Hand and portable tools - 750 entries found

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1999

CIS 00-534 Sullman M.
Chainsaw lacerations to the leg in the New Zealand logging industry: 1983 to 1996
The frequency, mechanism, location and severity of chainsaw lacerations to the legs of New Zealand logging workers from 1983 to 1996 are described. The data were obtained from an industry-based accident-reporting scheme. Chainsaw lacerations to the leg were reduced from nearly 30% of all reported lost-time injuries in 1983 to 4% in 1996 are described. The most common mechanism of injury was cutting an unprotected part of the leg, followed closely by cutting through the cut-resistant legwear. Chainsaw injuries to the leg were most severe when no cut-resistant legwear was worn and least severe when the protective legwear was cut through.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Aug. 1999, Vol.15, No.4, p.341-350. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 99-2049 Welch L.S., Weeks J., Hunting K.L.
Fatal and non-fatal injuries from vessels under air pressure in construction
Using a surveillance system that captures data on construction workers treated in an urban emergency department, injuries caused by vessels and tools under air pressure were identified. Six cases are described along with similar cases found in the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Data from the National Surveillance for Traumatic Occupational Fatalities database and from the Bureau of Labour Statistics are also reviewed. Among the injuries and deaths for which there are good case descriptions, the majority would have been prevented by adherence to existing Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards in the construction industry. Topics: air pressure vessels; case study; comment on standard; construction industry; fatalities; injuries; pneumatic tools; safety training in industry.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 1999, Vol.41, No.2, p.100-103. 13 ref.

CIS 99-1710 Imrhan S.N., Jenkins G.D.
Flexion-extension hand torque strengths: Applications in maintenance tasks
To determine the effects of some task and handle variables on the torquing capabilities of male and female adults in simulated maintenance tasks, 20 adults generated maximal voluntary contraction torques on a 2.25 in diameter cylindrical handle with each hand, across different conditions of handle surface, wrist action, arm position, and hand laterality. Results showed that extension torques were 1.18 as strong as flexion ones; knurled handle torques 1.15 as strong as smooth handle ones; right-hand torques 1.10 as strong as left hand ones; and male torques 2.04 as strong as female ones. Interaction effects showed that the male-female difference was greater for extension torquing compared to flexion torquing, and from using the knurled handle compared with the smooth one. Also, extension-flexion difference was greater with the knurled than the smooth handle, and with the arm below the horizontal than at other positions. The separate effects of demographic and anthropometric measurements, and handgrip and pinch strengths are also discussed. Topics: design of equipment; forearm rotation; grip strength; hand tools; hand; handles; maintenance; muscular strength; sex-linked differences; work posture; wrist.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Mar. 1999, Vol.23, No.4, p.359-371. Illus. 23 ref.

1998

CIS 00-1177 Gamboa J.I.
Design of hand tools
Diseño de herramientas manuales [in Spanish]
Topics: Colombia; design of equipment; ergonomic evaluation; ergonomics; grip strength; hand tools; repetitive strain injury; safety by design; uses; vibration disease; vibration transmission.
Protección y seguridad, Nov.-Dec. 1998, Vol.44, No.262, p.36-40. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 00-225 Griffin M.J.
Evaluating the effectiveness of gloves in reducing the hazards of hand-transmitted vibration
The isolation effectiveness of vibration protective gloves was calculated from the measured transmissibility of the glove, the vibration spectrum on the handle of a specific tool and the frequency weighting, indicating the degree to which different frequencies of vibration cause injury. The method was used to test ten gloves with 20 different powered tools. The frequency weighting for hand-transmitted vibration advocated in current British and international standards greatly influences the apparent isolation effectiveness of gloves. With the frequency weighting, the gloves had little effect on the transmission of vibration to the hand from most of the tools. Only for two or three tools (those dominated by high frequency vibration) did any glove provide useful attenuation. Without the frequency weighting, some gloves showed useful attenuation of the vibration on most powered tools.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1998, Vol.55, No.5, p.340-348. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 99-2038 Veronese N., Perbellini L., Brugnone F.
Chronothermometry in the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon caused by prolonged use of vibrating tools
La cronotermometria nella diagnosi delle vasculopatie Raynaud-simili da uso prolungato di strumenti vibranti [in Italian]
This report presents the results of 232 chronothermometric tests performed on 157 workers exposed to vibrations during the use of different kinds of tools. 75 subjects not exposed to vibrations of the upper arms but with suspected Raynaud's phenomenon were also tested. Chronothermometry enabled the subjects exposed to vibration to be classified into three different subgroups: 61 workers with "normal" chronothermometry, 33 subjects with "pathological" vascular reactivity to cold in some fingers, and 63 workers with such reactivity in all fingers. The 75 patients not exposed to vibrations could also be divided into the same three groups. No statistical difference was found between the chronothermometric results obtained from the exposed and non-exposed subjects when divided into the three subgroups. Topics: diagnosis; fingers; injuries to upper extremities; Raynaud's phenomenon; skin temperature; vascular diseases; vibrating tools; vibration.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1998, Vol.89, No.4, p.334-342. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 99-2056
Health and Safety Executive
Safe use of manually operated cross-cut saws
Topics: adjustable guards; circular saws; data sheet; fixed guards; hand tools; induction training; maintenance; mechanical hazards; safe working methods; safety by design; safety devices; unsafe practices; woodworking industry; woodworking saws.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Nov. 1998. 4p. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 99-1682 Forestry machinery - Portable chain-saws - Kickback test
Matériel forestier - Scies à chaîne portatives - Essais de rebond [in French]
Topics: chain saws; computer programme; equipment testing; forestry; gasoline engine powered tools; ISO; mathematical models; power-driven hand tools; standard.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 2nd ed., 1 Oct., 1998. v, 41p. Illus.

CIS 99-1725 Aptel M., Cail F., Claudon L., Morel O., Renouard M.L., Tranchet E.M.
Ergonomics of hand tools - Key issues and state of the art
Ergonomie des outils à main - Problématique et état de l'art [in French]
This report contains two literature analyses on the ergonomic design of industrial hand tools and visual display unit input devices. Two examples are given concerning: 1) the assessment of biomechanical stresses resulting from the use of hand tools and 2) the conditions and environment of hand tool use. Topics: age-linked differences; anthropometry; body mechanics; computer terminals; design of equipment; ergonomics; hand tools; literature survey; man-computer interfaces; musculoskeletal diseases; repetitive strain injury; sex-linked differences; stapling; work posture.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Feb. 1998. 148p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 99-1654 Bovenzi M.
Vibration-induced white finger and cold response of digital arterial vessels in occupational groups with various patterns of exposure to hand-transmitted vibration
The change in finger systolic blood pressure (FSBP) at 15 and 10°C as the percentage of the pressure at 30°C (FSBP%) was measured in 455 healthy referents and 822 workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration from vibrating tools. The prevalence of white finger was 1.1% for the referents and ranged from 9.0% to 51.6% for the vibration-exposed groups. After adjustment for age, smoking and drinking habits, the FSBP% was significantly lower in the vibration-exposed groups than in the reference group. Groupwise, the FSBP% was inversely related to the prevalence of white finger, the estimated exposure and total operating time. FSBP measurement during cold provocation is a useful laboratory test for white finger. A quantitative relationship between cold-induced digital arterial hyperresponsiveness and occupational exposure to hand-transmitted vibration was suggested. Topics: age; alcoholism; blood pressure; blood vessels; cold pressor test; dose-response relationship; fingers; hand-arm vibration; Raynaud's phenomenon; smoking; vibrating tools.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Apr. 1998, Vol.24, No.2, p.138-144. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 99-1557 Lidén C., Röndell E., Skare L., Nalbanti A.
Nickel release from tools on the Swedish market
The prevalence on the market of tools that release nickel was investigated. 27% of 565 hand-held tools with metal parts that come into contact with the skin reacted positively in a dimethylgloxime test. Release of nickel and other metals into artificial sweat, and composition of metals on the surface and in the base alloy were also studied. It is suggested that tool producers should consider nickel allergy and avoid nickel-releasing materials, and that analytical methods, relevant for nickel release from tools, should be further developed. Topics: nickel; evaluation of equipment; hand tools; sensitization; skin allergies.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1998, Vol.39, No.3, p.127-131. 15 ref.

CIS 99-1286 Georg H., Heimann M., Lessnich W., Post G.
Determination of the dust emitted by electric woodworking hand tools
Ermittlung der Staubemission von handgeführten Elektrowerkzeugen für die Holzbearbeitung [in German]
Dust emission from electric woodworking hand tools with integrated dust collectors. Topics: dust collectors; dust control; dust measurement; electric tools; hand tools; particle size distribution; sanding machines; wood dust; woodworking industry; woodworking machines; woodworking saws.
Die BG, Jan. 1998, No.1, p.36-44. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 99-975 Bovenzi M., Alessandrini B., Mancini R., Cannavà M.G., Centi L.
A prospective study of the cold response of digital vessels in forestry workers exposed to saw vibration
The occurrence of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and the cold response of digital vessels were examined in a group of 68 forestry workers using chain saws. Workers were examined in 1990 and again in 1995. Results indicate that a reduction or cessation of exposure to vibration has a beneficial effect on finger-blanching symptoms and on the cold response of digital vessels. Since a few new cases of VWF occurred during the follow-up period in workers using only antivibration chain saws, health surveillance of workers using these machines should be maintained. Topics: chain saws; cold pressor test; exposure evaluation; fingers; hand-arm vibration; logging and forestry operations; long-term study; Raynaud's phenomenon; vibration measurement.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 1998, Vol.71, No.7, p.493-498. 20 ref.

CIS 99-632 Futatsuka M.
Hand-arm vibration syndrome - Health effects of hand held vibrating tools
Shuwankei shindou shougai - temochi doryoku kougu niyoru kenkou eikyou [in Japanese]
Observations indicating a chronic autonomic disturbance include changes in cardiac function, excessive hearing loss in persons with vibration-induced white finger (VWF), and reduced toe skin temperature even in the absence of acute cold or vibration exposure. Sympathetic hyperactivity alone has long been postulated to account for VWF, but damage to vasoregulatory structures and functions in the finger skin now also seems to be involved. An abnormal level of sympathetic efferent activity may be important in producing the symptoms of VWF. Topics: dose-response relationship; epidemiologic study; hand tools; hand-arm vibration; literature survey; Raynaud's phenomenon; vibrating tools; vibration disease.
Occupational Health Review, May 1998, Vol.11, No.1, p.27-48. Illus. 60 ref.

CIS 99-517 Teitsworth J.E., Sheehan M.J.
The effectiveness of local exhaust-ventilated (shrouded) hand power tools used for grinding/sanding composite materials
A portable hand tool used for machining composite materials was fitted with an enveloping shroud which was connected to a vacuum source to remove particles generated by the tool. Dust exposure was measured during the sanding and grinding of fibrous glass/epoxy composite materials using a shrouded and an unshrouded tool. While use of the shroud reduced airborne total dust concentrations, the effect of a shroud on respirable dust exposure was inconclusive because of the limited amount of respirable dust collected in these short-term samples. Topics: abrasive operations; aerosols; air sampling; airborne dust; description of equipment; evaluation of equipment; exhaust hoods; field tests; hand tools; local exhaust; personal sampling; respirable dust.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1998, Vol.59, No.10, p.689-693. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 99-639 Hadler N.M., Bernard B., Nelson N., Estill C.F., Fine L.
Vibration white finger revisited
Topics: chain saws; diagnosis; dose-response relationship; epidemiologic study; forestry and logging; hand-arm vibration; literature survey; permissible levels; pneumatic tools; quarrying industry; Raynaud's phenomenon; vibrating tools; vibration disease.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1998, Vol.40, No.9, p.772-785. 90 ref.

CIS 98-1737 Hulse S.A., Gunstone K.W.
Health and Safety Executive
A study to determine the extent of musculoskeletal disorders in forestry chainsaw operators
Topics: back disorders; chain saws; hand; job-exposure relation; length of service; logging and forestry operations; lower extremity disorders; musculoskeletal diseases; questionnaire survey; report; tree felling; United Kingdom; upper extremity disorders; wrist.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1998. vi, 63p. Illus. Price: GBP 20.00.

CIS 98-1438 Burström L., Lundström R.
Portable equipment for field measurement of the hand's absorption of vibration energy
Topics: comment on standard; description of equipment; energy absorption; evaluation of technique; hand-arm vibration; power-driven hand tools; vibration measurement; vibration transmission.
Safety Science, Feb. 1998, Vol.28, No.1, p.15-20. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 98-1437 Burström L., Lundström R., Hagberg M., Nilsson T.
Comparison of different measures for hand-arm vibration exposure
Topics: comment on standard; comparative study; energy absorption; evaluation of technique; exposure evaluation; hand-arm vibration; length of exposure; power-driven hand tools; vibration acceleration; vibration dosimetry; vibration intensity; vibration measurement.
Safety Science, Feb. 1998, Vol.28, No.1, p.3-14. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 98-1512 Kardborn A.
Inter-organizational participation and user focus in a large-scale product development programme: The Swedish hand tool project
Topics: design of equipment; ergonomic evaluation; ergonomics; hand tools; Sweden; workers participation.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, May 1998, Vol.21, No.5, p.369-381. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 98-944 Forest machinery - Backpack power units for brush-cutters, grass-trimmers, pole-cutters and similar appliances - Safety requirements and testing
Matériel forestier - Sources motrices portées à dos utilisées pour entraîner les débroussailleuses, les coupe-herbe, les scies à perche et autres appareils similaires - Exigences de sécurité et essais [in French]
Topics: control elements; electric generators; forestry; ISO; power-driven hand tools; safety devices; standard; supply of information.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, May 1998. 10p. Illus.

CIS 98-729 Hawkes A.P., McCammon J.B., Hoffman R.E.
Indoor use of concrete saws and other gas-powered equipment - Analysis of reported carbon monoxide poisoning cases in Colorado
Topics: carbon monoxide; carboxyhaemoglobin level; Colorado; epidemiologic study; internal combustion engines; poisoning; power-driven hand tools; saws; USA; work in confined spaces.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 1998, Vol.40, No.1, p.49-54. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 98-915
Health and Safety Executive
Reducing the risk of hand-arm vibration injury among stonemasons
Topics: construction work; data sheet; exposure evaluation; hand-arm vibration; medical supervision; selection of equipment; stone dressing; vibrating tools; vibration control.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Mar. 1998. 3p. 2 ref.

1997

CIS 01-326 Order of 12 May 1997 concerning the limitation of noise emitted by powered hand-held picks and concrete breakers [France]
Arrêté du 12 mai 1997 relatif à la limitation des émissions sonores des marteaux piqueurs et des brise-béton [France] [in French]
This Order implements in France the provisions of Directive 84/537/EEC (see CIS 95-1199), as modified by 85/409/EEC. It sets the noise emission limits for powered hand-held picks and concrete breakers and establishes the noise measuring methods in line with the obtaining of EEC certification. In annex: Technical data sheet for this kind of machinery; form for testing reports and for requesting EEC type certificates.
Journal officiel de la République française, 3 June 1997, No.127, p.8968-8976. Illus.

CIS 00-1678 Knörzer B., Schulz A.
Are special fuels an alternative to normal motor fuel?
Sind Sonderkraftstoffe eine Alternative zu Normalbenzin? [in German]
Topics: carcinogens; benzene; chain saws; clearing saws; comparative study; exhaust gases; exposure evaluation; gasoline engine powered tools; Germany; logging; motor fuel.
AFZ - Der Wald, 1997, No.9, p.494-495.

CIS 99-1038 Grant K.A., Habes D.J.
An electromyographic study of strength and upper extremity muscle activity in simulated meat cutting tasks
Muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography (EMG) in 15 subjects exerting force against a handle in postures similar to those observed in the meatpacking industry. Handle position had a significant effect on force exertion capability and on the EMG/force ratio in all muscles. Force exertion capability was maximized and the EMG/force ratio was generally minimized when participants pulled downward on a handle positioned at full arm's reach above the shoulder. For vertical cuts, force decreased and muscle activity generally increased as the handle height was lowered. For horizontal cuts, the full reach distance tended to allow greater force exertion with lower EMG/force ratios. The stab grip also tended to be associated with higher forces and lower EMG/force ratios than the slice grip. Results support the premise that musculoskeletal stresses in meatpacking tasks can be altered through tool and workstation redesign. Topics: design of equipment; electromyography; ergonomic evaluation; grip strength; hand knives; measurement of load on muscles; meat industry; motion study; muscular strength; upper extremity disorders; work posture.
Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1997, Vol.28, No.2, p.129-137. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 99-1037 Häkkänen M., Viikari-Juntura E., Takala E.P.
Effects of changes in work methods on musculoskeletal load. An intervention study in the trailer assembly
The effects of changes in work methods, tools and work organization were investigated among workers in a trailer assembly factory. The number of repetitions of fundamental work cycles and wrist posture were estimated from video recordings and exposure imposed on the upper extremities in driving screws and drilling was computed. After implementation of changes, most workers worked less with a deviated wrist posture and the cumulative exposure on the upper extremities was lower. Lifting with twisted torso was reduced. With relatively simple, low-cost solutions, exposure to important risk factors of upper extremity and low-back disorders could be reduced. Topics: assemblers; backache; ergonomic evaluation; exposure evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; physical workload; power-driven hand tools; upper extremity disorders; work posture.
Applied Ergonomics, Apr. 1997, Vol.28, No.2, p.99-108. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 98-917 Banco L., Lapidus G., Monopoli J., Zavoski R.
The safe teen work project: A study to reduce cutting injuries among young and inexperienced workers
Topics: economic aspects; finger injuries; hand injuries; hand knives; information of personnel; retail trade; shops; supermarkets; USA; wounds; young persons.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1997, Vol. 31, No.5, p.619-622. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 98-695 Earnest G.S., Mickelsen R.L., McCammon J.B., O'Brien D.M.
Carbon monoxide poisonings from small, gasoline-powered, internal combustion engines: Just what is a "well-ventilated area"?
Topics: carbon monoxide; confined spaces; determination in air; gasoline engine powered tools; limitation of exposure; mathematical models; ventilation.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1997, Vol.58, No.11, p.787-791. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 98-981 Sen R.N.
Ergonomic modifications of shovels in India
Topics: case study; design of equipment; hand tools; India; shovels.
Environmental Management and Health, 1997, Vol.8, No.5, p.173-174. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 98-279 Stayner R.M.
Health and Safety Executive
European grinder vibration test code - A critical review
Critical review of the European test code for measuring vibration of hand-held grinders (United Kingdom), 1997. Topics: comment on standard; grinding machines; literature survey; power-driven hand tools; report; United Kingdom; vibration measurement.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. 93p. 33 ref. Price: GBP 25.00.

CIS 97-2033 Tanaka M., et al.
Influence of local vibration on finger functions of forest workers
Finger functions were investigated in 92 male forest workers. Subjects were classified into one of two groups: group A showed normal results or a slight disorder, group B showed disorder or illness. Working hours per day and hours using a chain saw were lower in group A than group B. Mean hand grip strength and finger skin temperatures were higher in group A. Mean values of vibration sensation and reaction times in the nail pressure test were lower in group A. Differences in right and left hand finger functions are discussed along with age effects.
Industrial Health, July 1997, Vol.35, No.3, p.337-342. 15 ref.

CIS 97-1695
Health and Safety Executive
Training and standards of competence for people working with chainsaws
Contents of this guidance note: legal requirements for the use of chainsaws at work (health and safety training, assessment of risks for young workers); hazards associated with chainsaws (contact with the moving chain, being struck by timber, noise and vibration); training and qualification requirements for particular tasks; selection of chainsaw operators; selection of trainers and supervision of trainees. (Replaces CIS 91-1011).
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Rev.ed., July 1997. 5p. 7 ref. Price: GBP 5.50.

CIS 97-1483
Health and Safety Executive
Vibration solutions - Practical ways to reduce the risk of hand-arm vibration injury
This guidance booklet presents a series of case studies which illustrate how companies in various industries have reduced the risk of hand-arm vibration injury. The studies are based on three types of control measures: reduction of exposure to vibration, maintaining blood circulation, and health surveillance. A checklist provides an approach to assessing potential vibration problems, and some vibration control techniques are outlined: process redesign; isolation; use of gloves; and use of suppliers' vibration data for new tools.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. iv, 76p. Illus. 18 ref. Price: GBP 13.75.

CIS 97-789
Health and Safety Executive
Using work equipment safely
This booklet provides simple, practical advice on the safe use of work equipment. It is aimed at owners and managers of small businesses. Guidance is given on the identification of potential hazards, and the reduction of risk by using the right equipment for the job, making sure that machinery and hand tools are safe, maintenance of machinery and equipment, and instruction and training of employees. The duties of employees in relation to the use of equipment are also outlined.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Jan. 1997. 15p. 25 ref.

CIS 97-818 Fredericks T.K., Fernandez J.E., Pirela-Cruz M.A.
Kienböck's disease. I. Anatomy and etiology
This review of Kienboeck's disease (KD) considers the anatomy of the wrist and different aetiological hypotheses of this disorder of the lunate bone. Some similarities of KD and cumulative trauma disorders have been established. Workers most prone to develop this disease seem to be carpenters, workers using pneumatic tools, spot welders, sheet metal workers, farmers and factory workers.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1997, Vol.10, No.1, p.11-17. Illus. 21 ref.

1996

CIS 99-653 Chain saws
Motorsägen [in German]
Replaces Merkblatt M 592 (CIS 93-437). Topics: Austria; chain saws; data sheet; forestry; legislation; logging; noise; personal protective equipment; preventive maintenance; safety checks; safety guides; vibration.
Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Adalbert-Stifter-Str. 65, 1201 Wien, Austria, 1996. 14p. Illus.

CIS 98-1568 Grand-Ducal Regulation of 8 December 1996 amending Grand-Ducal Regulation of 8 July 1992 concerning the limitation of noise emissions ... from construction plant and equipment [Luxembourg]
Règlement grand-ducal du 8 déc. 1996 modifiant le Règlement grand-ducal du 8 juil. 1992 relatif à la limitation des émissions sonores ... des engins de chantier [Luxembourg] [in French]
Grand-Ducal Regulation of 8 December 1996 amending Grand-Ducal Regulation of 8 July 1992 (CIS 98-1567) concerning a) the limitation of noise emissions of hydraulic and cable shovels, bulldozers, loaders and shovel loaders; b) the amendment of Grand-Ducal regulation of 28 September 1988 (CIS 92-1441) on earth-moving equipment. Topics: approval; bulldozers; determination of exposure limits; earthmoving equipment; hazard identification; labelling; law; loaders; Luxembourg; noise level; noise measurement; noise; shovels; sound power.
Mémorial - Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Offprint, p.2923-2925.

CIS 97-1296 Alert: Preventing carbon monoxide poisoning from small gasoline-powered engines and tools
This document outlines the health effects of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and summarizes reports of poisoning resulting from the use of gasoline-powered tools. Examples of environmental measurements and modelling techniques illustrate how quickly CO levels can reach dangerous concentrations. Recommendations for employers and equipment users include location of gasoline engines outside and away from air intakes, recognizing signs of CO poisoning, CO monitoring and substitution with less hazardous equipment.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Nov. 1996. iv, 15p. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 97-1006 Machinery for forestry - Portable chain-saws - Safety requirements and testing - Part 1: Chain-saws for normal forest work
Matériel forestier - Scies à chaîne portatives - Exigences de sécurité et essais - Partie 1: Scies à chaîne pour travaux forestiers normaux [in French]
Part 1 of this international standard specifies the safety requirements of portable combustion-engined, hand-held chain-saws designed for use by one operator and intended for normal forest work. Contents: scope; normative references; definitions; safety requirements; verification of safety requirements; information for use. Annex: list of hazards.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1996. v, 13p. Illus.

CIS 97-1001 Becker T.M., Trinkaus K.M., Buckley D.I.
Tool-related injuries among amateur and professional woodworkers
In a questionnaire survey of 283 amateur and professional woodworkers in New Mexico, injuries associated with woodshop tool use were reported by 64% of respondents. Hammers, chisels/gouges and table saws were most frequently reported in association with injuries; the highest tool-specific injury rates were associated with the use of jointer-planers, chisels/gouges, and drill presses. One third of respondents reported tool-related injuries that were severe enough to require professional medical attention; 5% suffered partial amputations. Courses in the safe use of shop tools may help to reduce rates of injuries among woodworkers.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct. 1996, Vol.38, No.10, p.1032-1035. 4 ref.

CIS 97-307 Strasser H., Wang B., Hoffmann A.
Electromyographic and subjective evaluation of hand tools: The example of masons' trowels
This case study evaluates an ergonomically designed handle of a mason's trowel in comparison with two standard types. Job-specific working elements were performed by 10 subjects in a laboratory. Electromyographic activity (EA) of selected arm muscles was registered continuously and summed up during all of the test sessions. The ergonomic quality of the handles was rated by means of a questionnaire both before and after the work sessions. The ergonomically designed handle should provide specific relief for muscular strain. Significantly lower EA values were measured during most of the test phases with the new handle. However, subjective rating data after the working sessions differed clearly among the 3 handles, corresponding well to the pretest assessment.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 1996, Vol.18, p.91-106. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 97-313 Cobb T.K., Cooney W.P., An K.N.
Aetiology of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome: The role of lumbrical muscles and tool size on carpal tunnel pressures
Five cadaveric upper extremities were mounted on an apparatus. Active grip was simulated by loading each of the eight finger flexor tendons with 1kg each. Carpal tunnel pressures were measured with and without 1in and 2in tubing in the hand and before and after removing the lumbrical muscles. Both tool size and lumbrical muscles had a significant effect on carpal tunnel pressure. Higher, but non-significant, pressure changes occurred for the 2in tubing. Modification in tool handle design may be beneficial in controlling carpal tunnel syndrome in the workplace.
Ergonomics, Jan. 1996, Vol.39, No.1, p.103-107. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 96-1853 Kákosy T., Martin J., Diner J., Székely A.
Hand-arm vibration syndrome caused by power screwdrivers
Angiological, neurological and radiological examination of the upper extremities of 17 persons working with power screwdrivers revealed 12 patients with symptoms of the upper limbs, including numbness, muscle weakness and cold sensitivity. 10 of these also had signs corresponding to hand-arm vibration syndrome. In 9 out of 15 different types of power tools evaluated, the vibration levels exceeded the maximum allowable acceleration level. The importance of the right choice of tools and the significance of periodic medical examinations are emphasized.
Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1996, Vol.2, No.2, p.175-180. 14 ref.

1995

CIS 99-999 Tamborero del Pino J.M.
Hand tools (III): General safety conditions
Herramientas manuales (III): condiciones generales de seguridad [in Spanish]
For Parts I and II see CIS 99-997 and CIS 99-998 respectively. Topics: data sheet; description of equipment; hammers; hand saws; hand tools; picks; risk factors; safe working methods; scissors; Spain.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1995. 5p. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 99-998 Tamborero del Pino J.M.
Hand tools (II): General safety conditions
Herramientas manuales (II): condiciones generales de seguridad [in Spanish]
For Parts I and III see CIS 99-997 and CIS 99-999 respectively. Topics: data sheet; description of equipment; files; hand tools; risk factors; safe working methods; Spain; wrenches.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1995. 4p. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 99-997 Tamborero del Pino J.M.
Hand tools (I): General safety conditions
Herramientas manuales (I): condiciones generales de seguridad [in Spanish]
For Parts II and III see CIS 99-998 and CIS 99-999 respectively. Topics: chisels; data sheet; description of equipment; hand tools; pliers; punches; risk factors; safe working methods; safety by design; screwdrivers; Spain; tongs.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Ediciones y Publicaciones, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1995. 8p. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 97-616 Safety of transportable motor-operated electric tools - Part 2: Particular requirements for mitre saws
Sécurité des machines-outils électriques semi-fixes - Partie 2. Règles de sécurité particulières pour les scies à onglet [in French]
This international standard applies to transportable mitre saws intended for cutting non-ferrous metals such as aluminium, wood and similar materials with a blade diameter not exceeding 400mm. This part is to be used in conjunction with the first edition of IEC 1029-1 (CIS 94-1714) and supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, Case postale 131, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Apr. 1995. 21p. Illus.

CIS 97-615 Safety of transportable motor-operated electric tools - Part 2: Particular requirements for single spindle vertical moulders
Sécurité des machines-outils électriques semi-fixes - Partie 2: Règles de sécurité particulières pour les toupies monobroches [in French]
This international standard applies to transportable single spindle vertical moulders with a maximum cutter block diameter of 180mm. This part is to be used in conjunction with the first edition of IEC 1029-1 (CIS 94-1714) and supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, Case postale 131, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, Apr. 1995. 41p. Illus.

CIS 97-628 Weinert K., Gillmeister F., Michel O.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz
Reduction of the vibration exposure for the hand-arm system by the optimization of impact and rotary hammer drills
Verminderung der Schwingungsbelastung des Hand-Arm-Systems durch Optimierung von Schlag- und Hammerbohrern [in German]
When operating a hand-held vibrating power tool (e.g. impact drills, rotary hammers), high vibration exposures are applied to the hand-arm system of the operator. Over time, this mechanical vibration can lead to health problems of the hand-arm system. The aim of this research project was to investigate the isolated influence of the design of the cutting edge for drilling tools on the vibration characteristics of impact drills and rotary hammers. Exposure of the hand-arm system to vibration of the tools, and the volume of chip production were measured. Following the analysis of the results, it was possible to create optimized cutting edges for these tools. Prototypes for drilling tools were produced, investigated and assessed.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1995. viii, 167p. Illus. 116 ref.

CIS 97-196 Bünger J., Bombosch F., Mesecke U., Vodegel D., Stalder K.
Exposure of lumberjacks to chainsaw exhausts - An analysis using ambient concentration measurements, biological monitoring and video recordings
Belastung von Forstwirten durch Motorsägenabgase - eine Analyse mit Hilfe von Expositionsmessungen, biologischem Monitoring und Videoaufzeichnungen [in German]
Measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the breathing zone of forestry workers (conducted in Germany between May and October 1994) during wood clearing, tree lopping and tree felling operations with chain saws yielded values which were frequently in excess of the threshold limit value of 30ppm. Peaks of 400ppm and in some cases even 600ppm were measured during lopping of dense tops of coniferous trees and during tree felling in calm weather with low wind speed. The biological threshold limit in blood was often exceeded.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, Aug. 1995, Vol.45, No.8, p.302-310. Illus. 25 ref.

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