Liver diseases - 277 entries found

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1975

CIS 75-1765 Rudolph J., Codino R.S.
Environmental hazards of hepatitis.
The ways in which medical and paramedical personnel may contract viral hepatitis are briefly described. Accidental puncture and non-parenteral spread, during blood handling, are the predominant modes of transmission of the disease. Health-care facilities handling blood should develop precautions and enforce internal regulations to minimise human exposure to the infective antigen. Detailed laboratory safety guidelines cover sample collection, handling materials in the laboratory, disposal of contamination, accidents, and general hygiene precautions.
Journal of Environmental Health, Jan.-Feb. 1975, Vol.37, No.4, p.359-362. 23 ref.

CIS 75-1711 Cortez Pimentel J., Peixoto Menezes A.
Liver granulomas containing copper in vineyard sprayer's lung.
An account of 3 cases of vineyard sprayer's lung following exposure to Bordeaux Mixture (copper sulfate solution neutralised with hydrated lime) for 3-15 years. Study of the liver at autopsy and percutaneous biopsy revealed in each case histiocytic and non-caseating granulomas with inclusions of copper, identified by histochemical techniques. The occupational exposure to copper sulfate, the concomitant presence of the characteristic pulmonary lesions of vineyard sprayer's lung and the finding of copper-containing liver granulomas suggest a new aetiology of hepatic granulomatosis.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Feb. 1975, Vol.111, No.2, p.189-195. Illus. 19 ref.

1974

CIS 75-1381 Morel J.J., Albahary C., Berry J.P., Galle P., Ripault J., Auriol M., Desoille H., Philbert M.
Concerning liver damage due to lead poisoning - Clinical and experimental study
A propos du saturnisme hépatique - Etude clinique et expérimentale. [in French]
This study, which was undertaken to ascertain whether liver damage can really be caused by lead poisoning alone, comprised a clinical study (carried out in 11 workers suffering from occupational lead poisoning) and an experimental study in guinea pigs. The clinical, biological and anatomo-pathological data obtained, and the results of the animal experiments, show that there is no evidence of specific significant liver damage or functional disorder of the liver in ordinary cases of chronic occupational lead poisoning, where no other factor harmful to the liver is present. These conclusions confirm the observations of other authors cited in the article.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, June 1974, Vol.35, No.6, p.609-630. Illus. 51 ref.

CIS 75-1329 Zlateva M., Vălčeva V., Antov G.
Toxic organic changes in laboratory animals placed in an ammonia-rich working atmosphere
Toksični promeni v organizma na opitni životni postaveni v rabotna sreda, bogata na amonjak [in Bulgarian]
Results of biochemical, histochemical and histological examinations performed in white rats breathing an atmosphere having an ammonia content of 0.02-0.12mg/m³ (Bulgarian threshold limit value: 0.02mg/m³). The authors noted a reduction in liver succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase activity. Acid phosphatase activity, on the other hand, was increased. These findings evidence an inhibition of redox processes, disturbances of active transport and of oxidative phosphorylation, and an activation of lytic processes. The enzymatic effects and the dystrophic liver lesions show that even a slight excursion above the threshold limit values of ammonia may have a toxic effect on the animal organism.
Trudove na Instituta po higiena, ohrana na truda i profesionalni zaboljavanija, 1974, Vol.22, No.1, p.147-154. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 75-1328 Velizarov A., Georgiev A., Hadžieva J.
Histopathological liver changes after chronic experimental phenol poisoning
Histologični promeni v černija drob pri eksperimentalno hronično otravjane s fenol [in Bulgarian]
Results of research in 35 rabbits given 0.18g/kg phenol daily for 7-35 days by the intravenous route. The authors noted severe dystrophic changes (non-fatty parenchymal and vacuolar dystrophy) of the hepatic parenchyma, necrobiotic lesions of the hepatocytes, a considerable decline (to complete disappearance) in glycogen and a very great fall in cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid. In animals in which administration was stopped after 35 days they noted a reversal of the dystrophic processes and the return of glycogen and RNA levels in the liver cells to normal values.
Trudove na Instituta po higiena, ohrana na truda i profesionalni zaboljavanija, 1974, Vol.22, No.1, p.141-146. 4 ref.

CIS 75-1043 Divincenzo G.D., Krasavage W.J.
Serum ornithine carbamyl transferase as a liver response test for exposure to organic solvents.
The serum activity of ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) was measured in guinea pigs before and after peritoneal administration of 33 organic solvents (halogenated methane and ethane derivatives, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic esters and ethers, aliphatic ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.), in order to determine the extent of hepatocellular injury. The results are presented and discussed in detail for each class of solvent. It was found that many of the solvents tested failed to increase serum OCT activity even at near-lethal doses.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1974, Vol.35, No.1, p.21-29. 5 ref.

CIS 75-1096 Mar'jasis E.D., Anton'ev A.A., Priščepov V.F., Pavlik L.V., Makarov V.N.
Liver disease and pathogenesis of occupational dermatoses (Experimental studies)
O roli patologii pečeni v razvitii professional'nyh dermatozov (Ėksperimental'nye issledovanija) [in Russian]
Results of research in rats and guinea pigs to determine the influence of liver disease on the sensitivity of the skin to chemical irritants. Intramuscular administration of a hepatotoxic substance (carbon tetrachloride) was found to increase skin sensitivity to p-tert-butylphenol, to exacerbate the dermatitis and to give rise to marked histomorphological changes in the epidermis and dermis. The impairment of skin function (heat exchange, permeability of the horny layer) associated with a liver condition is even more pronounced on contact with 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1974, No.9, p.17-21. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 75-485 Pattison C.P., Boyer K.M., Maynard J.E., Kelly P.C.
Epidemic hepatitis in a clinical laboratory.
During a 6-month period an outbreak of hepatitis occurred in 5 employees concerned with blood-specimen control at a hospital clinical laboratory. The laboratory had recently adopted a computerised system for specimen collection and data dispersal, and a significant correlation was found between accidental cuts from computer cards and the development of clinical hepatitis. Because blood is frequently spilt on these computer cards, the authors speculate that the presumed increase in hepatitis and the growing use of computerised requisition systems in hospitals, the occupational hazard to medical, paramedical and dental personnel may increase at an alarming pace.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 11 Nov. 1974, Vol.230, No.6, p.854-857. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 75-484 Taylor J.S., Shmunes E., Holmes A.W.
Hepatitis B in plasma fractionation workers.
Between 1968 and 1971, hepatitis B occurred at a plasma fractionation company in 14 employees who had worked for 18 months or less (9.4% of the workers at risk). Plasma dumping, a manual operation involving handling of incoming plasma (resulting in frequent minor cuts on glass bottles or sharp instruments), a task to which new employees tend to be assigned, appears to entail the greatest risk. Other procedures considered hazardous are manual scraping of fibrinogen from centrifuges, and processing and aerosolisation of plasma fractions (splashing on mucous membranes of face). The degree of contact correlated directly with the prevalence of antibody in the population studied. Prophylactic recommendations cover general hygiene and safety measures. Periodic monitoring of exposed employees is strongly recommended.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 11 Nov. 1974, Vol.230, No.6, p.850-853. 18 ref.

CIS 75-433 Reynolds E.S., Moslen M.T.
Chemical modulation of early carbon tetrachloride liver injury.
Insight into the mechanism of the toxic interaction of carbon tetrachloride with liver endoplasmic reticulum was sought through modulation of the early in vivo effects of CCl₄ by agents which either inhibit its binding with cytochrome P-450 or have free radical sequestering and/or antioxidant activities. The study compares the protective effects of various compounds.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Sep. 1974, Vol.29, No.3, p.377-388. Illus. 37 ref.

CIS 74-1949 Essing H.G., Schäcke G., König H., Valentin H., Wittgens H., Pfäffl A.
Liver function tests on workers with many years of exposure to tetrachloroethylene
Untersuchungen zur Leberfunktion bei Werkstättenarbeitern mit langjähriger Perchloräthylen-Exposition [in German]
In order to prove the hypothesis that cases of chronic liver disease were due to tetrachloroethylene exposure, 113 workers with an average of 12 years' exposure to this solvent at a concentration below the threshold limit value were systematically examined. The article gives details concerning: background of the persons examined, symptoms, workpost, analysis of workplace atmosphere, method of examination. Clinical and laboratory findings are presented and analysed statistically. A significant relationship was established between alcohol consumption and the liver disorders observed. It was not possible to prove statistically the hypothesis that impairment of hepatic function could have been due to tetrachloroethylene exposure. English translation may be obtained from Health and Safety Executive, Translation Services, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, United Kingdom.
Der ärztliche Dienst, Mar.-Apr. 1974, Vol.35, No.3-4, p.33-40. Illus. 50 ref.

CIS 74-1934 McGill D.B., Motto J.D.
An industrial outbreak of toxic hepatitis due to methylenedianiline.
Between 1966 and 1972, 12 young male workers exposed to 4,4'-methylenedianiline (4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane) developed hepatitis manifesting the following clinical features: a short prodromal period, severe right-upper-quadrant pain, high fever and chills, followed by jaundice. All recovered in 7 weeks. When re-examined 9 months to 5 1/2 years later, all were without clinical or biochemical evidence of chronic liver disease. Circumstantial evidence in the 12 cases suggested that the skin was the major portal of entry of the toxic compound. Pending the development of an automated system requiring no worker contact with methylenedianiline, protective suits with attached rubber gloves were introduced and worn by all exposed workers. No further cases of hepatitis occurred.
New England Journal of Medicine, 8 Aug. 1974, Vol.291, No.6, p.278-282. Illus. 54 ref.

CIS 74-1932 Lund I., Skulberg A., Helle I.
Occupational hazard of halothane.
An account of a case of hepatitis proved irrefutably to have been caused by occupational exposure to halothane. That few develop liver damage among anaesthetic and operating-room personnel and among workers engaged in the manufacture of halothane may be explained by the fact that small frequent exposures to halothane may cause desensitisation.
Lancet, 31 Aug. 1974, Vol.2, No.7879, p.528. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 74-1678 De Ferreyra E.C., Castro J.A., Díaz Gómez M.I., D'Acosta N., De Castro C.R., De Fenos O.M.
Prevention and treatment of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by cysteine: Studies about its mechanism.
Cysteine administration to rats (1.9g/kg per os) prevented the development of necrosis and fatty liver induced by CCl₄. The protective effect was observed when cysteine was given either 30min before or 1h after the administration of CCl₄. Cysteine prevented the development of the necrotic process not by interfering with the initial steps of either activation or lipid peroxidation, but in a subsequent stage the nature of which is still unknown. In spite of this gap in knowledge, the use of cysteine in the treatment of CCl₄ poisoning is very promising because of its effectiveness and low toxicity.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Mar. 1974, Vol.27, No.3, p.558-568. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 74-1664 Hansell M.M., Ecobichon D.J.
Effects of chemically pure chlorobiphenyls on the morphology of rat liver.
To eliminate the effects of possible contaminants in commercial mixtures and to determine the relationship between the position of the chlorine atoms and the degree of chlorination and effects on the liver, a series of isomerically pure chlorobiphenyl compounds of known position and degree of chlorination was administered to rats. The effects of these compounds on hepatic morphology are reported. The degree of ultrastructural alteration appear to be related directly to the number of chlorine atoms and the presence of chlorine in the 4- or 4'- position.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, June 1974, Vol.28, No.3, p.418-427. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 74-1778 Cutler M.G.
The sensitivity of function tests in detecting liver damage in the rat.
The toxic effects of compounds on a praticular organ are frequently assessed only from a change in the weight of the organ and from structural abnormalities. These criteria have been examined in a series of experiments on rats, together with the results of hepatic function tests for the detection of long-term injury to the liver. The results indicate that it is necessary to examine both structural and functional changes in the assessment of the possible hepatotoxic action of substances administered to rats.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, June 1974, Vol.28, No.3, p.349-357. 26 ref.

CIS 74-1702 Grandbesançon Y.
Virus hepatitis B: an occupational disease - Epidemiological and prophylactic study in haemodialysis centres
Hépatite virale B: maladie professionnelle - Etude épidémiologique et prophylactique dans les centres d'hémodialyse. [in French]
The first part of this MD thesis is devoted to background information on virus hepatitis as an occupational disease, and to the following aspects: frequency of virus hepatitis B among the staff of haemodialysis units, role of the Australia antigen, modes of transmission. The second part is devoted to medico-social problems: French legislation, absence from work, course of the disease and treatment. Prophylaxis is discussed in one chapter: general hygiene (organisation of working conditions, staff training), preventive measures to cope with antigen-carrying patients and immunisation. Prevention by means of specific immunoglobulins has gone beyond the experimental stage and the manufacture of a vaccine against hepatitis B is at present being studied.
Université de Paris VI, Faculté de médecine Pitié - Salpêtrière, Paris, France, 1974. 42p. 27 ref.

CIS 74-1697 Hinthorn D.R., Foster M.T., Bruce H.L., Aach R.D.
An outbreak of chimpanzee associated hepatitis.
A report of an outbreak of chimpanzee-associated hepatitis which occurred at a zoo and involved 14 animal handlers. The outbreak had characteristics of short-incubation or type A viral hepatitis and was traced to a recently imported chimpanzee. Considerable caution would seem advisable in the handling of newly imported subhuman primates and especially their excreta. Routine screening for elevated serum transaminases on arrival might prove valuable in detecting animals capable of transmitting hepatitis.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1974, Vol.16, No.6, p.388-391. Illus. 25 ref.

1973

CIS 75-463 Castano P., Ghezzi I.
Ultrastructure of the liver in a case of postnecrotic cirrhosis attributed to previous nickel carbonyl poisoning
Studio ultrastrutturale di un caso di cirrosi epatica post-necrotica attribuita a pregressa intossicazione acuta da nichel-carbonile [in Italian]
Electron microscope study of liver cell change in a 29-year-old worker poisoned by nickel carbonyl one year before biopsy. The authors discovered postnecrotic cirrhosis linked to liver cell damage, characterised by degeneration of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, of the mitochondria and of the nucleus. A para-crystalline structure was observed in the mitochondria, and bodies containing glycogen-like granules were observed in the nucleus. Considering the relatively long period of time which had elapsed since the Ni(CO)₄ poisoning occurred, the authors discuss the possible influence of this substance on the different cytoplasmic structures.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1973, Vol.64, No.11-12, p.401-410. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 74-765 Marsteller H.J., Lelbach W.K., Müller R., Jühe S., Lange C.E., Rohner H.G., Veltman G.
Chronic toxic liver damage among workers employed in polyvinyl chloride production
Chronisch-toxische Leberschäden bei Arbeitern in der PVC-Produktion [in German]
The introduction, referring to reports from various sources, points out that cases of liver damage among workers engaged in PVC production have been neglected on account of the emphasis placed on acroosteolysis symptoms. Results of laparoscopic examinations and liver biopsy of 20 autoclave operators showing symptoms of liver damage are given and compared with the findings of clinical examinations and chemical analysis. Chronic thrombocytopenia and toxic liver damage with splenomegaly occurred considerably more frequently than acroosteolysis. English translation available.
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, 30 Nov. 1973, Vol.98, No.48, p.2311-2314. 22 ref.

CIS 74-740 Potter H.P.
Dimethylformamide-induced abdominal pain and liver injury.
This article describes an attack of severe abdominal pain, hypertension, leucocytosis and hepatic damage following an accidental dermal and respiratory exposure to dimethylformamide (DMF). Pain began 62 hours after the man - a mixing machine operator - received a splash of DMF over approximately 20% of his body surface, and was associated with porphobilinogenuria.
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov. 1973, Vol.27, No.5, p.340-341. 7 ref.

CIS 74-511 Prost G., Dechavanne M., Tolot F.
Hepatic and renal diseases of occupational origin
Atteintes hépatiques et rénales d'origine professionnelle. [in French]
Considers a number of liver and kidney diseases due to infection (brucellosis, leptospirosis, viral hepatitis). The distinction is drawn between forms of toxic hepatitis due to substances which are absolute or constant poisons for the liver, and those caused by substances which are inconstant or idiosyncratic poisons. The various aetiologies, toxic process, anatomical and clinical observation, course of the disorder and possibilities of diagnosis are given for each of these substances. Acute poisoning of the kidneys occurs in 2 ways: directly, or during haemolysis. Chronic lesions are mostly due to lead or cadmium. Preventive medicine has to deal with 3 vital problems: working capacity of persons suffering from kidney or liver damage, diagnosis of the most discrete forms of such impairment, research on new toxic substances.
Journal de médecine de Lyon, 5 May 1973, Vol.54, p.643-652.

CIS 74-510 Weiss M., Guiard J., Planché C., Guilleret C.
Viral hepatitis - A complication of extracorporeal blood circulation endangering hospital teams
L'hépatite virale - Une complication des circulations extra-corporelles qui n'épargne pas l'équipe de soins. [in French]
Description of 2 self-observed cases of viral hepatitis due to occupation, which occurred among the staff of an open-heart surgery unit (1 surgeon and 1 heart-lung machine technician contracted viral hepatitis with positive Australia or HB antigen test). The article examines the practical problems which arise from the points of view of forensic medicine, prophylaxis and statistics. Preventive measures should be oriented mainly towards systematic discovery of donors of contaminated blood and patients who are carriers of the HB virus or Australian antigen (patients about to undergo open-heart surgery, kidney transplant or haemodialysis); this is indispensable for the patient as well as for the hospital team. The statistical data quoted show a very high incidence of hepatitis among nursing and technical staff of specialised hospital services: 14 positive reactions and 12 cases of icterus among 190 persons examined during 1 year in a hospital, and 9 cases out of 52 persons during the same year in the laboratory of a hospital pharmacy.
Nouvelle presse médicale, 26 May 1973, Vol.2, No.21, p.1437-1441. 30 ref.

CIS 74-269 Notification No.2/1973 concerning protection against hepatitis infection
Meddelelse nr.2/1973 om retningslinier for beskyttelse mod hepatitissmitte (leverbetændelse) [in Danish]
These directives, intended for hospitals and laboratories which analyse human blood and other biologic substances, call for strict observance of hygienic rules. Direct contact with blood, urine, faeces, etc. must be avoided. Pipetting by direct mouth aspiration is prohibited. Washing hands before and after taking samples is compulsory. Gloves should be used whenever possible.
Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet), Upsalagade 20, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 15 Feb. 1973. 2p. Gratis.

CIS 74-155 Schüttmann W., Ullmann W.
Hepatic effects of cellulose paint thinners
Die Leberwirksamkeit von Nitrolackverdünnern [in German]
The authors examined 56 persons exposed to cellulose paint thinners in a machinery painting undertaking. Concentrations of thinners measured in the workplace were several times the corresponding TLVs. Clinical examinations and laboratory analyses revealed in several cases mild or moderately severe pathological symptoms. However, the authors observed only a few isolated cases of obvious liver damage, including one case of moderately severe diffuse fatty degeneration of the liver, which is described. The findings point to the conclusion that cellulose paint thinners should be considered as mildly hepatotoxic substances and classified accordingly for occupational health purposes.
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete, Mar. 1973, Vol.19, No.3, p.189-193. 12 ref.#< Vol.19, No.3, p.189-193. 12 ref.

CIS 73-1313 Goldblatt P.J., Liebermann M.W., Witschi H.
Beryllium-induced ultrastructural changes in intact and regenerating liver
Light and electron microscope studies were carried out on thin liver sections of intact or partially-haepatectomised rats which had been given injections of aqueous beryllium sulphate. Liver necrosis was found in animals surviving 48h, and mitosis was inhibited in animals treated 20 or 16h before death. Ultrastructural alterations in animals examined 24h after Be injection included vacuolisation and dense deposite in lysosomes, loss of fibrils and appearance of dense plaques in some nucleoli, and distortion of bile canaliculi.
Archives of Environmental Health, Jan. 1973, Vol.26, No.1, p.48-56. Illus. 44 ref.

1971

CIS 73-1335 Kimbrough R.D., Linder R.E., Gaines T.B.
Morphological changes in livers of rats fed polychlorinated biphenyls - Light microscopy and ultrastructure
The toxicology of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is briefly reviewed. The effects of 2 PCBs (Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260) were studied on laboratory animals which had been fed from 0 to 1000ppm in their diet. Light and electron microscopic findings in the lever are described in detail; it was found that both compounds have a definite effect on the liver. Porphyria and adenofibrosis were also observed. These findings should lead to a reassessment of the present concept of the toxicity of PCBs.
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov. 1972, Vol.25, No.5, p.354-364. Illus. 28 ref.

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