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Noise - 2,325 entries found

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  • Noise

1974

CIS 74-1888 Harmful effects of noise at the workplace
Gehörschädigender Lärm am Arbeitsplatz [in German]
La nocivité du bruit à l'emplacement de travail. [in French]
The first part of this study reviews Swiss legislation on this subject and deals with the basic physical concepts involved and the principles of measuring noise in industry. This is followed by a part devoted to the assessment of the harmful effects of noise on hearing. The Swiss National Accident Insurance Institute considers that continuous equivalent sound pressure levels of 90dBA and above cause hearing damage. Measures for protection against noise are discussed in a subsequent part (noise control at source, reduction of sound propagation, personal protection).
Cahiers suisses de la sécurité du travail, Sep. 1973-Jan. 1974, No.113. 72p. Illus. Gratis.

CIS 74-1886 Levin E.M., Ivanov S.K., Denisov I.S.
Noise reduction in a local ventilation fan
Sniženie šuma ventiljatora mestnogo provetrivanija [in Russian]
Several sound spectra of axial-flow fans whose blades are arranged to a regular or irregular pitch are reproduced. By arranging the blades irregularly along the rim of the impeller, it is possible to reduce the aerodynamic noise level by increasing the frequency of the passage of the blades.
Bezopasnost' truda v promyšlennosti, Jan. 1974, No.1, p.48-49. Illus.

CIS 74-1884 Petrov Ju.I., Novožilov S.Ja., Horošev G.A.
Reduction of fan noise on board ships
Sposob sniženija šuma sudovyh ventiljatorov [in Russian]
A way of reducing aerodynamic noise in axial-flow fans at the design stage is described. Research carried out on flat vanes showed that by blowing secondary air into the boundary layer, it is possible to lower the sound level by 6-8dB. This adduction of secondary air can be provided automatically by the rotation of the vanes, if vent holes are drilled into them at a predetermined angle. The aerodynamic characteristics of fans modified in this way are even slightly improved.
Sudostroenie, Jan. 1974, No.1, p.26-27. Illus.

CIS 74-1878 Kidera G.J., Gaskill P.B.
Hearing threshold sensitivity in airline pilots.
A comparative audiometric survey was made utilising 1,443 commercial airline pilots and a non-pilot population. It was found that the changes in hearing sensitivity associated with age are quite similar for the pilot and non-pilot populations.
Aerospace Medicine, July 1974, Vol.45, No.7, p.780-781. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 74-1765 Measures to avoid noisy and poor lighting conditions in restaurants, etc.
Motvirkning av skadelige lyd- og lysforhold i bevertningsbedrifter m.v. [in Norwegian]
Measures to protect the staff of restaurants, night clubs, etc. against the harmful effects of noise and insufficient lighting: the noise level of music amplifiers should not exceed 85 to 90dB(A); the general lighting conditions should be such as to avoid eye strain or fatigue; adequate lighting should be maintained during the floor show or stage performance to enable waiters to perform their duties without eye strain.
Veiledning nr.4, Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet), Postboks 8103, Oslo-Dep., Norway, Apr. 1974, 3p. Gratis.

CIS 74-1593 Quist-Hanssen S.
Hearing damage due to noise
Hørselsskader fremkalt av larm [in Norwegian]
Introduction to the physics of noise, units of measurement of noise and physiology of hearing, followed by a study of the effects of noise on hearing: thresholds of discomfort and pain, tinnitus, loss of hearing assessed by pure-tone and speech audiometry. The author recommends the following methods of hearing protection: work organisation reducing the time of exposure to noise; wearing of earmuffs; use of earplugs (but not dry cottonwool plugs); periodical audiometric examinations.
Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet, Postboks 8103, Oslo-Dep., Norway, 1974. 15p. Illus. 7 ref. Gratis.

CIS 74-1581
Recommendation No.108, Central Coordinating Committee (Comité central de coordination), Paris, 11 Dec. 1973.
Noise in retail shops
Le bruit dans les magasins de commerce. [in French]
Short series of suggestions to help in controlling excess noise, particularly in large shops (sound insulation of noise sources, location of loudspeakers, background music, periods of silence, handling of goods, etc.).
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st quarter 1974, No.74, Note No.890-74-74, p.149-150.

CIS 74-1578 Seelmann H.
Study of the noise of axial piston pumps
Geräuschuntersuchungen an Axialkolbenpumpen [in German]
Sudden pressure changes in the cylinders of axial pumps produce a disturbing noise. This article contains a mathematical study of the origin of this type of noise and a description of experiments carried out to identify the noise inside a pump of this type. The results obtained demonstrate that it is possible to influence the pressure inside the cylinder and consequently the noise of the pump. Description of a constructional expedient which achieves a noise abatement of 13 dB(A). Use of copper alloys for the body of the pump as a secondary noise abatement measure.
VDI-Z, Jan. 1974, Vol.116, No.1, p.31-34. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 74-1273 Petrusewicz S.A., Longmore D.K.
Noise and vibration control for industrialists.
This book is aimed primarily at people working in industry who have little or no knowledge of noise and vibration control but who may be called upon to keep noise and vibration levels within acceptable limits. Chapters are devoted to fundamentals of noise and vibration, principles of noise and vibration control (absorbing materials, vibration isolation) and the techniques available for noise and vibration measurement. British and international standards are reviewed, and a chapter is devoted to hearing conservation. The book also presents a case study of the various noise aspects of the design of a new foundry building.
Paul Elek (Scientific Books) Ltd., 54-58 Caledonian Road, London N1 9RN, United Kingdom, 1974. 284p. Illus. Price: £6.50.

CIS 74-1271 Yeowart N.S., Evans M.J.
Thresholds of audibility for very low-frequency pure tones.
Methodology of and data resulting from research related to problems of audibility which could arise in modern transportation systems where acoustic pressures in low frequency ranges have been measured and shown to produce measurable decrement in task performance. Presented are binaural-hearing-threshold data obtained by an earphone method over the frequency rage 5-100Hz and by a whole-body chamber method over the range 2-20Hz. The results obtained are in agreement with recent reported data; the binaural to monaural listening advantages appears to remain at 3dB throughout the frequency range.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Apr. 1974, Vol.55, No.4, p.814-818. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 74-1265 Probst R.
Occupational deafness
Les surdités professionnelles [in German]
Les surdités professionnelles. [in French]
This publication, which is principally intended for medical practitioners who have not had special training in acoustics and otology, deals with the following: physical data concerning noise; sources of hazard (noise causing hearing damage); pathogenesis and clinical picture; treatment; prevention; compensation; statistics.
Maladies professionnelles, Leaflet No.12. Swiss National Accident Insurance Institute (Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt), Luzern, Switzerland, Feb. 1974, 12p. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 74-1256 Diserens A.H.
Personal noise dosimetry in refinery and chemical plants.
Surveys made at several refineries and chemical plants show that dosimeter studies are a valuable part of a hearing conservation programme. Personal noise exposure determinations using the integrating dosimeter greatly reduce the time and effort which would be required by time and motion studies.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1974, Vol.16, No.4, p.255-257.

CIS 74-693
Technical Report 3352, International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 15 Feb. 1974. 3p. 3 ref. Price: SF.10.50.
Acoustics - Assessment of noise with respect to its effect on the intelligibility of speech.
Acoustique - Evaluation du bruit en fonction de son influence sur l'intelligibilité de la parole. [in French]
Description of a practical method for assessment of the effect of noise on the intelligibility of direct verbal communications in environments with steady noise with a continuous spectrum where the influence of reverberation can be neglected. This is a simplified method for the estimation of the maximum distance between speaker and listener as a function of the noise characteristics. The band pressure level should be measured with a precision sound level meter at the position of the head of the listener in the octave bands whose centre frequencies are 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Hz. Assessment of intelligibility is done by means of a table of speech interference levels.

1973

CIS 76-73 Dumkina G.Z.
Some clinical and physiological studies of workers subjected to stable noise.
Translation of: Nekotorye kliniko-fiziologičeskie issledovanija u rabočih, podvergaju¿čihsja dejstviju stabil'nogo ¿uma. Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Moskva, USSR, Dec. 1966, Vol.10, No.12, p.23-27. 21 ref. Examination of a group of 172 male and female operators of turret lathes (noise level 82-87dB) and automatic turret lathes (noise level 92-99dB), exposed to continuous noise in the medium and higher frequencies (reaching a maximum in the 250-4,000Hz range), brought to light the prevalence of functional nervous system disorders in the shape of an asthenic-vegetative syndrome affecting 29.4% of the turret lathe operators and 43% of the automatic turret lathe operators. Functional haemodynamic changes were also noted. The extent and frequency of the changes were correlated to the noise level and duration of exposure. A number of the workers proved to be suffering from hearing loss in the high frequency range, being greatest at about 6,000Hz; the extent of the loss (15-30dB) was also proportional to noise level and duration of exposure.
Army Foreign Science and Technology Center, Charlottesville, Virginia. AD-772 449/5WJ, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151, USA, 7 Dec. 1973. 7p. 21 ref. Price: Photocopy US-$4.00/Microfiche US-$1.45.

CIS 76-71 Bierwerth K., Eppers.
Measurement and evaluation of noise in industry - The problem of noise reduction in corrugated cardboard manufacturing and transforming plants
Mesure et évaluation du bruit dans l'industrie - Le problème de la réduction du bruit dans les installations de fabrication et de transformation du carton ondulé. [in French]
Translation of: Messung und Bewertung des Betriebslärmes sowie Problematik von Schallschutzmassnahmen an Wellpappenerzeugungsanlagen und Wellpappenverarbeitungsmaschinen. Allgemeine Papier-Rundschau, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 7 June 1971, No.22, p.908-914. Illus. Corrugated cardboard machines produce noise above the permissible levels established by German and international standards, i.e. >90dBA. Details of measurements made on different machines (corrugators, laminating machines, scoring machines, slitters and cross cutters, notching and printing machines, circular shears). Noise protection measures recommended: enclosure, isolating partitions, soundproof cabins, hearing protection. Noise attenuation should be incorporated into new machines at the design stage.
Traduction INRS 106 B-73, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1973. 16p. Illus.

CIS 75-1587 Rossi G.
Critical evaluation of proposed tests for early detection of individual predisposition to noise-induced hearing loss
Valutazione critica dei tests proposti per svelare la predisposizione individuale al danno uditivo da rumore [in Italian]
Brief review of published work on individual predisposition to hearing loss, followed by a description of several audiometric tests recommended for detecting this predisposition: tone decay test, test of directional hearing beats and harmonics of the ear, stapedial reflex and temporary threshold shift. The author comments on the technical aspects of these test from the point of view of their application in practical audiometry techniques, and concludes that none of them is completely satisfactory as regards facility, practicability and reliability.
Folia medica, Sep.-Oct. 1973, Vol.61, No.9-10, p.425-437. 35 ref.

CIS 75-1581
Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium, American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1200 Moursund Avenue, Houston, Texas 77025.
Guide for conservation of hearing in noise.
The purpose of this guide is to assist physicians and the industrial community in their efforts to protect hearing. The information presented describes how to determine whether a noise exposure calls for hearing conservation practices; and, if it does, how to organise, conduct, and monitor a practical hearing conservation programme. The statements made are based on both clinical and industrial experience, and on knowledge gained from research. The booklet includes summaries of basic information about hearing loss and noise exposure, a broad outline of a hearing conservation programme, and a discussion of procedures recommended for executing the programme. An appendix refers to Hearing Loss Statutes in the United States and Canada, with a table indicating details of compensation awards for numerous types of damage in each of the 52 States and territories of the U.S. and in Canada.
Transactions of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Supplement to Rochester, Minnesota, USA, revised edition, 1973. 46p. 38 ref. Price: US-$1.00.

CIS 75-1291 Klosterkötter W., Schönpflug W., Willms W., Niemeyer W., Pfander F.
Effects of noise on man
Lärmwirkungen auf den Menschen [in German]
This special issue is devoted to the physical and psychological effects of noise on man in general, but deals also with some occupational aspects: activation of the central nervous system and the autonomic system; speech interference and difficulty in acoustic orientation; reduction of certain capacities and of alertness; effect on, and destruction of, the hearing cells of the inner ear; psychological aspects of exposure to noise on work output; noise assessment based on individual exposure; occupational deafness; assessment of noise produced by detonations.
Kampf dem Lärm, Oct. 1973, Vol.20, No.5, p.113-148. Illus. 103 ref.

CIS 75-983 Cudworth A.L.
Cutting out noise from the whole cloth: noise control in the textile industry.
The noise problem in opening, picking, carding, and filament processing is reviewed, and noise abatement measures, such as the use of resilient or damped gears and enclosures, are referred to. The main part of the article is devoted to weaving machinery: noise spectra of different weaving looms, impulse sound analysis, control of loom noise by careful adjustment of the loom and replacement of metal parts by polyurethane. A reduction in excess of 10-12dB is not likely under production conditions, an enclosure around the box or the entire loom being almost impossible because access must be provided to all parts for adjustments. Typical spectra for knitting machines are indicated, and braiding machine noise control measures (replacing the cast iron carrier bases with an injection mouldable polyurethane) described, resulting in a noise level drop of 11dB(A).
Noise Control Engineering, Bedford, USA, Summer 1973, Vol.1, No.1, p.24-31. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 75-976 Walker T.L., Feldman K.T.
Low-cost acoustical enclosure for a wood planer.
After preliminary frequency analysis of the noise source, the wood planer of a lumber mill was enclosed by particle-board panels in order to reduce operators' noise exposure to acceptable values. Fibreglass insulation was used for internal absorption. This type of enclosure is made of readily available materials, is inexpensive, causes minimum disruption in machine function and operation and proved to be effective in reducing noise exposures to harmless levels.
Sound and Vibration, Nov. 1973, Vol.7, No.11, p.34-38. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 75-694 Technician level training: Code of practice for reducing the exposure of employed persons to noise.
This data sheet, intended to encourage uniform standards and as an aid to organisations concerned with training for the purposes of the "Code of Practice for reducing the exposure of employed persons to noise" (CIS 2682-1972, Bik Qay Sgw (627)), sets out a list of topics for training technicians and safety officers, under the general headings: basic acoustics and the effects of noise on man; practical noise measurement; noise control; ear protection.
Technical Data Note 43, H.M Factory Inspectorate, Department of Employment, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London S.E.1, United Kingdom, no date. 2p. Gratis.

CIS 75-692 Babyak M.A., Kaschak M.C.
Industrial noise - A selective bibliography, 1963-1973.
The result of searches in the chief bibliographical indexes for articles on industrial noise, its measurement, effects on workers, and measures for its control, appearing in English between 1963 and June 1973. It contains 1,163 references listed by author, with an alphabetical subject index.
Industrial Health Foundation, 5231 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA, 1973. 111p. Price: US-$15.00.

CIS 75-681 Nepomuceno L.X.
Introduction to acoustics and problems connected with damage caused by noise pollution
Acústica técnica introdutória e problemas ligados aos prejuízos devidos à poluição sonora [in Portuguese]
This study of acoustics, principally as related to health damage from industrial noise, describes: the units and mathematical formulae used for measuring noise intensity; subjective acoustics; the organs of hearing (anatomical study); noise perception, measurement of loudness, decibels, phons; levels of noise pressure and of noise perception; loss of noise perception; instruments and apparatus for noise measurement; instruments for measuring level of pressure and level of sound; analysers; octave analysers; effects of excessive noise on hearing and other health damage caused; criteria for hearing protection, etc.
Revista brasileira de saúde ocupacional, Oct.-Dec. 1973, Vol.1, No.4, p.5-31. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 75-673
Gruppo di ricerca per la cibernetica del Consiglio nazionale delle recerche, Istituto di Elettronica, Pavia.
Acoustic noise and human operator
Rumore acustico ed operatore umano [in Italian]
Communications to the European symposium (Pavia, Italy, 16-20 Oct. 1972) held under the auspices of the Cybernetics Research Group of the Italian National Research Council and the University of Pavia. The first part, which is introductory, reproduces the texts of 15 communications in Italian, in which a number of Italian research workers take stock of the current state of knowledge concerning noise and its effects on the hearing system and the other organs. The second part reproduces 10 communications in English by the European participants in the symposium, reporting experience in this field in 10 European countries (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Germany (Fed.Rep.), Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia).
Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 1973. 330p. Illus. 281 ref.

CIS 75-512 Noise, vibration and exhaust gases in forestry work
Bruits, vibrations et gaz brûlés dans l'industrie forestière. [in French]
French translation of: Lärm, Vibration, Abgase bei der Waldarbeit. Die Waldarbeit, Solothurn, Switzerland, 1971, Vol.23, No.3, p.3-18. Illus. Subjects dealt with in this issue include: hearing damage caused by noise in forestry work; disorders due to use of chain saws; measurement of chain saw exhaust gases; 1971 technical report on noise and vibration measurement; noise, vibration and exhaust-gas control measures.
Traduction INRS 14 B-73, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1973. 21p. Illus.

CIS 75-376 Konarska M.
The influence of prolonged action of ultrasonic stimuli on the blood glucose level and on certain mechanisms regulating this level
Wpływ długotrwałego działania bodźców ultraakustycznych na zawartość glukozy we krwi oraz związane z tym niektóre mechanizmy regulacji [in Polish]
The author studied the effects of ultrasound on certain mechanisms regulating blood sugar in rats by exposing them to ultrasonic waves over 3h daily for 6 weeks and 6 months. He determined the levels of blood sugar, hepatic glycogen, urinary and adrenal epinephrine and urinary 17-hydroxysteroids. In view of the fall in urinary excretion of epinephrine and 17-hydroxysteroids, and the increase in hepatic glycogen levels, the author surmises that the reduction in blood sugar may be due to a slowing down in the activity of the hormones studied. The normalisation of sugar levels after one week's exposure testifies to an adaptation to the effect of the stimuli, and thus to the absence of irreversible enzymatic damage in the liver. It would be more fitting to speak of inhibition of the metabolic activity of the hormones of the pituitary-adrenal system.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1973, Vol.23, No.79, p.295-306. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 75-370 Schmidt W., Busch G.
Technical noise-control measures in large industrial projects
Mesures techniques de réduction du bruit dans les grands projets de fabrication. [in French]
French translation of: Ingenieurmässige Lärmminderung bei Grossprojekten. Stahl und Eisen, Düsseldorf, Germany (Fed.Rep.) 1971, Vol.91, No.9, p.481-487. Illus. 8 ref. Report on noise-control measures incorporated in 2 large projects at the design stage: a continuous tube-rolling mill and a large tube factory. Suppliers of machinery and cranes were required to ensure that these did not produce noise exceeding a specified level. The difficulties encountered in controlling noise are described with the aid of examples. The authors report on the substitution of a hydraulic fluid for compressed air for controlling transport installations at lower cost and with little noise.
Translation INRS 81 B-73, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1973. 22p. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 75-76 Burns W.
Noise and man.
This handbook is an introduction to the subject of noise and its effect on man and is intended for audiologists, engineers, industrial and general physicians, otologists, physicians and health physicists, safety officers, psychologists, public health officers and administrators, and deals with: the physical properties of sound; types of sound; measurement of sound; the mechanism of hearing; normal hearing and its measurement; deafness; disturbance, annoyance and effect on health; measures to reduce disturbance; temporary effects of noise on hearing; permanent effects of noise on hearing; preservation of hearing; aircraft noise; impulse noise, intense noise, ultrasound, infrasound, sonic boom and vibration; and present and future industrial and community noise. Appendices include: a glossary of acoustical terms; a guide to units of measurement; ANSI, BSI and ISO recommendations on acoustics; decibel conversion tables; calculations of sound pressures and intensities; and information on audiometry, etc.
John Murray, 50 Albemarle Street, London, United Kingdom, 2nd enlarged edition, 1973. 459p. Illus. 423 ref. Price: £5.00.

CIS 75-243 Čabák L.
Work environment in the textile industry
Technika prostredia v textilnom priemysle [in Slovak]
A report on the results of a large-scale survey of health conditions in the Czechoslovak textile industry. References to pertinent Czechoslovak standards and literature published in other countries on the subject. A distinction is drawn between old and new undertakings. The following aspects are covered: microclimate (dilemma posed by the exigencies of technical engineering factors on the one hand, and occupational health criteria on the other); dust problem in the cotton, flax and wool industries at all production stages (considerable numerical data); noise problem; lighting. Each section contains information on preventive measures (recommended or already in use).
Bezpečná práca, 1973, Vol.4, No.6, p.18-24. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 74-1890 Borredon P., Nathie J.
Physiological reactions of humans exposed to infrasound
Réactions physiologiques de sujets humains exposés à des infrasons. [in French]
To discover if air-transmitted sinusoidal mechanical vibrations (7.5Hz, 130dB) can cause physiological and particularly cardiovascular effects in man, 42 young subjects were subjected (by means of an experimental apparatus described in the article) to 3 successive types of exposure: exposure to infrasound, exposure to noise, and exposure to silence. The effects on 4 variable factors were studied: time lag in visual response, heart rate, maximum and minimum arterial tension. A discrete but significant increase in minimum arterial tension was noted.
Revue de médecine aéronautique et spatiale, 2nd quarter 1973, Vol.12, No.46, p.276-279. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 74-1887 Starikov G.A., Grjaznov V.I., Mikulinskij A.M., Koldunov V.N., Tihonov N.T., Zaharov Ju.A.
Vibration damping and silencing of a pneumatic grinder
Vibro- i šumobezopasnaja pnevmatičeskaja mašina [in Russian]
Description of a portable straight pneumatic grinder with a tubular main grip (consisting of a constant-pressure air tube) and an air-cushioned rotating sleeve-grip which serves as a control. The air tube grip has been patented in the USSR. Use of these vibration-damping handles enables the level of the vibrations transmitted to the operator's hand to be kept below the threshold limit; it also reduces the noise made by the machine, which uses 30% less compressed air than grinders with conventional grips.
Mašinostroitel', Sep. 1973, No.9, p.26. Illus.

CIS 74-1882 Jungbluth K., Meisel R.
Research on the perception of acoustic signals by workers wearing ear protectors while tamping railway sleepers
Untersuchung über die Wahrnehmung akustischer Signale unter Lärmschutzbedingungen bei Gleisstopfarbeiten und deren Schlussfolgerung [in German]
An account of research carried out in conditions close to actual working conditions, to determine whether the wearing of hearing protection while operating mechanical tampers interferes with the perception of acoustic signals. The noise emitted by the tamper was between 97 and 104dBA, necessitating the wearing of hearing protectors. It was found that the perception of acoustic signals was in fact somewhat better when a hearing protector was worn, but that the level of perception was insufficient when intense activity was being carried on. The article concludes that the signalling system used at present is inadequate and recommends the use of electric tampers, revolving or flashing light signals or ear muffs with built-in minireceivers.
Sicherheitsingenieur, Nov. 1973, Vol.4, No.11, p.544-547. Illus.

CIS 74-1881 Weiss A.
New aspects of the problem of resistance to noise
Das Problem der Lärmresistenz aus neuer Sicht [in German]
The author draws a distinction between the subjective phenomenon of "stimulation fatigue" (reduction of subjective sound loudness) in the course of noise exposure, and "hearing fatigue" (raising of threshold of hearing) following noise exposure. The experimental study described was intended to provide an answer to the question of whether adaptation and fatigue are the results of 2 phenomena or only one. The influence of the central nervous system on these 2 phenomena is examined. It appears that hearing fatigue is not conditioned by the central nervous system, as is the case with adaptation. A good degree of adaptability could give rise to the phenomenon designated as "resistance to noise". In conclusion, it is recommended that persons with a good degree of adaptability should be selected for employment in a noisy environment.
Sichere Arbeit, Dec. 1973, Vol.26, No.4, p.10-13. Illus.

CIS 74-1880 Daull P.
A soundproofed pile and sheet driver
Une sonnette insonorisée pour le fonçage des pieux et palplanches. [in French]
Description of a British system for reducing the noise emitted in pile and sheet driving. The ram and the pile are enclosed in a sheet-metal casing of prismatic cross-section covered by plastic soundproofing material. Tests carried out on construction sites showed that the noise level at 15m from the enclosed pile driver did not exceed 70dBA, compared to a level of 100-110dBA with a non-enclosed pile driver, all other conditions being equal.
Travail et sécurité, Oct. 1973, No.10, p.478-479. Illus.

CIS 74-1879 Speck J.
Measurement of continuous noise from earthmoving equipment
Ermittlung des Dauerschallpegels bei Erdbaumaschinen [in German]
To determine the noise exposure of workers operating earthmoving equipment, it was necessary to find a method enabling noise at the driver's seat to be measured easily. For this purpose the noise emitted by a wheeled loader was measured under different conditions of use. The results show that the manner of driving the equipment has a noticeable effect on the noise level. It was found that the sound levels determined when the engine was in neutral and running at its rated speed were comparable with the average level calculated for the entire working day.
Tiefbau-Berufsgenossenschaft, Aug. 1973, Vol.85, No.8, p.414-418. Illus.

CIS 74-1876 Sataloff J., Michael P.L.
Hearing conservation.
This book provides general information for non-specialists on auditory physiology, noise-induced hearing loss, audiometry, noise measurement and the techniques available to solve common noise problems. Other topics covered include noise criteria and legal aspects of occupational hearing loss in the USA, physics of sound, personal protective devices and the organisation of hearing conservation programmes.
Charles C. Thomas, 301-327 East Lawrence Avenue, Springfield, Illinois, USA, 1973. 365p. Illus. 237 ref. Price: US-$14.95.

CIS 74-1591 Directives for the control of industrial noise by sound insulation, acoustic absorption and sound screens in establishments under the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering
Ukazanija po sniženiju proizvodstvennogo šuma na predprijatijah Ministerstva tjaželogo, ėnergetičeskogo i transportnogo mašinostroenija metodami zvukoizoljacii, zvukopogloščenija i ėkranirovanija istočnika zvuka [in Russian]
These directives, based on laboratory research and published data, are subdivided as follows: sound pressure expressed in dB; standardisation and measurement of industrial noise (conditions and procedures, measuring instruments); noise abatement by sound absorption (bases for calculation and examples, table of absorption coefficients for various materials, baffles and suspended screens); noise abatement by sound insulation (bases for calculation and examples, noise attenuation parameters of certain materials, recommendations for practical use); noise control by sound shielding; use of earmuffs and earplugs; typical noise levels measured at various workposts (forging shops, deep-drawing and blanking shops, metalworking shops, foundries, welding shops, woodworking, etc.).
All-Union Central Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (Vsesojuznyj central'nyj naučno-issledovatel'skij institut ohrany truda), Obolenskij per.10, Moskva, USSR, 1973. 72p. 18 ref. Price: Rbl.0.24.

CIS 74-1590 Čumak P.N., Minin B.A., Falin N.I.
Apparatus for the integral evaluation of exposure to noise
Pribor dlja integral'noj gigieničeskoj ocenki šumov [in Russian]
Description of a noise-exposure meter capable of recording the total acoustic energy emitted in a work environment, or to which an individual worker is exposed. The acoustic energy picked up by the microphone is transformed into electrical energy which acts upon a drop of mercury-salt electrolyte, causing its displacement within a capillary tube integrated into a coulometer. The rate of displacement of the electrolyte is in direct proportion to the incident acoustic energy. By means of an integrator, the instrument provides a direct reading of the total acoustic energy captured during a work shift, a work day or a whole month, the energy being expressed in µWh/cm2.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, July 1973, No.7, p.48-50. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 74-1589 Gel'tiščeva E.A.
Influence of industrial noise of different intensities on the acoustic analyser and the central nervous system of young workers
Vlijanie proizvodstvennogo šuma različnyh parametrov na sluhovoj analizator i central'nuju nervnuju sistemu rabočih-podrostkov [in Russian]
Results of pure-tone audiometry and reflex measurement tests with optical and acoustic stimuli carried out on 56 young workers aged 16 to 19 exposed to noise levels of 85, 80 and 65dB in metalworking shops. The results are given in tabular form. The author found a direct relationship between functional disorders and noise levels. A noise level of 80dB, which is threshold limit value for adults, has too great an effect on young persons and causes serious functional disturbances.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, July 1973, No.7, p.5-9. 20 ref.

CIS 74-1588 Elvhammar H.
Noise control measures at the workplace
Tekniska åtgärder för att bekämpa buller på arbetsplatsen [in Swedish]
Introductory considerations on noise damage and personal hearing protection are followed by examples of noise control measures: noise attenuation at source (silencing compressed-air valves and outlets, sand-filled damping panels); noise reflection barriers (enclosure of source); reduction of noise propagation (sound absorbing surfaces). The difficulties met with in noise-control practice are also dealt with (interference with technological requirements, economic aspects, etc.). The procedure to be followed in noise control is outlined: noise-field mapping; fixing the noise reduction aim to be attained; choice of measure (redesign or correction of existing equipment).
Ehkäise tapaturmia - Förebygg olycksfall, 1973, No.6, p.4-8. Illus.

CIS 74-1586 Precision sound level meters - Additional characteristics for the measurement of impulsive sounds.
Sonomètres de précision - Caractéristiques supplémentaires pour la mesure des bruits impulsifs. [in French]
This recommendation specifies the characteristics of an apparatus for measuring sounds of short duration, single impulses and sequences of impulses (general characteristics, detection of overload, detector characteristics, characteristics of the indicating instrument, optional characteristics). This apparatus is suitable for measuring impulsive sounds when the purpose is to obtain a value representative of the approximate loudness. A block diagram of an impulse sound level meter and an account of tests of the overload and detection characteristics are appended.
Publication 179A, International Electrotechnical Commission, 1 rue de Varembé, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1973. 21p. Illus. Price: SF.27.00.

CIS 74-1585 Muldoon T.L.
Response variations of a microphone worn on the human body.
The purpose of this investigation was to assess variations in the response of microphones worn by workers during all or part of a shift to monitor their noise exposure directly, and to suggest optimum placement and orientation of the microphone. After a review of the literature, the experimental procedure, apparatus and results are described. The experiments were conducted in the free-field conditions of an anechoic chamber with broad band noise as the acoustic stimulus. Results suggest that locating the microphone on top of the subject's shoulder, with its axis parallel to the body axis, should yield data comparable to those obtained using a sound-level meter.
Report of Investigation 7810, Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA, 1973. 42p. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 74-1584 Warburton G.B., Scanlan R.H., Wardlaw R.L., Karnopp D.C., Northwood T., Snowdon J.C., Sadek M.M., Tobias S.A., Junger M.C., Vér I.L., Eshleman R.L., Carmichael J.B., Von Gierke H.E.
Isolation of mechanical vibration, impact, and noise.
Proceedings of a colloquium held at the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference (Cincinnati, Ohio, Sep. 1973), comprising papers on: reduction of the vibration response of complex structures; reduction of flow-induced structural vibrations; active and passive isolation of random vibration; isolation of building structures from ground vibration; isolation of machinery vibration from non-rigid substructures using multiple antivibration mountings; reduction of machine tool vibration; effectiveness of resilient elements for noise versus vibration control; reduction of noise by acoustic enclosures; high-performance shock isolation systems; biodynamic applications regarding isolation of humans from shock and vibration.
AMD-Vol.1, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017, USA, 1973. 270p. Illus. 226 ref. Price: US-$25.00.

CIS 74-1732 Goodier J.L., Boudreau E., Coletta G., Lucas R.
Arthur D. Little Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA, 26 June 1973.
Industrial health and safety criteria for abrasive blast cleaning operations.
This report embodies the detailed findings of a comprehensive survey of 22 abrasive blasting installations (equipment used, dust exposure of employees, ventilation and dust removal facilities, noise exposure, vision impairment and general safety hazards). Both portable and stationary machines are included in the survey. Existing USA standards are reviewed, the conditions found are presented and discussed, and recommendations are made for their improvement, particularly as regards the control of airborne dust.
Contract HSM 99-72-82, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20582, USA. 205p. Illus.

CIS 74-1579 Roszak E.
Hazards due to infrasound
Nuisances dues aux infrasons. [in French]
MD thesis. A review of the anatomy and physiology of the ear and auditory canal is followed by general remarks on infrasound and low-frequency sound vibrations (production, detection, physical effects), a study of the conditions of work of a group of telephone exchange operators exposed to infrasound produced by fans, and an account of their clinical and paraclinical symptoms. The following chapter summarises, referring to the work of other authors, the organic effects of infrasound (ear; blood circulation; blood, endocrinal and nervous reactions, etc.). The only efficient means of controlling infrasound is by suppression at source by modifying the emission frequency or by emitting an infrasound identical in frequency and intensity, but half a wavelength out of phase.
Faculté de médecine, Lille, France, 1973. 59p. Illus. 32 ref.

CIS 74-1577 Gerhardsson G.
Noise - source, spreading, injurious effects, protection
Buller - Uppkomst, spridning, störning, skydd [in Swedish]
General description of the harmful effects of noise to the general public and how the individual can protect himself against them. Contents: physics of sound; the organs of hearing; effects of noise on man; noise measurement; household noise; noise at the workplace; street noise; overhead noise. The latest Swedish standards on the subject and various noise assessment standards in preparation are mentioned.
Bonniers, Stockholm, Sweden, 1973. 192p. Illus. 29 ref. Price: Swe-cr.29.00

CIS 74-1270 Anitesco C., Bubuianu E., Contulesco A.
Interaction of catecholamines and electrolytes in industrial noise-vibration injury
Interaction des catécholamines et des électrolytes dans le traumatisme sonore-vibratoire industriel. [in French]
Description of investigations carried out among 100 workers engaged in locksmith, welding, riveting and assembly work, using vibrating tools (600-2,000Hz) and exposed to noise levels between 82 and 86dB, rising to 105dB in certain circumstances. The results were compared with those of 20 controls. A significant increase in the urinary excretion of catecholamines (adrenalin and noradrenalin) and potassium among exposed workers shows an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Bilateral deafness was observed in 48% of the cases.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, Sep. 1973, Vol.34, No.9, p.503-510. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 74-1268 Thurneysen A.
Acute pancochlear hearing impairments, in particular those caused by noise
Akute pancochleäre Höreinbussen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Auslösung durch Lärm [in German]
This thesis contains an analysis of 30 cases of pancochlear hearing impairment reported in 5 years to the Swiss National Accident Insurance Institute; 23 cases were of occupational origin. Data include age, medical history, type of occupational exposure to noise and cause of impairment, subjective symptoms, results of ear, nose and throat examinations and diagnosis. Pathogenesis is discussed in the light of existing literature. It seems that a distinction cannot be made between acute pancochlear hearing impairment caused by noise and an impairment not caused by noise, and that only the intensity of the noise is decisive. Considerations on treatment, prevention and medico-legal aspects.
Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1973. 60p. Illus. 33 ref.

CIS 74-1264 Peretc V.B., Voskobojnik A.M., Sorokina V.K., Kačanova L.G.
Controlling the noise of tubes falling in storage troughs
Bor'ba s šumom pri padenii trub v nakopitel'nye karmany [in Russian]
The final phase in the manufacture of rolled or welded tubes calls for the storage of the tubes (inspection, sorting and bundling), which requires the use of holding posts in the form of metal troughs. The authors describe a gradually opening accumulator which reduces the falling height of the tubes and, consequently, the impact noise, and storage troughs in a sorting table, lined with a plastic soundproofing layer. The results of noise level measurements at different frequencies and for various impact conditions are given.
Naučnye raboty institutov ohrany truda VCSPS, 1973, No.84, p.39-42. Illus.

CIS 74-1263 Rossi M., Sfogliano C.
Observations on the prevention of hypacusia due to prolonged auditory trauma
Rilievi sulla prevenzione della ipoacusia da trauma acustico continuato [in Italian]
On the basis of the audiological data of workers in a steelworks, the authors recommend to pay particular attention in preventive medical examinations to the pharmacological anamnesis of the persons concerned. Among the workers examined and particularly among those with the most marked auditory impairment, gastro-intestinal disorders treated by different drugs not considered ototoxic were found. Systematic research in this direction is suggested to collect sufficient observations to identify which drugs make the ear most vulnerable to noise.
Folia medica, Jan.-Feb. 1973, Vol.56, No.1-2, p.24-33. Illus.

CIS 74-1261 Kavoussi N.
The relationship between the length of exposure to noise and the incidence of hypertension at a silo in Terran.
Following research on the effects of noise carried out on animals, which showed in particular an increase in arterial blood pressure, it was decided to study humans who had been exposed to a noisy environment for a long time. The case histories were collected of 465 workers in a Teheran granary; these were given clinical examinations. This study showed that, among workers over 40, prolonged exposure to noise could be an important cause of arterial hypertension.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1973, Vol.64, No.7-8, p.292-295. 4 ref.

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