abduction of more than 30°, 63% with shoulder outward rotation of more than 30° and 37% with the neck bent forward, laterally or twisted by more than 20°. The shoulder was observed to be unsupported, or static, for 73% of the time. Electromyography was carried out during scans performed by three sonographers on three shoulder muscles. It is observed that diagnostic sonographers experience long durations in static shoulder abduction and outward rotation, with high peak and sustained grip forces. These risk factors are consistent with the high prevalence of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms reported by many sonographers.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2007, Vol.37, p.781-789. Illus. 32 ref.

CIS 07-1486 Jones T., Kumar S.
Comparison of ergonomic risk assessments in a repetitive high-risk sawmill occupation: Saw-filer
The aims of this study were to compare the results of various ergonomic risk assessment methods, and to examine the association between the measure of risk obtained by applying these methods and incidence rates recorded in practice. Quantified physical exposure information collected from 15 saw-filers in four sawmill facilities was used to calculate the RULA, REBA, ACGIH TLV, Strain Index and OCRA procedures for various postures and efforts. Recorded incidence of upper extremity musculoskeletal injury in the saw-filer position ranged from 0.12 to 0.86 per person year worked. The assessment methodologies examined broadly agreed that a level of risk was associated with performance of the saw-filer job. The sensitivity of each of the risk assessment methods is discussed.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2007, Vol.37, p.744-753. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 07-1314 Sprince N., Park H., Zwerling C., Whitten P., Lynch C., Burmeister L., Thu K., Gillette P., Alavanja M.
Risk factors for low back injury among farmers in Iowa: A case-control study nested in the Agricultural Health Study
The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for low back injury among Iowa farmers. Participants in the Iowa Agricultural Health Study were screened to identify 49 male farmers who reported farm work-related low back injury requiring medical advice or treatment in the previous year. They were compared with 465 uninjured male farmer controls. Multivariable modelling identified four risk factors significantly associated with low back injury: age of less than 45 years (odds ratio, OR 3.32), doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR 4.26), education beyond high school (OR 2.12) and difficulty hearing normal conversation, even with a hearing aid (OR 1.98). Future research to assess asthma and difficulty in hearing may be particularly important, since farmers are at increased risk of hearing loss and also come into contact with many inhaled agents that can cause asthma.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Jan. 2007, Vol.4, No.1, p.10-16. 41 ref.

CIS 07-1483 Okunribido O.O., Shimbles S.J., Magnusson M., Pope M.
City bus driving and low back pain: A study of the exposures to posture demands, manual materials handling and whole-body vibration
This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate bus drivers' exposure to posture demands, manual materials handling (MMH) and whole-body vibration as risks for low back pain (LBP). Information about driving experience, sitting posture, MMH, and health history was obtained from 80 bus drivers of a city public transport authority by means of questionnaires. Twelve drivers were observed while driving and vibration measurements were obtained at the seat and according to the recommendations of ISO 2631 (1997) for three models of bus (a mini-bus, a single-decker bus, a double-decker bus). The results showed that city bus drivers spend about 60% of the daily work time actually driving, often with the torso straight or unsupported, perform occasional and light MMH, and experience discomforting vibration shocks. Transient and mild LBP (however not likely to interfere with work or customary levels of activity) was found to be prevalent.
Applied Ergonomics, Jan. 2007, Vol.38, No.1, p.29-38. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 07-1322 Alcouffe J., Bouchet H., Chaney C., Le Pache J., Manillier P., Montéléon P.Y.
Effects of external violence on musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in stores selling mainly food in Ile-de France
Effets des violences externes sur les troubles musculosquelettiques chez les hôtes et hôtesses de caisse dans la distribution à prédominance alimentaire en Ile-de-France [in French]
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of external violence on the occurrence of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) among supermarket cashiers, and to identify the factors that could possibly reduce this impact. It was carried out in 2006 in the form of a cross-sectional survey of supermarket cashiers in the Ile-de-France region of France by means of a questionnaire. 818 responses were received from 111 shops employing 2425 cashiers. The majority (86.4%) of the respondents were women. Nearly all respondants (95.5%) reported suffering from MSDs. Regression analysis showed that stress is a key risk factor of MSDs. External violence was also found to be an important risk factor of stress. Correlations between various locations of MSDs and the frequency of unpleasant or violent incidents with customers were observed.
Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 2nd Quarter 2007, Vol.47, No.2, p.129-138. 5 ref.

CIS 07-1487 Shikdar A.A., Al-Kindi M.A.
Office ergonomics: Deficiencies in computer workstation design
The objective of this study was to identify the ergonomic deficiencies in computer workstation design in typical offices. Physical measurements and a questionnaire were used to study 40 workstations. Major ergonomic deficiencies were found in physical design and layout of the workstations, employee postures, work practices, and training, with significant consequences in terms of workers' health. Forty-five percent of the employees used nonadjustable chairs, 48% of computers faced windows, 90% of the employees used computers more than four hours per day, 45% adopted bent and unsupported back postures and 20% used office tables for computers. Major problems reported were eyestrain (58%), shoulder pain (45%), back pain (43%), arm pain (35%), wrist pain (30%) and neck pain (30%). Strategies to reduce or eliminate ergonomic deficiencies in computer workstation design are suggested.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2007, Vol.13, No.2, p.215-223. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 07-1330 Bourbonnais D., Piotte F., Forget N., Bestaven E., Harris P., Fournier K., Arsenault J., Bravo G.
Thumb strength and mobility in workers with de Quervain's disease: Evaluation and impact on hand performance
Force et mobilité du pouce chez le travailleur avec une maladie de de Quervain - Evaluation et impact sur la performance de la main [in French]
De Quervain's tenosynovitis (DQT) is a form of wrist tendonitis that involves inflammation of the tendon sheath of certain thumb muscles. Its symptoms, namely significant pain as well as a reduction in thumb and wrist strength and flexibility, interfere with common activities. This condition, often associated with repetitive work and with a high risk of chronicity, is becoming increasingly common, particularly among workers in the meat packing and manufacturing industries. This case-control study involved evaluating the reliability of two new instruments for measuring the losses of thumb strength and wrist and hand flexibility. Participants included 30 subjects suffering from DQT and 18 healthy controls. It was concluded that these measurements constitute a quick and efficient means of diagnosing DQT.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal H3A 3C2, Quebec, Canada, 2007. ix, 55p. Illus. 54 ref. Price: CAD 8.48. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-493.pdf [in French]

CIS 07-1333 Durand M.J., Berthelette D., Loisel P., Beaudet J., Imbeau D.
Construction workers suffering from lumbar back pain - Evaluation of the implementation of an early collaboration rehabilitation programme
Travailleurs de la construction ayant une dorso-lombalgie - Evaluation de l'implantation d'un programme de collaboration précoce en réadaptation [in French]
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a participatory programme aimed at the rehabilitation of workers suffering from low back pain in the construction industry in Quebec. It involved 29 workers suffering from low back pain. Data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews and medical examinations. Rehabilitation interventions aimed at workers suffering from low back pain were found to constitute a complex problem. For such interventions to be effective, it is necessary to act simultaneously at several levels. Various research projects are proposed for improving the efficiency of rehabilitation interventions in occupational settings.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal H3A 3C2, Quebec, Canada, 2007.vi, 92p. Illus. 129 ref. Price: CAD 10.60. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-489.pdf [in French]

CIS 07-491
Occupational Health and Safety Council of Ontario
Resource manual for the MSD Prevention Guideline for Ontario
Manuel de ressources des lignes directrices de prévention des TMS pour l'Ontario [in French]
The primary purpose of this resource manual is to provide Ontario's employers and workers with more detailed information and advice on how to implement the generic framework for preventing musculoskeletal disorders that is described in the MSD Prevention Guideline for Ontario (see CIS 07-490). Further guidance is given on each of the issues addressed in the Guideline: MSD prevention as part of an occupational health and safety programme; creating a foundation for a successful MSD prevention programme; understanding and recognition of MSD hazards; conducting an MSD risk assessment; choice and implementation of control measures; follow-up and evaluation of controls; communication of results.
Industrial Accident Prevention Association (IAPA), Centre for Health & Safety Innovation, 5110 Creekbank Road, Suite 300, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 0A1, Canada, 2007. 71p. Illus. 33 ref. PDF document.
http://www.iapa.ca/documents/MSD_Manuel_resources_fr.pdf [in French]
http://www.iapa.ca/documents/msd_2006_guideline_ontario_resource_manual.pdf [in English]

CIS 07-490
Occupational Health and safety Council of Ontario
MSD prevention guideline for Ontario
Lignes directrices de prévention des TMS pour l'Ontario [in French]
The primary purpose of this guide is to provide Ontario's employers and workers with information and advice on a recommended generic framework for preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the workplace. Contents: definition of MSD; MSD prevention as part of an occupational health and safety programme; creating a foundation for a successful MSD prevention programme; understanding MSD hazards (forces on the body, awkward posture, repetition); recognizing MSD hazards and related concerns; conducting an MSD risk assessment; choice and implementation of control measures; follow-up and evaluation of controls; communication of results. See CIS 07-491 for the resource manual accompanying this guide.
Industrial Accident Prevention Association (IAPA), Centre for Health & Safety Innovation, 5110 Creekbank Road, Suite 300, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 0A1, Canada, 2007. 29p. Illus. 9 ref. PDF document.
http://www.iapa.ca/documents/MSD_Lignes_directrices.pdf [in French]
http://www.iapa.ca/documents/msd_2006_guideline_ontario.pdf [in English]

2006

CIS 12-0184 Safe manual handling - Back care
Topics addressed in this leaflet on back care during manual handing tasks: function and structure of the spine; inter-vertebral discs; causes of back injuries; safe working methods and postures.
Occupational Safety and Health Council, 19/F China United Centre, 28 Marble Road, North Point, Hong Kong, 2006. 5p. Illus.
Safe_manual_handling_Back_care_[INTERNET_FREE_ACCESS] [in English]

CIS 08-854 Hanson M.A., Burton, K., Kendall N.A.S., Lancaster R.J., Pilkington A.
Health and Safety Executive
The costs and benefits of active case management and rehabilitation for musculoskeletal disorders
This study on the cost of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to employers sought to identify the evidence on cost-effective case management and rehabilitation principles that could be applied by employers and healthcare providers to help workers with MSDs to stay at work or return to work. It was carried out in the form of a literature survey, followed by interviews and focus groups involving healthcare professionals and organizations. A wide range of programmes were found to be implemented or in the process of implementation. Overall, case management methods were found to cost-effective, with best practice rehabilitation approaches having potential to significantly reduce long term sickness absence. Other findings are discussed.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2006. xiv, 180p. Illus. Approx. 250 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr493.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-976 Nicholson A., Smith C., Mitchell A., Wright R.
Health and Safety Executive
Cost benefit studies that support tackling musculoskeletal disorders
Twenty nine case studies are presented demonstrating ergonomics interventions carried out in a wide range of organizations to reduce the risks of musculoskeletal disorders. In 21 cases, the costs of the intervention and the benefits that have been gained were quantified. The ergonomic interventions took a variety of forms, from addressing the design of the task, the equipment, workstation and environment, to the organizational context in which the work is done. The interventions vary in complexity and magnitude from simple and inexpensive fixes to major projects involving quite significant capital outlay. Benefits were clear to see when a company was already incurring costs due to sub-optimal task design or workplace organization.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2006. vi, 148p. Illus. 9 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr491.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-578 Ghaffari M., Alipour A., Jensen I., Farshad A.A., Vingard E.
Low back pain among Iranian industrial workers
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among Iranian industrial workers. The sample consisted of workers at the largest car-manufacturing group in the country. The prevalence of LBP, work exposures, personal and lifestyle factors were recorded using the standardized Nordic questionnaire. Of the 18,031 employees, 78% participated. The majority of subjects were young men, with a small proportion of women (4%). The one-year prevalence of self-reported LBP was 21% (20% for males and 27% for females). The rate of absenteeism due to LBP was 5% per annum. Multiple logistic regression models indicated the following risk factors for LBP in the previous 12 months: age; lack of regular exercise; heavy lifting; repetitive work; monotonous work.
Occupational Medicine, Oct. 2006, Vol.56, No.7, p.455-460. 32 ref.

CIS 08-339 Trinkoff A.M., Le R., Geiger-Brown J., Lipscomb J., Lang G.
Longitudinal relationship of work hours, mandatory overtime, and on-call to musculoskeletal problems in nurses
Nurses are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) with low back pain being the most frequently occurring MSD. Nurses are also likely to work extended schedules (long hours, on-call, mandatory overtime, working on days off). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between extended work schedules and MSDs among nurses. It was carried out in the form of a longitudinal survey of 2,617 nurses. Schedule characteristics increasing MSD risk included workdays of 13h or more, off-shifts, weekend work, work during time off (while sick or on days off), overtime or on-call. These increases in risk were not explained by psychological demands, but were largely explained by physical demands.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 2006, Vol.49, No.11, p.964-971. 40 ref.

CIS 08-80 Lee H., Wilbur J.E., Conrad K.M., Mokadam D.
Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms reported by female flight attendants on long-haul flights
The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and severity of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms (WMSS) among female flight attendants working on long-haul flights at a major airline. A cross-sectional, mailed survey was conducted with female flight attendants randomly selected among eligible subjects, 185 of who returned completed questionnaires (63% response rate). WMSS in nine body regions were determined by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the NIOSH Symptom Survey Questionnaire. The prevalence of WMSS by body region ranged from 50% to 86%. Almost all (97%) of the flight attendants in this study experienced some level of WMS during the past year. The WMSS tended to involve more than one body region and the lower back was the most commonly affected body region.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2006, Vol.77, No.12, p.1283-1287. 15 ref.

CIS 08-87 Haukka E., Leino-Arjas P., Solovieva S., Ranta R., Viikari-Juntura E., Riihimäki H.
Co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among female kitchen workers
The co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms in seven body sites and their combinations among women in kitchen work were studied. Data were gathered by questionnaire from 495 female workers working in 122 school and nursing home kitchens of four cities in Finland. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the previous three months was 87%, the most common sites being the neck (71%), low back (50%), and forearms and hands (49%). 73% of the subjects had pain in at least two, 36% in four or more, and 10% in six sites or more. Altogether 53% of the workers reported pain in at least both the axial (defined as a combination of neck and low back) and upper limb areas, and 48% in at least both the axial and lower limb areas.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nov. 2006, Vol.80, No.2, p.141-148. Illus. 39 ref.

CIS 08-221 Cole D.C., Hogg-Johnson S., Manno M., Ibrahim S., Wells R.P., Ferrier S.E.
Reducing musculoskeletal burden through ergonomic program implementation in a large newspaper
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a workplace ergonomic programme to reduce musculoskeletal burden among employees of a large Canadian newspaper. It involved 1003 employees from all major departments who were surveyed in 1996 and 813 who were surveyed in 2001. Data were collected by means of questionnaires. Elements of the ergonomic program included employee repetitive strain injury training, proactive assessment of workstations and early treatment of injuries through on-site physiotherapy. Through the implementation of the programme, it was possible to bring about significant improvements in a number of physical and psychosocial risk factors. The frequency and duration of musculoskeletal pain episodes were reduced. Other findings are discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nov. 2006, Vol.80, No.2, p.98-108. Illus. 51 ref.

CIS 07-1308 Chen Y., McDonald J.C., Cherry N.M.
Incidence and suspected cause of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, United Kingdom, 1996-2001
The objective of this study was to estimate population incidence rates for work-related musculoskeletal disorders reported by rheumatologists and occupational physicians in the United Kingdom. Between 1997 and 2001, an average of 2599 new cases/year were reported by rheumatologists, and from 1996, 5278 new cases/year by occupational physicians. Average annual rates overall were 94 per million for rheumatologists and 1643 per million for occupational physicians (a 17-fold difference). The much higher rates reported by occupational physicians reflect, in part, the type of industries they served. Jobs at highest risk for the upper limb were primarily clerical, craft-related and machine work. Tasks associated with upper limb disorders and with neck and back problems were predominantly keyboard work and heavy lifting, and in craft-related occupations with hand tools.
Occupational Medicine, 2006, No.56, p.406-413. 20 ref.

CIS 07-1327 Rivilis I., Cole D.C., Frazer M.B., Kerr M.S., Wells R.P., Ibrahim S.
Evaluation of a participatory ergonomic intervention aimed at improving musculoskeletal health
Participatory ergonomic (PE) interventions have been increasingly used to deal with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). This article describes a PE process launched at one depot of a large courier company, with a nearby depot serving as a control. Evaluations focused on 122 employees across the two depots who participated in both pre- and post-questionnaires. The evaluation consisted of assessing the process of implementation, changes in risk factors and changes in musculoskeletal health measures. Relationships were explored by means of partial and multiple regressions. Findings are discussed. It is concluded that a PE approach can improve risk factors related to WMSD, and meaningful worker participation in the process is an important aspect for the success of such interventions.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 2006, Vol.49, No.10, p.801-810. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 07-1457 Åström C., Rehn B., Lundström R., Nilsson T., Burström L., Sundelin G.
Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and upper-limbs in professional drivers of terrain vehicles - A cross sectional study
This study compares the prevalence of symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs between professional drivers of terrain vehicles and a referent group not exposed to vibrations. 769 male professional drivers of various types of terrain vehicles and forest machines, and 296 randomly selected male referents completed a questionnaire on HAVS and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs. They also provided information on lifetime exposure to the driving of terrain vehicles and their tobacco use. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) were determined and adjusted for age and nicotine use. Results show that there is a relation between the driving of terrain vehicles the symptoms of HAVS (POR 1.2-6.1). Increased risks of musculoskeletal symptoms in neck, shoulders and wrists were also found (POR 1.2-6.4) which appeared to be related to cumulative exposure time.
Applied Ergonomics, Nov. 2006, Vol.37, No.6, p.793-799. 17 ref.

CIS 07-1488 Bellemare M., Trudel L., Ledoux E., Montreuil S., Marier M., Laberge M., Vincent P.
Allowing for MSD prevention during facilities planning for a public service: An a posteriori analysis of 10 library design projects
This research was conducted to identify an ergonomics-based intervention model designed to include musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) prevention in the design phase of library projects. The first stage of the research involved an a posteriori analysis of ten recent public library redesign projects in the province of Quebec, Canada. The purpose of the analysis was to document perceptions about the attention given to MSD prevention measures over the course of a project by librarians responsible for such projects and the personnel working in the libraries before and after changes. Subjects were interviewed in focus groups. Findings are discussed.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2006, Vol.12, No.4, p.387-397. 22 ref.

CIS 07-1304 Piedrahita H.
Cost of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in developing countries: Colombia case
In this study, the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Colombia was estimated by using the age- and gender-specific double incidence rate of repetitive strain injuries diseases in Finland for 2002. This allowed estimating the number of MSDs recorded in Colombia during 2005 at 23,477 cases, or a rate of 11.6 cases per 10,000 workers. The estimated cost of these MSD cases in terms of productivity loss was USD 171.7 million, representing approximately 0.2% of Colombia's gross domestic product for 2005. The systematic appraisal of the incidence of MSDs and their associated cost on workers' productivity are necessary in developing countries, since they facilitate the implementation of preventive policies at the national level.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2006, Vol.12, No.4, p.379-386. 26 ref.

CIS 07-1225 Cable J.
Fighting back
Of the 1.3 million reported lost-time injuries and illnesses in private industry in the USA in 2003, sprains and strains most often involving the back were the leading type of injury in every major industry sector, accounting for 43% of the total lost-time cases, according to the Bureau of Labour Statistics. An insurance company estimates that in 2005, injuries caused by overexertion defined as excessive lifting, pushing, pulling, holding, carrying or throwing an object, all of which are key ingredients of back injuries, cost employers USD 13.4 billion. This article outlines the key elements of a back safety programme based on four main components: training, engineering controls, fitness and health care initiatives. Also describes an ergonomics programme implemented in an airline company.
Occupational Hazards, Aug. 2006, p.23-28. Illus.

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