Passive smoking - 136 entries found

Your search criteria are

• Passive smoking

1999

CIS 01-168 Environmental exposure to benzene
This report provides a review of health risks from environmental exposure to benzene. A method is described that allows the estimation of the daily absorbed dose of benzene for a range of individuals representative of different life-styles and occupations. The current understanding of the relationship between exposure to benzene and the occurence of leukaemia is summarized.
CONCAWE, Madouplein, 1210 Brussels, Belgium, Oct. 1999. iv, 34p. Illus. 52 ref.

CIS 01-118 Wang M.L., Pestonk E.L., Beekman L.A., Wagner G.R.
Clinically-important FEV₁ declines among coal miners: An exploration of previously unrecognized determinants
The relation between occupational exposure to dust and loss of ventilatory lung function is well established. However, other exposures may also be important. This study was performed in 264 underground coal miners whose lung function had been followed up for an average of 11 years. They were asked by questionnaire about their occupational and non-occupational exposures, smoking, personal and family medical history, and living conditions during childhood. Several variables of the mining environment were found to be associated with excess decline in FEV₁, including work in roof bolting, exposure to explosive blasting, and to water sprayed for dust control. Other factors included smoking, body mass, weight gain, childhood pneumonia, and childhood exposure in the home to passive tobacco smoke and smoke from wood and coal fuels. These additional risk factors may be useful in developing approaches to the prevention of chronic respiratory disease.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1999, Vol.56, No.12, p.837-844. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 00-895 Shaffer H.J., Vander Bilt J., Hall M.N.
Gambling, drinking, smoking and other health risk activities among casino employees
A sample of full-time casino employees was surveyed about gambling, drinking, smoking and other health risk behaviours. Respondents were also asked about their use of the employee assistance program (EAP) and perceived obstacles towards using the EAP. Casino employees were found to have a higher prevalence of past-year pathological gambling behaviour than the general adult population, a lower prevalence of past-year problem gambling and a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol abuse and depression. The majority of non-smoking respondents in this sample were exposed to second-hand smoke. Employees reported low participation in the company's EAP. The results of this study suggest that casino management should consider improving problem gambling screening for employees who visit EAPs, even if employees present other problems (e.g., alcohol problems) as their primary concerns, increasing employees' awareness of EAPs, increasing health promotion and education through channels other than company EAPs, and creating smoke-free working areas.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1999, Vol.36, No.3, p.365-378. 37 ref.

CIS 00-813 Henn M.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin
List of threshold limit values in air for substances with carcinogenic or mutagenic effects or toxicity to reproduction
Verzeichnis von Luftgrenzwerten und krebserzeugenden, erbgutverändernden oder fortpflanzungsgefährdenden Stoffen [in German]
This monograph provides a listing of harmful substances, their threshold limit values in air, and their classification with respect to carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and toxicity for reproduction. CAS, European EINECS and ELINCS registry numbers are also provided. This list contains all the substances of Appendix VI No.4 of the Council Directive 67/548/EEC (CIS 87-1162).
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 74-76, Postfach 10 11 10, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1999. 149p. 20 ref.

CIS 00-191
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Health effects of interactions between tobacco use and exposure to other agents
This criteria document gives an overview of the health effects of interactions between tobacco use and exposure to other agents. Smoking and passive smoking is a health hazard, inducing acute and chronic respiratory diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Smoking increases the toxic effects of exposure to certain agents (coal dust, pesticides); there may also be a synergistic effect (asbestos, silica, arsenic, radiation) or an antagonistic effect (chloromethylethers). Summaries in French and Spanish.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1999. xx, 149p. approx. 600 ref. Price: CHF 36.00 (CHF 25.20 in developing countries).

CIS 00-81 Working with smokers
Travailler avec des fumeurs [in French]
Roken op het werk [in Dutch]
Information booklet on tobacco smoking at work, with reference to legislation in Belgium. Contents: overview; enterprise policies; strategic options (prohibition of smoking, taking into consideration local conditions, consulting and involving workers, evaluation and follow-up of the chosen policy); complementary measures; the situation in practice; list of useful addresses. Replaces CIS 97-71.
Ministère fédéral de l'emploi et du travail, 51 rue Belliard, 1040 Bruxelles, Belgium, Feb. 1999. 23p. 4 ref.

CIS 00-155 Lindgren T., Willers S., Skarping G., Norbäck D.
Urinary cotinine concentration in flight attendants, in relation to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during intercontinental flights
24 cabin attendants (C/A) and one pilot, all non-smokers and without exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home, were studied in order to measure and compare urinary cotinine concentration (U-cotinine) before, during and after work on intercontinental flights with exposure to ETS. Information on age, gender and occupation was gathered, as well as possible sources of ETS exposure in other places, outside work and during previous flights, during a 3-day period prior to the investigation. Urine samples were taken before departure, on board, and after landing. The median U-cotonine was 3.71µg/g crea before departure and 6.37µg/g crea after landing. Tobacco smoking in commercial aircraft may cause significant exposure to ETS among C/A working in the aft galley, despite high air exchange rates and spatial separation between smokers and non-smokers. Since smoking in commercial aircraft may result in an involuntary exposure to ETS among non-smokers, it should be avoided.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Oct. 1999, Vol.72, No.7, p.475-479. 35 ref.

CIS 99-1480 Tobacco, alcohol and hand hygiene
Tabac, alcool et hygiène des mains [in French]
Roken, alcohol and handen wassen [in Dutch]
Topics: alcoholism; Belgium; data sheet; legislation; passive smoking; personal hygiene; plant safety and health organization; smoking; training material.
PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999. 4p. Illus. 5 ref.

1998

CIS 99-1588 Eisner M.D., Smith A K., Blanc P.D.
Bartenders' respiratory health after establishment of smoke-free bars and taverns
A cohort of bartenders was interviewed before and after prohibition of smoking in all bars and taverns by the state of California. Spirometric assessment included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC). At baseline, all 53 bartenders reported workplace environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. After the smoking ban, self-reported ETS exposure at work declined from a median of 28 to 2 hours per week. Thirty-nine bartenders initially reported respiratory symptoms. Of those symptomatic at baseline, 23 no longer had symptoms at follow-up. Forty-one bartenders initially reported sensory irritation symptoms. At follow-up, 32 of these subjects had resolution of symptoms. After prohibition of workplace smoking, improvement in mean FVC was observed and, to a lesser extent, mean FEV₁. Complete cessation of workplace ETS exposure was associated with improved mean FVC and mean FEV₁ after controlling for personal smoking and recent upper respiratory tract infections. Topics: California; cohort study; controlled smoking; dose-response relationship; exposure evaluation; maximal expiratory flow; one-second forced expiratory volume; passive smoking; pulmonary function; respiratory diseases; smoking; spirometry; ventilatory capacity; waiters, waitresses and bartenders.
Journal of the American Medical Association, Dec. 1998, Vol.280, No.22, p.1909-1914. 65 ref.

CIS 99-484 Primary prevention of cancer - Carcinogens in the general and occupational environment - Proceedings of the national seminar, Florence, 17 April 1997
La prevenzione primaria dei tumori - Presupposti scientifici e strategie operative - Atti del seminario nazionale, Firenze, 17 aprile 1997 [in Italian]
Topics: cancer; carcinogens; benzo(a)pyrene; benzene; conference; electromagnetic fields; genetic screening; haemic and lymphatic diseases; Italy; legislation; medical prevention; passive smoking; ultraviolet radiation.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1998, Vol.89, No.2, p.94-187. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 99-554 Phillips K., Bentley M.C., Howard D.A., Alván G.
Assessment of environmental tobacco smoke and respirable suspended particle exposures for nonsmokers in Prague using personal monitoring
Air samples were collected from the breathing zone of nonsmokers wearing personal monitors for 24h. Samples were analysed for respirable suspended particles, nicotine, 3-ethenylpyridine and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) particles. Saliva cotinine analyses were also undertaken to confirm the nonsmoking status of the subjects. Highest exposures were apparent for office workers both working and living in smoking environments. Findings suggest a significant contribution to overall ETS particle and nicotine levels from the workplace where smoking takes place. Topics: airborne dust; cotinine; nicotine; Czech Republic; determination in air; determination in saliva; exposure evaluation; passive smoking; personal sampling; respirable dust.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sep. 1998, Vol.71, No.6, p.379-390. Illus. 24 ref.

CIS 98-1376 Trout D., Decker J., Mueller C., Bernert J.T., Pirkle J.
Exposure of casino employees to environmental tobacco smoke
Topics: cotinine; nicotine; casinos; determination in air; determination in blood; determination in urine; exposure evaluation; passive smoking; respirable dust.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 1998, Vol.40. No.3, p.270-276. 29 ref.

1997

CIS 97-952 Proposal for a data sheet on tobacco smoke
Proposition de fiche toxicologique de la fumée du tabac [in French]
Contents of this data sheet on tobacco smoke: description; short-term exposure effects; long-term exposure effects; fire and explosion hazards; ventilation; regulations; control; training and information.
European Union of Nonsmokers, 14 rue de Sébastopol, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Confédération française des travailleurs chrétiens, 13 rue des Ecluses Saint-Martin, 75010 Paris, France, Jan. 1997. 4p. Illus. 13 ref.

1996

CIS 97-892 Shaham J., Meltzer A., Ashkenazi R., Ribak J.
Biological monitoring of exposure to cadmium, a human carcinogen, as a result of active and passive smoking
Levels of blood cadmium and urine cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) were determined as biological markers of exposure to cigarette smoke in a group of workers comprising 47 active smokers, 46 passive smokers, and 65 unexposed nonsmokers. The mean blood cadmium levels in the active and passive smokers were significantly higher than in the unexposed nonsmokers. The mean cotinine level was significantly higher in active smokers than in the passive smokers or nonsmokers. Exposure to cigarette smoke is harmful in both active and passive smokers and is a confounder to be taken into account in epidemiologic studies and surveillance programmes on cadmium-exposed workers.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 1996, Vol.38, No.12, p.1220-1228. 64 ref.

CIS 97-544 Bergman T.A., Johnson D.L., Boatright D.T., Smallwood K.G., Rando R.J.
Occupational exposure of nonsmoking nightclub musicians to environmental smoke
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in three nightclubs was assessed using total suspended particulate (TSP), the ultraviolet absorbing fraction of TSP (UVPM), gaseous nicotine, saliva nicotine, saliva cotinine, and perceived smokiness as exposure/dose indicators. Measured exposures were as high as, or higher than, those of other occupational groups studied, including bartenders and waitresses. UVPM levels were associated with gaseous and saliva nicotine concentrations. Correlation of TSP with UVPM and with gaseous and saliva nicotine was poor, suggesting that TSP should not be used as the sole indicator of ETS exposure. Saliva nicotine did not appear to be a reliable indicator of absorbed dose.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1996, Vol.57, No.8, p.746-752. 27 ref.

CIS 96-2203 Akbar-Khanzadeh F., Greco T.M.
Health and social concerns of restaurant/bar workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke
Smoking (22) and non-smoking (21) workers were surveyed by means of interviews to assess their reactions to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in three restaurant settings. There was a significant difference between the non-smokers and the smokers in their attitudes towards ETS in workplace (non-smokers showed more health symptoms and anti-smoking attitudes than smokers). Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations ranged from 1 to 23ppm; carbon dioxide (CO₂) from 100 to 6,000ppm and nitrogen oxides were in practice non detectable. Levels of CO increased during the entire workshift, CO₂ levels increased when workplaces were more crowded. Designation of non-smoking sectors did not seem to reduce workers' exposure.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1996, Vol.87, No.2, p.122-132. Illus. 33 ref.

CIS 96-1915 Cipriáin Chocarro C., Lázcoz Rojas J.L., Lezáun Eslava M., Pangua Cerrillo S.
Smoking in the enterprise
El hábito tabáquico en la empresa [in Spanish]
Survey of smoking in a large Spanish enterprise (306 employees). A sample of 280 workers was investigated by a questionnaire survey (269 valid responses). Distribution by smoking habits (48% smokers, 16% ex-smokers, the rest non-smokers). Three major methods are recommended in order to avoid passive smoking by non-smokers: physical separation of the two categories of workers; complete prohibition of smoking in the workplace; installation of smoke extraction equipment and appropriate ventilation.
Prevención, Jan.-Mar. 1996, No.135, p.43-50. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 96-1759 Boffetta P., Vainio H., Saracci R.
Epidemiology versus a smoke screen
This brief communication criticizes recent statements by the European tobacco industry that available epidemiological evidence does not support an association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of lung cancer. An evaluation by a tobacco-financed group of experts in other scientific disciplines is criticized for its inaccurate interpretation of epidemiological studies. Evaluations by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) conclude that passive smoking gives rise to some risk of cancer.
Lancet, 10 Aug. 1996, Vol.348, No.9024, p.410. 4 ref.

CIS 96-1378 Aviado D.M.
Cardiovascular disease and occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Results of chemical analysis, animal experiments and human studies are reviewed and found not to support claims of an association between workers' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and occupational coronary heart disease. Based on current OSHA practices for the regulation of emissions from other complex mixtures, it is proposed that ETS levels be regulated by monitoring levels of its surrogates, particularly nicotine, carbon monoxide, benzo(a)pyrene and carbon disulfide, substances associated with cardiovascular disease. Data indicate that the levels of these substances potentially arising from ETS do not approach their respective permissible exposure limits. Further regulation of ETS to prevent cardiovascular disease does not appear to be warranted.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1996, Vol.57, No.3, p.285-294. 75 ref.

CIS 96-190 Harber P., Schenker M.B., Balmes J.R.
Occupational and environmental respiratory disease
Contents of this manual: history of occupational and environmental respiratory disease; clinical and epidemiologic methods; exposure assessment methods; general disease categories; agents causing various respiratory diseases (asbestos, man-made fibres and nonasbestos fibrous silicates, nonfibrous inorganic dusts, coal, silica, cotton dust, organic solvents, metals, acute gaseous exposure, ionizing radiation, infectious organisms, diesel exhaust); industries associated with respiratory disease (agriculture, forestry products, mining, foundries and steelmaking, petroleum, electric power generation, welding, electronics and semiconductors, hospitals and laboratories, diving, aerospace); environmental health effects (environmental tobacco smoke, indoor and outdoor air pollution); clinical programmes; regulatory and policy issues; workplace control strategies (respirators, exposure control).
Mosby-Year Book Inc., 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63146, USA, 1996. xviii, 1038p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 110.00.

1995

CIS 96-230 Hammond S.K., Sorensen G., Youngstrom R., Ockene J.K.
Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
A survey was carried out to measure the average weekly concentration of environmental tobacco smoke in 23 worksites in Massachusetts, USA. Approximately 25 samplers were placed in each worksite for a week. Nicotine concentrations fell from a median of 8.6µg/m³ in the open offices at worksites that allowed smoking to 1.3µg/m³ in sites that restricted smoking, and to 0.3µg/m³ in worksites that banned smoking. Non-office workspaces were similarly affected. Results indicate that occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke presents a substantial risk to workers in the absence of a policy restricting or banning smoking.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 27 Sep. 1995, Vol.274, No.12, p.956-960. Illus. 30 ref.

1994

CIS 96-112 What everyone should know about smoking at work
Training booklet on how to deal with smoking in the workplace. Main topics: hazards of active and passive smoking; positive results of reducing or elimination of smoking in the workplace (including organizational savings); tips on how to quit smoking.
Scriptographic Publications Ltd., Channing House, Butts Road, Alton, Hants GU34 1ND, United Kingdom, 1994. 15p. Illus. Price: GBP 0.55-0.94 (depending on number of Scriptographic booklets ordered). ###

CIS 95-547 Cottica D., Imbriani M.
Proceedings of the 13th National Conference of the Italian Association of Industrial Hygienists
Atti - 13° Congresso Nazionale dell'Associazione Italiana degli Igienisti Industriali [in Italian]
Proceedings of a conference held in Turin (Italy), 20-22 June 1994. There were four sessions: asbestos (6 papers); environmental lead (8 papers); the indoor environment and physical agents (16 papers, dealing with harmful substances and biological agents spread by air conditioning, organic aerosols, passive smoking, environmental monitoring, microclimate of steam locomotives, lighting environment of VDU workplaces, hypotheses for the calculation of exposure limits, noise and its effects); free topics (17 papers, dealing with, among others: dust, man-made mineral fibres, biological monitoring of various substances, emission of benzene by polymers, determination of cobalt in the environment, expert system for safety in a robot environment, exposure limits for welding fumes). A poster session was also held (21 posters).
Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, Via P. Azzario 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy, 1994. 243p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 95-271
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (Worksafe Australia)
Guidance note on passive smoking in the workplace
Contents of this guidance note: passive smoking as a risk to occupational health and safety (adverse health effects, legal aspects); assessment of risk in the workplace; control of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (establishment of a smoke-free workplace, use of designated smoking areas, engineering controls, administrative controls); implementation of a workplace policy.
Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, July 1994. vii, 28p. 19 ref.

CIS 94-1975 Fontham E.T.H., Correa P., Reynolds P., Wu-Williams A., Buffler P.A., Greenberg R.S., Chen V.W., Alterman T., Boyd P., Austin D.F., Liff J.
Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in nonsmoking women - A multicenter study
A multicentre population-based case-control study to determine the relative risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was carried out in five metropolitan areas in the USA. Tobacco use by spouses was associated with a 30% excess risk of lung cancer. The excess risk of lung cancer among women ever exposed to ETS during adult life in the household was 24%, in the workplace 39%, and in social settings 50%. When these sources were considered jointly, an increasing risk of lung cancer with increasing duration of exposure was observed.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 8 June 1994, Vol.271, No.22, p.1752-1759. 50 ref.

1993

CIS 97-71 Working with smokers
Travailler avec des fumeurs [in French]
Roken op het werk [in Dutch]
Contents of this training booklet on the prevention of harmful effects of smoking in the workplace: overview; policies by the enterprise; Belgian legislation concerning the matter; strategic options (prohibition of smoking, taking into consideration local conditions, consulting and involving workers, evaluation and follow-up of the chosen policy); additional material measures that may be taken; the situation in practice; references to Belgian legislation applying to smoking in the workplace. List of useful addresses.
Commissariaat-generaal voor de Bevordering van de Arbeid, Ministerie van Tewerkstelling en Arbeid, Belliardstraat 51, Bureau A 438, 1040 Brussel, Belgium, 1993. 26p. 5 ref.

CIS 95-1259 Information for enterprise management: Non-smoking workplaces
Information pour les directions d'entreprises - Place de travail sans fumée [in French]
Eine information für Betriebsleitungen: Nichtrauchen am Arbeitsplatz [in German]
Informazioni per le direzioni aziendali: Non si fuma sui posti di lavoro [in Italian]
This brochure provides brief guidance on how managers can create a smoke-free working environment.
Association suisse contre la tuberculose et les maladies pulmonaires (ASTP), Falkenplatz 9, Case postale, 3001 Berne, Switzerland; and Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1993. 12p. Illus.

CIS 95-1345 Hirsch A., Goldberg M., Martin J.-P., Masse R.
Prevention of respiratory diseases
Contents of this university-level manual: epidemiology of occupational respiratory hazards; occupational factors of lung cancer, upper respiratory tract cancers and sinonasal cancers; epidemiology of pleural cancer; occupational asthma; occupational exposure and chronic nonspecific lung disease; genetic susceptibility to lung cancer and environmental risk factors; measurement of occupational exposure and prevention; environmental sources of respiratory diseases (radon, multipollutant airborne particulates, air-conditioned buildings, airborne allergens, indoor and outdoor air pollution); biological markers; tobacco and respiratory diseases (environmental tobacco smoke, tobacco as a respiratory carcinogen).
Marcel Dekker Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA, 1993. xxvi, 693p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Indexes. Price: USD 199.00.

CIS 93-1945 Siegel M.
Involuntary smoking in the restaurant workplace: A review of employee exposure and health effects
Evidence from published studies of indoor air quality indicates that levels of environmental tobacco smoke in restaurants are approximately 1.6 to 2.0 times higher than in office workplaces of other businesses and 1.5 times higher than in residences with at least one smoker. Levels in bars are 3.9 to 6.1 times higher than in offices and 4.4 to 4.5 times higher than in residences. Published epidemiological evidence suggests that there may be a 50% increase in lung cancer risk among food-service workers that is in part attributable to tobacco exposure in the workplace.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 28 July 1993, Vol.270, No.4, p.490-493. 42 ref.

CIS 93-1643 Seifert B., van de Wiel H.J., Dodet B., O'Neill I.K.
National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (Netherlands)
Environmental carcinogens. Methods of analysis and exposure measurement. Volume 12 - Indoor air
This volume reviews the scientific background to the problem of analysis and exposure measurement of environmental carcinogens and the approaches available for analysing the agents covered. Introductory chapters cover: the effects of indoor air pollution on human health; sources of pollution in indoor air; indoor concentrations of environmental carcinogenss; indoor air controls; bioassay of complex mixtures of indoor air pollutants; sampling and analytical procedures; exposure assessments from field studies. Methods and protocols for indoor air pollutants are described for radon and radon-daughters, asbestos, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, environmental tobacco smoke, respirable particles, carbon monoxide and pesticides.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France, 1993. xiii, 384p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

1992

CIS 95-385
Labour Canada
Legislation of the Federal Jurisdiction [Canada]
Législation de l'administration fédérale [Canada] [in French]
This is a list of Canadian federal legislation (Acts and Regulations) concerning occupational safety and health related matters. The following subjects are covered: atomic energy and radioactive substances; pest control products; hazardous products and information on them; oil exploration and drilling (off-shore and on public land); environmental protection; general safety and health (in the federal civil service, in coal and uranium mines, and in transportation vehicles and vessels); passive smoking; transportation safety; pipelines; the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS).
Canadian OSH Legislation CD-ROM, CCOHS, 250 Main Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1992. 9p.

CIS 93-1991 Leslie G.B., Lunau F.W.
Indoor air pollution. Problems and priorities
Contents of this manual: introduction to indoor air pollution problems; the perception of indoor air quality; legionella; bacteria, fungi and other micro-organisms; the oxides of nitrogen; mineral fibres; radon; formaldehyde; hazards from solvents, pesticides and PCBs; vegetable dusts and lung disease; danders, etc. from domestic and laboratory animals; environmental tobacco smoke; industrial environments; extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation; contributions from outdoor pollutants; ventilation for control of airborne pollutants. Each chapter covers exposure levels, sources of pollution and routes of uptake, health effects, control measures and regulatory guidelines.
Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Kingdom, 1992. xi, 329p. Index. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 45.00; USD 84.95.

CIS 93-1930 Rando R.J., Menon P.K., Poovey H.G., Lehrer S.B.
Assessment of multiple markers of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in controlled, steady-state atmospheres in a dynamic test chamber
Controlled test atmospheres of sidestream and mixed mainstream/sidestream tobacco smoke were produced in a dynamic test chamber. For each target level of smoke, a "smoke index" was calculated as the number of cigarettes being smoked divided by the dilution flow rate. Ultraviolet light-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM); aerosol counts and size distribution; and concentrations of CO, NO₂, NH₃, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and nicotine were determined in the test atmospheres and background dilution air. Parameters exhibiting the highest correlations with smoke index included UVPM, aerosol counts, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde. The levels of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and CO were significantly higher in mixed mainstream/sidestream smoke than in sidestream atmospheres. The generation factors developed in this work can be used for estimating required ventilation rates for attainment of target air quality conditions in smoking rooms.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1992. Vol.53, No.11, p.699-704. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 93-1637 Gaffuri E., Maranelli G., Romeo L., Durigato S.
Exposure of office workers to tobacco smoke
Esposizione al fumo di tabacco degli impiegati di un'azienda telefonica [in Italian]
Smoking habits were studied in a group of employees of a telephone company. Of the subjects interviewed, 34% were smokers. The non-smokers said that they were bothered by other people smoking everywhere and also to a considerable extent at the workplace. Differences between smokers and non-smokers and between exposed and non-exposed non-smokers were studied by measuring expired CO and urinary cotinine. An expired CO concentration of 10ppm discriminated between smokers and non-smokers. A mean urinary cotinine concentration of about 16ng/mg creatinine was found in the exposed non-smokers, corresponding to the direct smoking of 1/10 of a cigarette per day. The search for the metabolic phenotype of dextromethorphan, which was taken as an indicator of susceptibility to contract lung cancer, showed that there were no differences between smokers and non-smokers since the rapid metabolisers, and therefore subjects potentially exposed to risk of lung cancer due to tobacco smoke, prevailed in both groups.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1992, Vol.83, No.86, p.596-604. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 93-1671 Occupational cancer
This booklet introduces and summarises some of the basic issues relating to occupational cancer. Contents: definition of occupational cancer; types of carcinogens; assessment of carcinogenicity; banning carcinogens from the workplace; protecting employees against exposure to carcinogens; setting standards for the control of occupational carcinogenic substances. Appendices include a glossary and a list of relevant international organisations.
Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, 1992. 34p. Illus. 40 ref.

CIS 93-846 Smans M., Muir C.S., Boyle P.
World Health Organization
Atlas of cancer mortality in the European Economic Community
A thorough analysis of cancer mortality data obtained during the second half of the 1970s in the then member countries of the EEC (Belgium, Denmark, France, the old German Federal Republic with West Berlin, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom). Contents: aims of the Atlas; the mapping of cancer; sources of error and bias; information sources (death certificates, statistical publications); EEC cancer mortality by site (sites considered: ill-defined and secondary, oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach, colon and rectum, gallbladder and bile ducts, pancreas, larynx, lung, malignant melanoma of the skin, breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, testis, bladder, urinary tract, brain and nervous system, thyroid, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukaemia; for each site, range of mortality rates and age-specific mortality rates are shown graphically for every member State); potential for prevention (there is general agreement among epidemiologists that exposure to carcinogens in the workplace accounts for at most 3-4% of all cancers in men, and a much smaller proportion in women; workplace exposures to passive smoking and asbestos should be reduced nevertheless). In annex: detailed presentation of data, by cancer site, sex and administrative subdivision within each country. The maps present the same mortality rate information through the use of colour codes.
Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, United Kingdom, 1992. vii, 213p. + annex (44 maps). Illus. ca. 200 ref. Price: GBP 35.00.

CIS 93-602 Lewit E.M.
Responses among New Jersey's largest employers to legislation restricting smoking at the worksite
In 1985, the state of New Jersey (USA) enacted a law requiring that employers with more than 50 employees implement policies to control smoking in places of employment. The 104 largest private employers in New Jersey were surveyed in 1988 to assess their worksite smoking policies. Of the 92 respondents, 97% had implemented restrictive workplace smoking policies. Only 12% of respondents had implemented such policies prior to the date required by the law, and 86% cited the law as the reason for restricting smoking in the workplace. Over two-thirds of respondents placed restrictions on smoking in open areas, while only one-third restricted smoking in private offices. Non-smoking employees were reported by 80% of respondents to be supportive of restrictive smoking policies, but 23% reported dissatisfaction by their smoking employees. The New Jersey law appears to have been an important factor in the adoption of workplace smoking restrictions by the state's largest employers.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.385-393. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 93-490 Gerhardsson de Verdier M., Plato N., Steineck G., Peters J.M.
Occupational exposures and cancer of the colon and rectum
The association between occupational risks and colorectal cancer was examined in a Swedish population-based, case-referent study. The study was performed in Stockholm in 1986-1988 and included 569 cases and 512 referents. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for different occupations/chemicals. Elevated risks of colon cancer were found among male petrol station/automobile repair workers (RR=2.3, 0.8-6.6) and among males exposed to asbestos (RR=1.8, 0.9-3.6), while elevated risks of rectal cancer were found among males exposed to soot (RR=2.2, 1.1-4.3), asbestos (RR=2.2, 1.0-4.7), cutting fluids/oils (RR=2.1, 1.1-4.0), and combustion gases from coal/coke/wood (RR=1.9, 1.0-3.7). However, due to a high correlation between the above-mentioned variables and the few exposed subjects, it is difficult to separate their effects properly. Further studies are recommended.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Sep. 1992, Vol.22, No.3, p.291-303. 40 ref.

CIS 93-700 Grossman M., Price P.
Tobacco smoking and the law in Canada
This book deals with Canadian federal and provincial legislation as it relates to tobacco smoking. Information is also provided on the history, production, taxation, advertising, toxicology, and health effects of tobacco as well as the addictive nature of nicotine. Various theories as to why people smoke are discussed. Chapter six covers smoking in the workplace and how the law relates to this issue.
Butterworths Canada Ltd., 75 Clegg Road, Markham, Ontario L6G 1A1 and 409 Granville Street, Suite 1455, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 1T2, Canada, 1992. 1 vol. (various pagination). Illus. Bibl.ref. Index.

CIS 93-219 Borland R., Pierce J.P., Burns D.M., Gilpin E., Johnson M., Bal D.
Protection from environmental tobacco smoke in California. The case for a smoke-free workplace
A survey of 7,162 nonsmoking indoor workers in California showed that nonsmokers working where there was only a work-area ban were 2.8 times more likely to be exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) than those working in a smoke-free work site. In workplaces with no policy or a policy not covering the work area, nonsmokers were over eight times more likely to be exposed to ETS than those who worked in a smoke-free work site. Results indicate that adequate protection of nonsmokers from ETS exposure requires a smoke-free site.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 12 Aug. 1992, Vol.268, No.6, p.749-752. 32 ref.

CIS 92-1070 Exposure threshold limits at the workplace 1992: Substances hazardous to health (MAK values); Physical agents [Switzerland]
Arbeitshygienische Grenzwerte 1992: Gesundheitsgefährdende Stoffe (MAK-Werte); Physikalische Einwirkungen [in German]
Valeurs limites d'exposition aux postes de travail 1992: substances dangereuses pour la santé (VME/VLE); agents physiques [Suisse] [in French]
This edition replaces the 1990 issue (see CIS 90-709). It includes short term exposure values in addition to the previous issue; the classification of critical substances in case of pregnancy is enlarged, and a more detailed description of mean exposure values (corresponding to the MAK value of the German edition of this list) of airborne substances is given. Mean values and threshold values are given for approximately 1000 substances, with a separate list for carcinogenic substances.
SUVA, Sektion Administration, Postfach 4358, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1992. 121p.

1991

CIS 93-501 Ahlborg G., Bodin L.
Tobacco smoke exposure and pregnancy outcome among working women - A prospective study at prenatal care centers in Örebro County, Sweden
Among 4,687 women undergoing prenatal care in Sweden from 1980 to 1983, 678 non-smokers reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Of these women, 267 had been passively exposed at work, and the risk ratio (RR) for intra-uterine death (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) among these pregnancies was increased to 1.53 compared with pregnancies of unexposed working women. The effect was confined to first-trimester foetal loss (adjusted RR=2.16), while active smoking was associated with intra-uterine death after the first trimester. Passive smoking in the workplace was weakly associated with preterm birth but not with low birth weight among full-term livebirths. Active smoking clearly increased the risk of both outcomes. However, passive exposure in the home only did not seem to affect pregnancy outcome. The lack of quantitative exposure data points to the need for more research before passive exposure to tobacco smoke can be regarded as an established hazard to foetal development and survival.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 15 Feb. 1991, Vol.133, No.4, p.338-347. 24 ref.

CIS 92-1048 Sorensen G., Rigotti N.A., Rosen A., Pinney J., Prible R.
Employee knowledge and attitudes about a work-site nonsmoking policy: Rationale for further smoking restrictions
This study examines employee knowledge of and satisfaction with a nonsmoking policy instituted at approximately 600 work sites of the New England Telephone company in 1986. A stratified random sample of employees was surveyed 20 months after the policy was implemented; 1120 (74.5%) returned surveys. Awareness of the rules about smoking in most areas was high, especially where smoking was totally banned. Respondents were highly satisfied with the policy, but half preferred additional restrictions on smoking. The policy was effective in reducing perceived environmental tobacco smoke exposure in work areas where smoking was banned but not in nonwork areas where smoking was allowed in designated areas. This study suggests that a highly restrictive nonsmoking policy--including a total ban on smoking--may be more easily and successfully implemented than are less restrictive policies.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Nov. 1991, Vol.33, No.11, p.1125-1130. 16 ref.

CIS 92-532 White J.R., Froeb H.F., Kulik J.A.
Respiratory illness in nonsmokers chronically exposed to tobacco smoke in the work place
CO levels as an index of cigarette smoke in the workplace were evaluated and diary entries on respiratory symptoms, eye irritation, chest colds and lost days from work due to respiratory illness in 40 passive smokers were analysed (non-smokers chronically exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace) and 40 control subjects (non-smokers not exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace) matched for age and sex. Passive smokers experienced greater CO levels during the workday. Also they reported significantly more cough, greater phlegm production, more shortness of breath, greater eye irritation, more chest colds and more days lost from work due to chest colds than control subjects. Non-smoking workers and their employers are likely to incur significant financial loss because of missed workdays due to illnesses resulting from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.
Chest, July 1991, Vol.100, No.1, p.39-43. 23 ref.

CIS 92-201 Samet J.M., Utell M.J.
The environment and the lung: Changing perspectives
This paper discusses the changing focus across the century of public health concern and research in regard to environmental lung diseases. Broad groups of environmental agents that produce lung disease are considered along with the currently available evidence for several air pollutants selected to be illustrative of the changing emphasis of concern. These include asbestos, radon, environmental tobacco smoke, acidic aerosols, sulfur dioxide and oxidant pollutants, including ozone and nitrogen dioxide. In the persistent concerns about adverse effects of polluted air on the lung, the focus has shifted from avoiding clinical disease among highly exposed individuals to protecting the population from an unacceptable burden of risk.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 7 Aug. 1991, Vol.266, No.5, p.670-675. 57 ref.

CIS 91-1641 NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin No.54 - Environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace - Lung cancer and other health effects
This bulletin reviews epidemiologic studies of nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the associated risk of lung cancer, heart disease and other adverse health effects. Recent studies support and reinforce the conclusions of reviews by the Surgeon General and the National Research Council demonstrating that exposure to ETS can cause lung cancer. Recent evidence also suggests a possible association between ETS exposure and an increased risk of heart disease in nonsmokers. There is insufficient data to draw conclusions about other health effects. Recommendations are given for controlling involuntary exposure to ETS.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1991. ix, 18p. 56 ref.

1990

CIS 93-1617 De Lorenzo F.
Tobacco smoking in the workplace - Letter of the Minister of Health addressed to the social partners in order to achieve a useful collaboration against the health hazard created by tobacco smoking
Il fumo di tabacco negli ambiente di lavoro: lettera del Ministero della Sanità ... alle forze sociali per una proficua collaborazione contro i danni da fumo di tabacco [in Italian]
Letter by the Italian Minister of Health addressed to the social partners (employers and workers) and aimed at the encouragement of smoking cessation in the workplace. Relevant statistics on deaths attributable to smoking (WHO), proportion of smokers in the population (ISTAT) and opinions regarding smoking and how it may be discouraged (EEC) are given.
Prevenzione oggi, Apr.-June 1990, Vol.2, No.2, p.4-8. 1 ref.

CIS 93-255 Kimura K., Shimakage K., Saitō M.
Estimation and control measures of indoor air pollution by smoking
Kitsuen ni yoru shitsunai kūki osen to sono taisaku [in Japanese]
The quantity of air pollutants generated by smoking in office rooms was estimated and measures to control air pollution were examined. Experimentally, a cigarette generated 15mg of particulate matter, 50mL of CO and 1mL of NO. The concentration of particulate matter generated varied depending on smoking situations and ventilation in the room concerned. In a series of rooms served by the same ventilation system, tobacco smoke generated in a smoking office invaded non-smoking offices through the ventilation system. Tobacco smoke accounted for 4-74% of the particulate matter in the air supplied by the ventilation system. The relative effectiveness of three methods of controlling air pollution due to smoking was demonstrated: complete banning of smoking; separation of smoking sites or time; and limitation on the number of persons smoking at any one time.
Journal of Science of Labour - Rōdō Kagaku, 10 Dec. 1990, Vol.66, No.12, p.545-567. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 91-1872 Viau C., Gérin M.
The 23rd International Congress on Occupational Health: A scientific review
Le 23e Congrès international de la médecine du travail. Un bilan scientifique [in French]
The 23rd International Congress on Occupational Health was held in Montreal, Canada from September 22 to 28, 1990. Eight keynote addresses and more than 600 communications were presented. In this article, the authors offer a scientific review organised around the following themes developed in the keynote adresses: 1) occupational cancer, 2) the health effects of passive smoking in the workplace, 3) work during pregnancy and its effects on the health of the foetus, 4) industrial toxicology including biological markers of exposure and of adverse health effects as well as the large theme of risk assessment, 5) the physicochemical state of dusts and its link to their health effects, 6) feedback programs in safety at work, and 7) occupational health in the third world.
Travail et santé, Winter 1990, Vol.6, No.4, p.S-26 to S-36. 52 ref.

CIS 91-1418 Non-smokers' Health Act - Non-smokers' Health Regulations [Canada]
Loi sur la santé des non-fumeurs - Règlements sur la santé des non-fumeurs [Canada] [in French]
These regulations made under the Non-smokers' Health Act (1989) set the following standards for employers: design and ventilation of designated smoking rooms and areas; signage requirements; notification requirements of smoking restrictions; rules for smoking areas on ships, trains and aircraft. The regulations include diagrams of approved signs and a schedule of fines. A regulatory impact analysis statement is included, but this is not an official part of the regulations.
Canada Gazette - Gazette du Canada, 3 Jan. 1990, Part II, Vol.124, No.1, p.121-136. Illus.

CIS 91-1594 Cummings K.M., Markello S.J., Mahoney M., Bhargava A.K., McElroy P.D., Marshall J.R.
Measurement of current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
An epidemiological study was performed in a cancer screening clinic in Buffalo (NY, USA) in 1986 to determine the effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among 663 never- and ex-smokers by using measurement of urinary cotinine levels and determining the prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The most frequently mentioned sources of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke were at work (28%) and at home (27%). Cotinine was found in the urine of 91% subjects. Cotinine values increased significantly with the number of exposures reported.
Archives of Environmental Health, Mar.-Apr. 1990, Vol.45, No.2, p.74-79. Illus. 15 ref.

< previous | 1, 2, 3 | next >