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2001

CIS 02-21 Royal Decree No.786/2001 of 6 July 2001 approving the safety regulations on fire precautions in industrial establishments [Spain]
Real Decreto 786/2001, de 6 de julio, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de Seguridad contra incendios en los establecimientos industriales [España] [in Spanish]
This decree implements fire safety regulations for industry, including those covering industrial storage establishments and vehicle repair shops and parking facilities. Contents: new site preparation, construction and start-up of new industries; periodic inspections; reporting of fires; minimum fire safety standards; responsibilities and penalties for non-compliance. In annex: classification of industrial establishments from the viewpoint of fire safety; safety codes for buildings in relation to their layout, location and level of intrinsic risk; general fire safety requirements of industrial establishments; list of relevant Spanish (UNE) standards.
Boletín Oficial del Estado, 30 July 2001, Year 341, No.181. Illus.
http://www.gestion-ambiental.com/norma/ley/REAL_DECRETO_2267-2004.pdf [in Spanish]

CIS 02-380 Survey: "Safety against fires in the enterprise. 2000"
Encuesta: "Seguridad contra incendios en la empresa. 2000" [in Spanish]
The purpose of this survey was to understand how enterprises manage fire hazards, the extent of training of personnel in fire safety, the type of installations available for fire fighting and the frequency with which these installations are maintained. A 101-item questionnaire was addressed to 1200 selected enterprises in all fields of activity. Results are presented in 10 tables. Only 4% of the enterprises have a fire service, and for the majority (55%), the management of fire hazards is the responsibility of the occupational safety and health services. There is a notable tendency towards automation of technical detection installations rather than towards using surveillance services. In 98% of the enterprises, maintenance is carried out by accredited companies. Finally, 90% of the enterprises surveyed have personal protection plans and 94% provide training to their personnel so that they can intervene in the event of a fire.
Mapfre seguridad, 4th Quarter 2001, Vol.21, No.84, p.19-29. Illus.

CIS 02-379 Rodríguez Herrerías J., García Mozos E.
Comments and considerations on the new regulation on fire safety at industrial sites
Comentarios y reflexiones acerca del nuevo Reglamento de seguridad contra incendios en los establecimientos industriales [in Spanish]
This article analyses in detail the contents of the new Spanish regulation on fire safety at industrial sites approved by the Royal Decree 786/2001 (see CIS 02-21). This regulation has been developed in a "horizontal" manner so as to define the conditions for fire safety in all Spanish enterprises, including SMEs, which were until now not subject to any regulations.
Mapfre seguridad, 4th Quarter 2001, Vol.21, No.84, p.9-17. Illus.

CIS 01-1795 Steer A.
Fire protection yearbook 2001
This edition of the yearbook contains the following information: legislative aspects of fire protection in the United Kingdom; fire safety structure in the UK (including a list of useful addresses); fire services in the UK (including a map of fire brigade areas and an address list of fire brigades); fire test facilities; fire statistics (breakdown by location, casualties, type of building, material first ignited, source of ignition, detailed analysis of fire data, including cost analysis of large fires, by industry); fire safety in offices; the Fire Protection Association (FPA) and its services; training courses; fire Internet websites; list of consultancies; list of abbreviations and acronyms; major fire protection associations in other countries and at the European Community level; buyers' guide to fire protection equipment. Replaces CIS 00-1109.
Fire Protection Association, Bastille Court, 2 Paris Garden, London SE1 8ND, United Kingdom, 2001. 320p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 25.00.

CIS 01-1634 Safety - Reference publications, series, collections, posters, forms, videos, periodicals aimed at professionals
Sécurité: référentiels, collections, illustrés, imprimés, vidéos, presse professionnelle [in French]
Catalogue of reference publications, series, collections, posters, forms, videos, periodicals aimed at professionals and other printed material available from the French National Protection and Prevention Centre (Centre National de Prévention et de Protection). Most publications focus on fire safety. Additional topics covered include: detection of trespassers; theft alarm systems; protection against break-ins; guide to behaviour in case of aggression or conflict; analysis of technological accidents and prevention strategies.
CNPP Entreprise SARL, Service d'Abonnements, BP 2265, 27950 Saint-Marcel, France, 2001. 31p. Illus.

2000

CIS 06-1413 de Wit C.A.
Brominated flame retardants
Brominated flame retardants are used in electronic appliances and textiles. They are detected in the environment and in breast milk in increasing concentrations. Their persistence is a matter of concern and poses a potential problem similar to that of polychlorinated biphenlys (PCBs). This report discusses these issues and future trends. Contents: characteristics of flame retardants; brominated flame retardant chemistry; analytical methods for brominated flame retardants; toxicology; environmental concentrations; future trends.
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket), Blekholmsterrassen 36, 10648 Stockholm, Sweden, 2000. 94p. Illus. Approx. 180 ref.

CIS 03-174 O'Toole M.L., Johnson K.C., Satterfield S., Bush A.J., Koo W.W.K., Klesges R.C., Applegate W.B.
Do sweat calcium losses affect bone mass during firefighter training?
Although vigorous exercise is associated with increased bone mass, recent evidence suggests that loss of calcium in sweat may result in a negative calcium balance and, ultimately, a decrease in bone mass. Anthropometric characteristics, habitual physical activity levels, dietary calcium intake, bone mineral content and bone turnover markers were measured in 42 male firefighter recruits before and after four months of training. During two strenuous mid-training sessions, calcium loss in sweat was measured. At the end of the training period, it was found that bone mineral content increased significantly, as did one marker of bone formation, and were not associated with sweat calcium concentration. This study demonstrates that intense physical exercise that produces high sweat rates do not have an adverse effect on the bone mineral content of healthy young men.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2000, Vol.42, No.11, p.1054-1059. 36 ref.

CIS 03-365 Biddle E.A., Hartley D.
Fire- and flame-related occupational fatalities in the United States, 1980-1994
The NIOSH National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system recorded 1518 fire-related occupational fatalities among the civilian workforce in the United States between 1980 and 1994. The fatalities resulted from 1221 separate incidents, of which 122 involved more than one victim and accounted for 419 deaths. Nearly four out of ten fatalities resulting from a multiple-victim fire were workers in the manufacturing industry. Similarly, the highest frequency of fatalities in single-victim events, over one fourth, were in manufacturing. Although this study sheds light on selected characteristics of these fatalities, additional research on the causal factors associated with single and multiple victim events is needed to present specific recommendations for prevention efforts.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 2000, Vol.42, No.4, p.430-437. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 02-1412 Lalung-Bonnaire J., Aumas M., Petit J.M.
LPG-powered industrial trucks - Prevention of fire/explosion risks
Chariots automoteurs au GPL - Prévention des risques incendie/explosion [in French]
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is increasingly used as a fuel for industrial trucks, in particular because of its lower level of polluting emissions when compared with those produced by diesel fuel. The objective of this practical information sheet is to present the safety principles to be followed to avoid fire or explosion risks due to the presence of LPG during maintenance or repair of LPG-powered trucks. Contents: hazards (leaks, bursting of tanks); safety measures to be followed during use; safety measures to be followed during maintenance work; preventive measures in the event of leaks or fires.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, no date. 4p. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 02-102 Introduction to chemical safety. Module IV - Chemical fires and explosions: Session 1
This booklet reviews the hazards of fires and explosions due to chemicals, and describes how to prevent them or limit their consequences. Main topics covered: hazardous substances (oxidants, flammable materials, combustible materials, explosives); measures aimed at limiting the risks; proper storage; safety training of operators; inspections; emergency procedures; alarms; first aid; exercises and test on the contents of the training module.
Industrial Accident Prevention Association, 2 Bloor Street West, 31st floor, Toronto, Ontario M4W 3N8, Canada, no date. 24p. Illus.

CIS 02-389 Ménard A., Petit J.M.
Fire prevention at the workplace [France]
Prévention des incendies sur les lieux de travail [France] [in French]
Synthesis of safety and hygiene regulations applicable to fire prevention at the workplace. Contents: provisions applicable equally to workplaces used for the fist time and to existing workplaces; rules applicable to new buildings (responsibilities of owners); provisions applicable to existing workplaces (responsibilities of management). These provisions apply in particular to relocations, heating of work premises, buildings where flammable materials are stored or handled, smoke evacuation, fire prevention and firefighting.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 2000. 27p. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 01-1593
Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social
Official Mexican Standard - Safety conditions: Fire prevention and protection and firefighting in the workplace [Mexico]
Norma Oficial Mexicana - Condiciones de seguridad: Prevención, protección y combate de incendios en los centros de trabajo [México] [in Spanish]
Contents of this standard: scope (all workplaces in Mexico); definitions; employers' and workers' obligations; fire safety programmes; fire safety requirements; requirements for the fire fighting team; revision and maintenance of fire fighting equipment; verification systems. In annex: determination of the degree of fire hazard; reference guides (fire detectors, fixed fire fighting equipment, emergency teams, fire extinguishers, extinguishing agents). Standard NOM-105-STPS-1994 on fire fighting terminology is repealed.
Internet copy, 2000. 20p. 5 ref.
http://www.stps.gob.mx/04_sub_prevision/03_dgsht/normatividad/normas/nom_002.htm [in Spanish]

CIS 01-1501 Coules K., Eskell C.
Tolley's fire safety management handbook
Manual containing practical advice on how to avoid fires at the workplace, including recent changes in United Kingdom fire legislation and their implications for businesses. Contents: formulating a fire safety policy; Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997; how to carry out a fire risk assessment; Fire Precautions Act 1971 (see CIS 89-36); Disability Discrimination Act 1995; legal implications of occupational safety and health; prevention of fires; fire defence systems; staff training; fire training manual; historic and heritage buildings; British and European standards; structural alterations and extensions of buildings; arson; liaison with fire and occupational safety and health services; sources of guidance; after the fire; cost of fires.
Butterworths Tolley, 2 Addiscombe Road, Croydon, Surrey CR9 5AF, United Kingdom, 2000. 358p. Index. Price: GBP 50.00.

CIS 01-1377 Manual on fire prevention
Manual de prevención de incendios [in Spanish]
Fire protection training manual covering the following areas: basics of combustion, fire propagation and extinction; extinguishing agents; manual means of extinguishing; detection and extinguishing systems; personal protective equipment (respirators, protective clothing, helmets, protection of upper and lower extremities); fire safety conditions in buildings (signalling of escape routes, firewalls and fire-blocking doors, smoke exhaust); organization of emergency organization (evacuation and first aid).
IBERMUTUAMUR, Ramírez de Arellano 27, 28403 Madrid, Spain, 2nd ed., July 2000. 151p. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 01-1194
Health and Safety Commission
Fire precautions in the clothing and textile industries
Almost all textile products are flammable and many textile factories have large quantities of combustible good on stock or as part of the work in progress. This booklet offers guidance aimed at employers on conducting a risk assessment. Contents include: general factors that influence the risk from fire from within a building; safety measures that relate to particular processes; means of escape; training and safety rules; fire protection equipment; maintenance; protection against arson; legal requirements; testing the fire hazards of textile goods stored in bulk.
HSE Books, P.O.Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2000. iv, 28p. lllus. 14 ref. Price: GBP 8.50.

CIS 01-321 Commission Decision of 8 February 2000 implementing Council Directive 89/106/EEC as regards the classification of the reaction to fire performance of construction products [European Communities]
Décision de la Commission du 8 fév. 2000 portant modalités d'application de la Directive 89/106/CEE du Conseil en ce qui concerne la classification des caractéristiques de réaction au feu des produits de construction [Communautés européennes] [in French]
Decision of the EU Commission concerning the implementation of Council Directive 89/106/EEC (see CIS 93-3). In annex: classification of construction products according to their fire performance as tested according to certain criteria.
Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 23 Feb. 2000, Vol.43, No.L 50, p.14-18.

CIS 01-523 Lacosta Berna J.M.
Recent developments in fire detection and extinguishing. More efficient and environmentally-friendly systems
Novedades en la detección y extinción de incendios. Sistemas más eficaces y respetuosos con el medio ambiente [in Spanish]
The principles behind the functioning of two new fire-fighting systems are described, and their practical applications are presented. They consist of smoke detection systems based on highly-sensitive aspiration (using light dispersion, laser-based particle counting, ionization and cloud chambers) and extinguishing systems based on water atomization under high pressure. Basically, these systems are not new, but have been improved thanks to technological developments in other areas.
Mapfre seguridad, 3rd Quarter 2000, Vol.20, No.79, p.37-47. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 01-382 Bouet A., Petit J.M.
Portable and hand-held fire extinguishers
Les extincteurs d'incendie portatifs et mobiles [in French]
In many cases, the use of portable fire extinguishers allows the control of fires during their early phases and to limit the propagation of the flames. This brochure recalls the standards and legal requirements with respect to portable fire extinguishers, describes the various types of extinguishers and provides information on their use and checking.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2nd ed., Sep. 2000. 58p. Illus.

CIS 01-522 Inflammable matter - Hints helping to avoid fires caused by electrical equipment
Zündstoff - Tipps zur Vermeidung von Elektrobränden [in German]
Overload in cables and outlets, insulation damaged by mechanical impacts or chemical agents such as fat, aggressive liquids and gases, inadequate fuses, loose contacts, dirt and corrosion, and lamps with excessive wattage may all lead to costly fires. Experience suggests to perform periodical checks, avoid inappropriate connectors and have repairs done by specialists.
Zeitschrift für Hotels, Gaststätten und Schausteller, Mar. 2000, No.1, p.4-5. Illus.

CIS 00-1572
Health and Safety Executive
Fire safety in small textile factories - A brief guide for employers
Almost all textile products burn easily and many textile factories contain large quantities of combustible goods. Aimed at employers of small textile factories, this booklet provides advice on preventing risks to persons from fires. Contents include: legal requirements; fire hazards in textile factories; fire precautions.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 2000. 7p. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 00-1419 Smith D.
Old MacDonald had a farm
For fire intervention in rural areas, remoteness is a problem not only because of the distance, awkward access or difficulty in locating the incident but of the potential in the countryside for unrestricted fire spread. An officer of the Devon Fire and Rescue Service gives advice to reduce the risks. A risk assessment should be conducted for any proposed activity. Emergency plans should be put in place. Location cards providing a full address and best access, as well as points of potential water supplies should be kept by the telephone and hazards in and around the premises should be clearly marked. Statistics of serious agricultural industry fires from January-December 1998 and 3 reports on fires in a garden centre and in farms are included.
Fire Prevention, July 2000, No.334, p.24-25; 38-41. Illus.

CIS 00-1109 Steer A.
Fire protection yearbook 2000
This edition of the yearbook contains the following information: legislative aspects of fire protection in the UK; fire safety structure in the United Kingdom (including a list of useful addresses); fire services in the UK (including a map of fire brigade areas and an address list of fire brigades); fire test facilities; fire statistics (breakdown by location, casualties, type of building, material first ignited, source of ignition, detailed analysis of fire data, including cost analysis of large fires, by industry); the Fire Protection Association (FPA) and its services; list of consultancies; list of abbreviations and acronyms; major fire protection associations in other countries and at the European Community level; buyers' guide to fire protection equipment. Replaces CIS 99-966.
Fire Protection Association, Bastille Court, 2 Paris Garden, London SE1 8ND, United Kingdom, 2000. 272p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 15.00.

CIS 00-351 van Esch G.J.
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Flame retardants: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is used in floor polishes and as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics; it can cause slight skin irritation. Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) is used as flame retardant, plasticizer or solvent; no skin irritation was reported in a study on volunteers. Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts are used as flame retardants for cotton, cellulose and cellulose-blend fabrics; treated fabrics do not cause skin irritation in humans. Summaries in French and in Spanish.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2000. xix, 130p. Illus. 193 ref. Price: CHF 30.00 (CHF 21.00 in developing countries).

CIS 00-500 Pyrrole
Contents of this data sheet: hazards of pyrrole (highly flammable, fire and explosion risk, strong reaction with oxidizing compounds); physicochemical properties; precautions; fire fighting.
Fire Prevention, Feb. 2000, No.329, 2p. Insert. 9 ref.

CIS 00-499 Propyleneimine, inhibited
Contents of this data sheet: hazards of 2-methylaziridine (highly flammable, fire and explosion risk); physicochemical properties; precautions; fire fighting.
Fire Prevention, Jan. 2000, No.328, 2p. Insert. 10 ref.

1999

CIS 03-376 Wilén C., Moilanen A., Rautalin A., Torrent J., Conde E., Lödel R., Carson D., Timmers P., Brehm K.
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Safe handling of renewable fuels and fuel mixtures
The objective of this project was to obtain new data on the safety-critical characteristics of renewable fuels (biomass), low-grade coal (lignite) and mixtures of these fuels. Ten biomass and lignite samples and two fuel mixtures were evaluated. All samples were dried and milled to a particle size below 0.2mm. Reactivity of the combustible dusts was characterized by thermal analysis. Self-ignition properties were studied under normal and elevated pressure. Dust explosion tests were performed at normal and elevated temperatures and pressures. Based on the research results, recommendations are made concerning the design of safe combustion equipment suited to these fuels.
VTT Information Service, P.O.Box 2000, 02044 VTT, Finland, 1999. 117p. Illus. 22 ref. Price: EUR 39.00 (+ 8% VAT).
http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/1999/P394.pdf [in English]

CIS 02-889
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (HVBG)
Requirements applicable to machinery and equipment aimed at avoiding explosion hazards during the machining, processing, melting and casting of magnesium
Beschaffenheitsanforderungen für Maschinen und Einrichtungen zur Vermeidung von Brand- und Explosionsgefahren bei der Be- und Verarbeitung, beim Schmelzen und Gießen von Magnesium [in German]
This document reproduces the full text of the proposed guidelines of the Mutual Occupational Accident Insurance Association (HVBG) concerning fire and explosion protection measures applicable to equipment and machines for the machining, melting and casting of magnesium. Contents: definitions; chip removal machines with defined tool geometry (with or without refrigerated lubricant, miscible or non-miscible with water); chip removal machines with non defined tool geometries; sanding machines; machines and rigs for foundry and casting; fire-fighting equipment; control and locking of machines.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemburgerstrasse 449, 50939 Köln, Germany, Apr. 1999. 25p.

CIS 01-1188 Petit J.M., Falcy M.
Gaseous extinguishing agents used in fixed fire suppression equipment
Les agents extincteurs gazeux utilisés dans les installations fixes [in French]
Fired fire suppression equipment using gaseous extinguishing agents may be recommended for the protection of many workplaces, particularly where fire is a major hazard, or in premises housing costly equipment. This paper supplies users, particularly those responsible for fire prevention, with the requisite information for improved knowledge of the extinguishing agents they are likely to come across: where they are used; description of gases used, hazards linked to decomposition products; access to premises following emission; regulations and instructions for use. The 1996 recommendations of the French chemical ecotoxicity assessment committee concerning the use of certain halon substitutes in firefighting is appended.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 2nd Quarter 1999, No.175, p.41-49. 19 ref.

CIS 01-1187 Curtat C.
Using physical models for evaluating fire hazards
Utilisation de modèles physiques pour l'évaluation des dangers du feu [in French]
This article describes an engineering approach based on a series of models and computer software enabling the implementation of fire hazard safety measures in a building, taking into account the activities that take place within it. Contents include: physical modelling of fire; application of fire simulation tools to safety; quantification of thermal and chemical hazards of fire; example of the calculation of thermal radiation near large open flames.
Préventique-Sécurité, May-June 1999, No.45, p.53-60. Illus.

CIS 01-66
Health and Safety Executive
Take care with oxygen - Fire and explosion hazards in the use of oxygen
This booklet provides information on fire and explosion hazards when oxygen is used. It is aimed at any person using oxygen gas in cylinders. Main hazards are described and guidance is given on the way of handling and replacing gas cylinder components.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 1999. 14p. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 01-205 Schneider U., Lebeda C.
Smoke venting systems according to the proposed DIN 18 232-5 standard
Rauchabzug nach dem Entwurf DIN 18 232-5 [in German]
Topics: comment on standard; draft standard; fire protection; Germany; mathematical simulation; smoke vents; standard; ventilation systems.
Zeitschrift Forschung und Technik im Brandschutz, Jan. 1999, Vol.48, No.1, p.21-31. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 01-209 Siepelmeyer-Kierdorf L.
Fire detection and fire fighting in municipal solid waste bunkers
Erkennen und Bekämpfen von Bränden in Abfallbunkern [in German]
In Germany, there are no detailed regulations with regard to the detection and fighting of fires in storage bunkers of municipal solid waste incineration plants. A guideline to fill this gap is presently being prepared. Recommendations in this guideline form the basis of the presented practical tips for detecting and fighting of fires in solid waste bunkers. In addition, the special conditions prevailing in storage bunkers of solid waste incinerators were taken into consideration as were various fire detection and fire fighting methods. Fire detection by the crane operator should be preferred over the installation of automatic fire detectors. Infrared detectors are recommended in case the waste stays in the bunker for more than one week and round-the-clock surveillance by crane operators is not feasible. For fire fighting, water canons should be used rather than sprinkler systems. They can be better focussed on the site of a fire and the water jet penetrates deeper into the garbage. The additional fire protection components needed in a solid waste bunker such as smoke vents are discussed.
Zeitschrift Forschung und Technik im Brandschutz, Jan. 1999, Vol.48, No.1, p.3-14. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 01-87 Lepage M., Brett Y.B.
Figures on risks
Risques en chiffres [in French]
Topics: accident absenteeism; cost of accidents; explosions; fatalities; fire services; fire; France; injuries; occupational accidents; occupational diseases; statistical trends; statistics.
Face au risque, Jan. 1999, No.349, p.7-21. Illus.

CIS 00-1524 Ministerial Order No.99-610 of 16 Dec. 1999 concerning protection against the risks of fire and panic in industrial buildings [Monaco]
Arrêté ministériel n°99-610 du 16 déc. 1999 relatif à la protection contre les risques d'incendie et de panique dans les bâtiments industriels [Monaco] [in French]
This Order specifies the requirements of the design, construction and layout of industrial buildings in such a way as to prevent or reduce the effects of fires and panic.
Journal de Monaco, 24 Dec. 1999, No.7422, p.1806-1808.

CIS 00-1712
Health and Safety Executive
Fire safety: An employer's guide
Topics: check lists; electricity; escape means; fire alarms; fire drills; fire fighting; fire hazards; fire protection; fire resisting structures; flammable substances; handling and storage; hazard evaluation; housekeeping; legislation; permits-to-work; portable fire extinguishers; responsibilities of employers; safety guides; sources of ignition; United Kingdom.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1999. iv, 84p. Illus. 91 ref. Price: GBP 9.95.

CIS 00-1657 Chapman S., Borland R., Scollo M., Brownson R.C., Dominello A., Woodward S.
The impact of smoke-free workplaces on declining cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States
Nineteen studies of the impact of smoke-free workplaces on workday cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States are reviewed. The number and cost of cigarettes forgone are calculated and extrapolated to a scenario in which all indoor work areas were smoke-free. Of the 19 studies, 18 reported declines in daily smoking rates, and 17 reported declines in smoking prevalence. Smoke-free workplaces are currently responsible for an annual reduction of some 602 million cigarettes, or 1.8% of all cigarettes that might otherwise be consumed in Australia, and an annual reduction of 9.7 billion cigarettes (2%) in the United States. Approximately 22.3% of the 2.7 billion decrease in cigarette consumption in Australia between 1988 and 1995 can be attributed to smoke-free workplaces, as can 12.7% of the 76.5 billion decrease in the United States between 1988 and 1994. If workplaces were universally smoke-free, the number of cigarettes forgone annually would increase to 1.14 billion (3.4%) in Australia and 20.9 billion (4.1%) in the United States.
American Journal of Public Health, July 1999, Vol.89, No.7, p.1018-1023. 50 ref.

CIS 00-1427 Preventing injuries and deaths of fire fighters due to structural collapse
This booklet describes the steps that fire departments need to take in order to minimize the risk of injury and death to fire fighters when fighting fires involving large building structures. It includes current U.S. regulations with respect to respirators, the positioning of properly trained fire fighters outside the immediately dangerous zone, the constant accounting for the interior team by the commander, and the readiness to provide rapid rescue for the interior team. Several cases of fire fighter fatalities caused by structural collapse are described, along with the lessons to be drawn from these occurrences.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1999. 11p. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 00-1278 Publications catalogue '98 '99
Topics: catalogue; fire prevention; major hazards; safety literature; training manuals; training material; United Kingdom.
The Loss Prevention Council, Melrose Avenue, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire WD6 2B, United Kingdom, 1999. 28p. Illus.

CIS 00-1115
Health and Safety Executive
The interpretation and use of flashpoint information
Topics: case study; closed cup method; data sheet; determination of flashpoints; fire hazards; flammable substances; flashpoints; ISO; laboratory equipment; legislation; standard; substitution; test equipment; United Kingdom.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, Apr. 1999. 12p. 9 ref. Price: GBP 5.00.

CIS 00-968
Health and Safety Executive
Safety in gas welding, cutting and similar processes
Contents of this safety guide usable for training purposes: risk assessment; permits-to-work; qualifications; equipment used in gas welding and cutting; fire, explosion and other hazards (use of fuel gases and oxygen); risks from lighted blowpipes; gas leaks; ventilation; storage and handling of gas cylinders; flashbacks; maintenance, examination and testing of equipment.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1999. 14p. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 00-1114
Health and Safety Executive
Small-scale use of LPG in cylinders
Topics: data sheet; electric sparks; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; flammable gases; gas cylinders; inspection; liquefied petroleum gas; maintenance; pressurized gas systems; protection against leakage; qualifications; safe distances; safe working methods; safety checks; United Kingdom; ventilation.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 2p. 1 ref.

CIS 00-1113
Health and Safety Executive
Use of LPG in small bulk tanks
Topics: bulk liquid containers; butane; propane; data sheet; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; fire services; flammable gases; gas storage tanks; installation of fences; liquefied petroleum gas; maintenance; pressurized gas systems; protection against leakage; qualifications; safe working methods; safety checks; United Kingdom.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, May 1999. 2p. 3 ref.

CIS 00-706
International Labour Office (ILO)
The face of decent work
Le visage du travail décent [in French]
El aspecto del trabajo adecuado [in Spanish]
This videotape is an exposé on the world's most deadly professions and workplace hazards: mining, agriculture, factory fires, to name but a few. It shows primitive forms of labour that have remained unchanged in their methods for nearly a thousand years. It shows the victims of the pressure to increase production in an increasingly competitive and global economy, and is intended as an awareness-raising tool for the general public, to be used by the ILO's social and institutional partners and the NGO community in the framework of seminars, group presentations, exhibitions and technical meetings.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1999. VHS Videotape (length: 18min).

CIS 00-824 Lacosta Berna J.M.
An approach to the phenomenon of spontaneous combustion
Aproximación al fenómeno de las combustiones espontáneas [in Spanish]
Spontaneous combustion mechanisms and other mechanisms of internal warming that produce similar effects as biological warming and exothermal chemical decomposition are described, and some examples are given (grain silos, ignition of hot processed materials, reactivity on contact with oxygen for varnishes, animal fats or plant oils). In addition, guidance is given to persons who are confronted with this type of phenomenon during their work or their research activities.
Mapfre seguridad, 4th Quarter 1999, Vol.19, No.76, p.37-47. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 00-823 Prezant D.J., Kelly K.J., Malley K.S., Karwa M.J., McLaughlin M.T., Hirschorn R., Brown A.
Impact of a modern firefighting protective uniform on the incidence and severity of burn injuries in New York City firefighters
In 1994, The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) changed to modern firefighting protective uniforms, including both protective over-coats and over-pants, whereas traditional uniforms include only the over-coat. Modern uniforms are manufactured using improved thermal protective textiles that meet or exceed current National Fire Protection Association standards for structural firefighting. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the modern uniform on the incidence and severity of FDNY burn injuries and the incidence and severity of other non-burn injuries. The number of lower-extremity burns decreased by 85% when 2 years' experience while wearing the modern uniform was compared with 2 years while wearing the traditional uniforms. Upper-extremity burns and head burns decreased by 65% and 40%, respectively. Severity indicators (days lost to medical leave, hospital admissions and skin grafts) for lower- and upper-extremity burn injuries were all substantially reduced. This occurred without significant change in the incidence or severity of trunk burns, heat exhaustion, inhalation injuries or cardiac events.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 1999, Vol.41, No.6, p.469-479. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 00-826 Fire protection: Fire extinguish media - Powder
This Nordtest method describes test procedures for evaluating the extinguishing efficiency of fire extinguishing powders and the discharge characteristics in portable fire extinguishers. It is suitable for class A, B and C fires.
NORDTEST, P.O. Box 116, 02151, Espoo, Finlande, 2nd ed., 1999. 10p. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 00-508 de la Hougue G.
Fighting against arson
La lutte contre l'incendie volontaire [in French]
Insurance companies estimate that between 25 and 50% of fires are caused by arson. In France, statistics compiled by the Ministry of Interior show a 227% progression in the number of cases of arson between 1987 and 1996. Fires due to arson generally cause more damage than accidental fires, because they are often started in the absence of employees on the premises and with the intention to cause destruction. This article reviews some of the factors that motivate arsonists to act, based on whether the person is an employee or otherwise, and whether the act is pre-mediated or not. Typical vulnerable spots within a company are listed. Finally, it is recommended that the possibility of arson be systematically taken into account in risk analysis and prevention planning.
Face au risque, June-July 1999, No.354, p.27-31. Illus.

CIS 00-317
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Final Rule of 1999: Dipping and coating operations [USA]
Revision of OSHA's standards for the protection of workers from fires, explosions and other hazards during dipping and coating operations.
Federal Register, 23 Mar. 1999, Vol.64, No.55, p.13897-13912.

CIS 00-498 Amyl formates
Contents of this data sheet: hazards of amyl formates (flammable, explosion risk, vigorous reaction with oxidizing compounds); physicochemical properties; precautions; fire fighting.
Fire Prevention, Dec. 1999, No.327, 2p. Insert. 10 ref.

CIS 00-202 Lacosta Berna J.M.
Fire safety regulation in industrial sites
El reglamento de seguridad contra los incendios en establecimientos industriales [in Spanish]
Topics: classification; comment on law; fire protection; fire resistance; fire spread limitation; fireproof materials; fixed extinguishing systems; hazard evaluation; industrial buildings; legislation; Spain.
Prevención, Apr.-June 1999, No.148, p.63-72. Illus.

CIS 00-211
Fire Protection Association
Butyronitrile
Topics: butyronitrile; data sheet; explosion hazards; fire fighting; fire hazards; fire protection; legislation; storage; transfer of liquids; United Kingdom.
Fire Prevention, Nov. 1999, No.326, 2p. Insert.

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