Lasers - 157 entries found

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1973

CIS 74-133 Mouton-Liger J.
Diseases of the eyes - Physiological and pathological influences of radiations and vibrations on the eye and visual function
Ophtalmopathies - Influences physiologiques et pathologiques des rayonnements et vibrations sur l'oeil et la fonction visuelle. [in French]
Studies briefly the traumatic effects on the eye of the principal radiations and of acoustic vibrations, indicating the most exposed occupations. Electromagnetic waves (short waves and radar), infrared, visible spectrum and ultraviolet radiations, X-rays, lasers and sound vibrations, infrasound and ultrasound are considered in turn. The shorter the wavelength, the more penetrating and harmful the wave action. Thermal waves, electrical waves and sound waves have a more marked effect on the visual function than light and ultraviolet rays, X-rays, etc., which have a greater traumatic effect locally.
Médecine et collectivité, July-Aug. 1973, No.7-8, p.7-14. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 74-132 Kupfer E.
Laser beams from the occupational health point of view
Laser in ihrer arbeitshygienischen Bedeutung [in German]
Recalls the principle of operation and applications of laser beams and discusses the hazards involved in their use, particularly eye and skin damage. Compares permissible exposure limits laid down by various institutions. Information concerning medical check-ups and counter-indications for work in a zone swept by a laser beam.
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete, Mar. 1973, Vol.19, No.3, p.169-177. Illus. 36 ref.

1972

CIS 72-2736 Bagelmann E.
Occupational health aspects of laser beams
Arbeitsmedizinische Aspekte der Laserstrahlung [in German]
A review of the effects of the CO₂-laser on the eye and a report on animal experiments. Even the weakest CO₂-laser beam is hazardous for the surface of the cornea and the resultant scars and clouding will always impair vision. Particular reference is made to the importance of thorough ophthalmological and general medical pre-employment medical examinations for people to be employed on work with lasers, and the need for documentary evidence of the eye examination findings (retinal-image photograph or diagram).
Homburg-Informationen für den Werksarzt, 1972, Vol.19, No.4, p.98-104. 2 ref.

CIS 73-261 Stockhausen M., Walther G., Hochgesand P.
Ocular-injury threshold energy for short laser pulses
Zur Frage der Schwellenergie für Augenschädigungen durch kurze Laserimpulse [in German]
Using a thermophysical model, the authors evaluated retinal lesions due to the heat released by laser pulses. A pulse duration of 50ns will have an energy of about 1µJ. This value, calculated theoretically, is in striking agreement with the results of clinical examinations of rabbit-eye fundus (ruby laser, 50ns), which points to the conclusion that the damage is due essentially to a conversion of radiation into thermal energy.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 1 Aug. 1972, Vol.29, No.4, p.340-346. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 73-1521 Marich K.W.
Health hazards in the use of the laser microprobe for toxic and infective samples
Pulsed laser microprobes have been used for the analysis of microscopic quantities of tissue, cells and body fluids. For this purpose, biological samples are vapourised by a high-energy laser beam which can cause the formation of aerosols and scattering of the sample material. The contamination hazards resulting from the dispersal of bacterial colonies and bacterially infected serum and tissue samples were investigated, and precautionary measures are recommended.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1972, Vol.33, No.7, p.488-491. Illus. 24 ref.

1971

CIS 73-11 Mautner W.J.
Laser eye effects: The subvisible retinal lesion
The purpose of these investigations, which were carried out on rabbits, was to study the effects of helium-neon and YAG (yttrium-aluminium-garnet) laser radiation on the retina at levels capable of disturbing retinal function without producing gross pathological manifestations (i.e. lesions which can be observed with the ophthalmoscope). The techniques used include electroencephalography, light microscopy, electron microscopy and autoradiography. The existence of subvisible lesions was established at exposure levels corresponding to 50% of the visible lesion exposure threshold. YAG laser exposure produced unexpected increases in the amplitude and duration of EEG potentials, a result which has not been explained. Subvisible lesions appear to be reversible.
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151, USA, 14 July 1971. 82p. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 73-8 Yanoff M.
Histopathology of argon laser-induced retinal lesions
Experiments were conducted on owls and rhesus monkeys to study the biological effects of argon (and also ruby) laser beams on the retinal areas that do not contain large blood vessels. The pigment epithelium was the most sensitive area of the retina exposed to threshold laser energies, followed by the photoreceptor and outer nuclear layers; the inner layers of the retina seemed relatively unaffected by the argon laser at threshold energies.
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151, USA. Aug. 1971. Replrt No.2. 7p. 15 ref.

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