ILO Home
Go to the home page
Site map | Contact us Français | Español
view in a printer-friendly format »

Violence and terrorism - 395 entries found

Your search criteria are

  • Violence and terrorism

2003

CIS 03-1986 Giga S.I., Hoel H., Cooper C.L.
Violence at work in the performing arts and in journalism
This working paper aims to identify issues relating to violence and stress affecting employees working in the media and the performing arts, covering a variety of jobs including acting, dancing, musical performance, media work and front-line journalism. Contents: sector-specific environment as originator of violence and stress at work; scope of violence and stress in media and entertainment; causes of violence and stress; information collection and reporting on violence and stress in media and entertainment; examples of cases of violence and stress in these sectors.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. vii, 20p. 55 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/media/wp201.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1985 Hoel H., Einarsen S.
Violence at work in hotels, catering and tourism
Violence and stress at work are more prevalent in the service sector than in most others, because they arise from the contact between workers and the public and/or the customer. This working paper is a review of the literature on violence at work in hotels, catering and tourism. Contents: definitions; working conditions which may be conducive to violence and stress at work; vulnerable groups of workers; occurrence of violence and stress; economic impact of violence and stress; causes of stress; causes of sexual harassment; causes of violence and bullying (including the role of alcohol and drugs); under-reporting of violence; prevention, reduction, management and coping strategies.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. iii, 35p. 106 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/tourism/wp211.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1924 Bricaire F., Bossi P.
Bioterrorism
Bioterrorisme [in French]
The events that occurred in the United States during October 2001, with the sending of letters containing spores of anthrax, led many countries to reconsider the bioterrorism as a possible threat. Numerous infectious agents could be used as biological weapons, some of which are little known. Following a definition of bioterrorism, this publication describes the following biological agents that could be used with terrorist intent, together with their related clinical symptoms: anthrax, smallpox, plague, tularaemia, botulism, haemorrhagic fever, glanders, Q fever, viral encephalitis, bruccelosis, toxins. It also explains how to recognize these pathologies and confirm the diagnosis, the actions to follow, the therapy and the prophylaxis. Finally, it presents the French emergency plans in the event of a biological attack.
Elsevier SAS, 23 rue Limois, 75725 Paris cedex 15, France, 2003. 115p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 25.00.

CIS 03-1697 Rosskam E., Drewczynski A., Bertolini R.
The insecurities of service: Airport check-in workers
This study examines the occupational health and safety issues of airport check-in work together with the impact of current management practices and work organization on workers' health. It was conducted in Canada and Switzerland at three airports equipped with workstations considered to be representative of airport designs worldwide. The study involved the collection of data by means of questionnaires, interviews and job observations, and the analysis of compensation records. High rates of musculoskeletal injury were observed, resulting from handling of baggage, awkward postures, and the prolonged work on computers in a constrained space. Other hazards include violence, work scheduling, environmental conditions, and uneven workload distribution. Several recommendations are made in view of improving working conditions for check-in workers.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. x, 61p. Illus. 21 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/ses/download/docs/airport.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1669 Roberts S.E.
Work-related mortality among British seafarers employed in flags of convenience shipping, 1976-95
The objective of this study was to analyse the causes of all deaths among British seafarers who were working in flags of convenience merchant shipping between 1976 and 1995, to compare their mortality with that of British seafarers employed in British merchant shipping and to discuss the implications for safety and health. Data from official mortality files were used. Out of 200 deaths in flags of convenience shipping, 68 were caused by illness, 91 by accidents, three by homicide, seven by suicide, four by drug and alcohol intoxication and 27 by unknown causes. Deaths from causes other than diseases, including maritime disasters, were significantly higher in flags of convenience ships than in British ships. There were insufficient data to determine relative mortality rates, and further studies should focus on this aspect.
International Maritime Health, 2003, Vol.54, No.1/4, p.7-25. 28 ref.

CIS 03-1996 Code of practice on workplace violence in services sectors and measures to combat this phenomenon
Recueil de directives pratiques sur la violence au travail dans le secteur des services et mesures visant à combattre ce phénomène [in French]
Repertorio de recomendaciones prácticas sobre la violencia en el lugar de trabajo en el sector de los servicios y medidas para combatirla [in Spanish]
The present code of practice on workplace violence in the service sector and on measures to combat this phenomenon was drawn up by a Meeting of Experts held in Geneva from 8 to 15 October 2003. The Meeting was composed of 12 experts nominated by governments, 12 experts nominated by employers and 12 experts nominated by workers. This code is not a legally binding instrument and is not intended to replace national laws and regulations. The practical recommendations of this publication have been designed to provide guidance to ILO constituents and all those responsible for addressing workplace violence in the service sector. It is based on an analysis of the extent, nature and causes of workplace violence in public and private services. It identifies the roles and responsibilities of governments, employers and workers. The code promotes a proactive approach to prevention, based on occupational safety and health management systems.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. x, 20p.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/mevsws03/mevsws-cp.pdf [in English]
http://www.ilo.org/public/french/dialogue/sector/techmeet/mevsws03/mevsws-cp.pdf [in French]
http://www.ilo.org/public/spanish/dialogue/sector/techmeet/mevsws03/mevsws-cp.pdf [in Spanish]

CIS 03-1476 Mayhew C., Grewal D.
Occupational violence/bullying in the maritime industry: A pilot study
In this study on violence and bullying among seafarers, data were gathered from 108 seafarers of various nationalities by means of questionnaires and structured interviews. The international seafaring labour force was found to exhibit all the characteristics of the precarious labour force: weak labour market position, long hours of work, comparatively poor pay and frequency of violence and bullying. Such findings were not unexpected, given recent comprehensive studies of precarious labour in other industry sectors. However, the major differentiating factor was that seafaring crews are often multicultural, and this sometimes exacerbated tensions, leading to interracial violence, for example. Because most seafarers usually work far from their home social support networks, their vulnerability to a range of exploitative mechanisms is heightened. The implementation of the in-progress ILO code of practice on violence and stress at work in the service sector, based on the report entitled "Violence at work" (see CIS 00-599), may be a key step in reducing the risks of violence and bullying among seafarers.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Oct. 2003, Vol.19, No.5, p.457-463. 23 ref.

CIS 03-1478 Mayhew C., Chappell D.
"Internal" occupational violence (or bullying) in the health care industry
This article focuses on "internal" occupational violence (or bullying) in the health care industry. Analysis of the findings of a range of international research studies indicate at least 8% of health care workers experience bullying of one sort or another from their colleagues each year. A further proportion are the recipients of more overt violence from colleagues. The article argues that these internal violent events are manifest on an escalating continuum of abuse, imposition of unreasonable work practices, threats and physical violence. Thus, the incidents differ in severity. Victims subjected to repeated humiliations and threats suffer diminished well-being and reduced productivity. It is concluded that holistic organization-wide prevention strategies are required for effectively reducing the risks of bullying in health care settings.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Feb. 2003, Vol.19, No.1, p.59-71. 125 ref.

CIS 03-1491 Williams C.
Aboriginal health workers, emotional labour, obligatory community labour and OHS
This article discusses the concepts of "emotional labour" and "obligatory community labour", to examine the occupational safety and health hazards and outcomes for Aboriginal primary health care workers in South Australia. Aboriginal health workers use their own emotions as cultural brokers to improve health outcomes for Aboriginal patients. Working in this community involves extra duties associated with Aboriginal identity, which are essential parts of the job. Interviews of 29 Aboriginal health care workers revealed that they exhibited very high levels of emotional exhaustion, levels which give cause for concern. The workers frequently came to these jobs with a profile of impaired physical health from previous hazardous occupations. Their current health-care jobs are made more stressful because of racism, low standards of cultural sensitivity among their non-Aboriginal colleagues and abuse from patients.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Feb. 2003, Vol.19, No.1, p.21-34. 43 ref.

CIS 03-1500 Everaert K., Van Heuverswyn K.
Violence, bullying and sexual harassment at work
Violence et harcèlement moral ou sexuel au travail [in French]
This guide presents the scope of application of the Law of 11 June 2002 on the protection of workers against violence, bullying or sexual harassment which came into force in Belgium on 1 July 2002. It outlines the responsibilities as specified by the law, the role of the occupational safety and health advisor and of the trusted advisor with respect to bullying, the protection of workers and penalties. It also proposes a practical step-by-step approach for implementing a policy for the prevention of bullying. Appendices include examples of an information notice aimed at workers, an enterprise policy statement and a form for notifying undesirable behaviour at the workplace.
PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2003. 23p. Price: EUR 12.95.

CIS 03-1041 Atomic Energy and Radioactive Substances - The Nuclear Industries Security Regulations 2003 [United Kingdom]
These Regulations provide for the regulation of the civil nuclear industry for security purposes, in line with the provisions of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001. They prescribe certain types of radioactive materials as "nuclear material". In addition to providing for the security of nuclear premises, they regulate the safe transportation of nuclear material. In annex: classification of nuclear materials from the point of view of minimum quantities subject to regulation.
HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2003. (Also: TSO Online Bookshop, http://www.tso.co.uk/bookshop/). 22p. Price: GBP 4.00.
http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si2003/20030403.htm [in English]

CIS 03-1261 Alcouffe J., Biardeau B., Boyer-Raby H., Manillier P.
Caretakers of high-rise buildings (HRBs)
L'agent de sécurité d'immeuble de grande hauteur (IGH) [in French]
Following a brief overview on high-rise buildings (HRBs) in the Paris region, this article defines the job of HRB caretakers, describes their main tasks and makes recommendations with respect to their medical supervision. The key points concerning this activity are presented on an information sheet appended to the article (insert): characteristics of the job; description of the tasks; hazards and constraints; health effects and occupational pathology; prevention; regulations; health and work aptitude.
Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 2003, Vol.43, No.1, p.25-31. Illus. 6 ref. + Insert 2p.

CIS 03-1497 Rogers K.A., Chappell D.
Preventing and responding to violence at work
Workplace violence is one of today's most serious occupational hazards. This practical guide offers information on how to systematically design and implement workplace prevention programmes and policies. It presents concrete guidance for combating violence in the workplace while also providing a wider understanding of the factors and conditions which contribute to it. It describes the risk-management process, reviews an array of existing guidelines and policies, offers a number of key strategies for reducing risk in the workplace and discusses how to prepare for, respond to, and recover from a critical incident of violence. Useful checklists and reporting sample forms are included.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. xi, 139p. Illus. 71 ref. Index. Price: CHF 25.00.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/socsec/download/esspaper16.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1118 Di Martino V., Gold D., Schaap A.
Managing emerging health-related problems at work - SOLVE: Stress, Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs, HIV/AIDS, Violence
Gérer les problèmes émergents liés à la santé dans le monde du travail - SOLVE : Stress, violence, alcool et drogue, VIH/sida, tabagisme [in French]
SOLVE is an interactive educational programme designed to assist in the development of policy and action to address psychosocial issues at the workplace. Stress, alcohol and drugs, violence (both physical and psychological), HIV/AIDS and tobacco all lead to health-related problems for the worker and lower productivity for the enterprise or organization. Taken together, they represent a major cause of accidents, fatal injuries, disease and absenteeism at work in both industrialized and developing countries. SOLVE focuses on prevention in translating concepts into policies and policies into action at the national and enterprise levels. This training package (folder and CD-ROM) provides the foundation for a five-day interactive training course with a goal to give participants the knowledge and skills to formulate a comprehensive policy and strategies to address these issues in the workplace. (See also CIS 01-746).
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. Loose-leaf folder. Approx.120p. Illus. Bibl.ref. + CD-ROM.

CIS 03-1117
Health and Safety Executive
Real solutions, real people - A managers' guide to tackling work-related stress
This tutorial kit contains practical advice on finding ways to tackle the causes of stress at work. It builds on the familiar risk assessment approach. It includes case studies which deal with specific aspects of work-design of various occupations identified as organizational risk factors for work-related stress (demands, control, support, relationships, role and change). The kit comprises a folder containing a guidance booklet, a guide aimed at managers, a guide for employees, 25 cards containing possible solutions, ideas or case studies, and a poster where the steps of the action plan are summarized.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2003. Folder contaning: Booklet (v, 65p., Illus.); Managers' guide (v, 42p. 21 ref.); Guide for employees (4p., 1 ref.; 25 solution cards; poster). Price: GBP 25.00.

CIS 03-1234 Mirabelli M.C., Loomis D., Richardson D.B.
Fatal occupational injuries among self-employed workers in North Carolina
Earlier research suggests that rates of occupational injury and death may be higher among self-employed workers than in the salaried population. This analysis was conducted to describe the demographic and occupational characteristics, as well as the injuries, activities and occupations of self-employed workers who are fatally injured on the job. Characteristics of workers by type of employment were compared using official statistics from the State of North Carolina for the period 1978-1994. Fatality rated by age, activity and industry in 395 self-employed workers were contrasted to 1,654 employed workers. The highest fatal injury rates among the self-employed occurred in agriculture, retail trade and transportation. Homicide deaths occurred more frequently among self-employed workers, while deaths resulting from unintentional injuries occurred more frequently among non-self-employed workers. These findings provide justification for addressing work-related conditions of self-employed workers in North Carolina.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 2003, Vol.44, No.2, p.182-190. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 03-998 Marchand A., Boyer R., Iucci S., Martin A., St.-Hilaire M.H., Guay S.
Prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder among employees of a convenience-store chain having experienced armed robberies
La prévention du trouble de stress post-traumatique chez les employés de dépanneurs victimes de vols à main armée [in French]
This report consists of a literature review on post-traumatic stress disorder among victims of assaults, as well as a survey carried out among employees of a convenience-store chain having experienced armed robberies. The purpose of the study was to establish whether victims who had benefited from short psychological interventions ("debriefings") were at reduced risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms compared to those who had not received this counselling. Result suggest some lowering of risk, but are insufficiently conclusive. Further work is under way, particularly on the importance of debriefings, with results expected soon.
Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H3A 3C2, Canada, May. 2003. vii, 73p. Illus. 127 ref.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/htmfr/pdf_txt/R-330.pdf [in French]

CIS 03-614 Dyson R.
New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy
Rautaki Ārai Whara o Aotearoa [in Maori]
National strategy document developed by the New Zealand Government with the intention of reducing to a significant degree the impact of injuries in the country. The strategy is for all government and non-government organizations, businesses, families and whānau (traditional Māori extended families) involved in the field of injury prevention. The strategy includes ten key objectives and actions: 1 - Raise awareness and commitment to injury prevention; 2 - Strengthen injury prevention capacity and capability; 3 - Design and develop safe environments, systems and products; 4 - Maintain and enhance the legislative and policy framework supporting injury prevention; 5 - Integrate injury prevention activity through collaboration and co-ordination; 6 - Advance injury prevention knowledge and information; 7 - Develop and implement effective injury prevention interventions; 8 - Ensure appropriate resource levels for injury prevention; 9 - Develop, implement and monitor national injury prevention strategies for priority areas; 10 - Foster leadership in injury prevention. Six priority injury prevention areas were identified: motor vehicle accidents; suicide and other types of self-harm; falls; workplace injuries (including occupational diseases); assault; drowning and near-drowning incidents. In annex: basic statistics of injuries in New Zealand; a summary in Māori of the ten key objectives and actions.
Strategy & Research Division, Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC), P.O. Box 1595, Wellington, New Zealand, June 2003. 31p. Illus.
http://www.nzips.govt.nz/strategy.htm [in English]

CIS 03-687 Tomoda S.
Public emergency services: Social dialogue in a changing environment
Les services publics d'urgence: dialogue social dans un environnement en mutation [in French]
Los servicios públicos de urgencia: El diálogo social en un medio en constante evolución [in Spanish]
Prepared as discussion basis for an ILO Joint Meeting held from 27 to 31 January 2003, this report addresses the working conditions at public emergency services in a changing environment. Indeed, workers in theses services (firemen, policemen, emergency service workers) face events that may cause acute psychological stress and the volume of their work is growing as a result of rising crime rates, increasing number of traffic accidents, acts of terrorism and demographic factors requiring more emergency medical services. Main topics covered: nature of public emergency services; employment trends; working conditions; occupational safety and health; human resources; coordination among different services: social dialogue and rights at work.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. v, 110p. Illus. Price: CHF 20.00.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/jmpes03/jmpes-r.pdf [in English]
http://www.ilo.org/public/french/dialogue/sector/techmeet/jmpes03/jmpes-r.pdf [in French]
http://www.ilo.org/public/spanish/dialogue/sector/techmeet/jmpes03/jmpes-r.pdf [in Spanish]

CIS 03-706 Social workers
Trabajadores sociales [in Spanish]
This guide in the form of check lists describes potential hazards involved in social work and the main corresponding prevention elements. Contents: workplaces and equipment; electrical hazards; harmful chemicals; physical hazards (noise); biological agents; fires and explosions; workplace design; psychosocial factors; other risk factors; legislation; risk assessment methods.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2003. 51p. Illus. 32 ref.
http://internet.mtas.es/Insht/practice/gap_026.pdf [in Spanish]

CIS 03-350 Guidance for filtration and air-cleaning systems to protect building environments from airborne chemical, biological, or radiological attacks
This document proposes preventive measures that building owners and managers can implement to protect building air environments from an airborne chemical, biological or radiological (CBR) terrorist attack. Main topics covered: filtration and air-cleaning principles; recommendations regarding filter and sorbent selection, operations, upgrade and maintenance; economic considerations (initial, operation and replacement costs, cost data). In appendices: description of CBR threats; gas-phase air-cleaning principles.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Apr. 2003. xv, 62p. Illus. 66 ref.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-136/2003-136.html [in English]

2002

CIS 10-0147 World report on violence and health - Summary
Rapport mondial sur la violence et la santé - Résumé [in French]
Contents of this booklet summarizing a report on violence and health: violence - a universal challenge; the forms and contents of violence; what can be done to prevent violence; recommendations for action; conclusion.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. 44p. Illus. 235 ref.
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/a76808_fre.pdf [in French]

CIS 09-992 Cooper C.L., Swanson N.
Workplace violence in the health sector - State of the art
Key findings of the review on workplace violence in the health sector: violence has become an issue of increasing concern in the workplace over the past 15 years, particularly in Europe, Australia and North America. In the United States, 85% of all non-fatal assaults occur in the retail and service sectors. Within the service sector, health care workers face a 16-fold higher risk of violence than workers of other services sectors. A recent United Kingdom study indicates that abusive actions from fellow workers such as harassment and bullying may also be pervasive in health care.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. ix, 76p. Illus. Bibl.ref.
http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/violence/activities/workplace/WVstateart.pdf [in English]

CIS 09-991 di Martino V.
Workplace violence in the health sector - Country case studies
As part of the Joint Programme of the International Labour Office (ILO), the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the World Health Organization (WHO) and Public Services International (PSI) to develop sound policies and practical approaches for the prevention and elimination of violence in the health sector launched in 2000, a number of country studies were realized to fill major information gaps and provide evidence for the drafting of guidelines to address workplace violence in the health sector (see CIS 09-000; ISN7). This report contains summaries of the following country studies: Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Portugal, South Africa and Thailand.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. xi, 42p. Illus. 12 ref.
http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/violence/activities/workplace/WVsynthesisreport.pdf [in English]

CIS 09-1000 Framework guidelines for addressing workplace violence in the health sector
Directives générales sur la violence au travail dans le secteur de la santé [in French]
La violencia laboral en el sector de la salud [in Spanish]
The International Labour Office (ILO), the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the World Health Organization (WHO) and Public Services International (PSI) launched in 2000 a Joint Programme to develop sound policies and practical approaches for the prevention and elimination of violence in the health sector. These guidelines are intended to support all those responsible for safety in the workplace, be it governments, employers, workers, trade unions, professional bodies or members of the public. They were based on a number of country studies as well as cross-cutting theme studies carried out to fill major information gaps. They offer guidance through the complexity of issues to be considered when developing anti-violence policies and strategies for all work-settings in the health sector, and can be adapted to meet local and national needs and constraints.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. 31p. 17 ref.
http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/violence/interpersonal/en/WVguidelinesEN.pdf [in English]
http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/violence/interpersonal/en/russiandoc.pdf [in Russian]
http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/violence/interpersonal/en/WVguidelinesSP.pdf [in Spanish]
http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/violence/interpersonal/en/workplace_violence.fr.pdf [in French]

CIS 07-332
Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft (seco)
Practical examples of the promotion of safety and health within the enterprise and psychosocial problems at the place of work, with emphasis on stress
Praxisbeispiele der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung und psychosoziale Probleme am Arbeitsplatz, insbesondere Stress [in German]
Exemples pratiques de la promotion de la santé dans l'entreprise et problèmes psychosociaux au poste de travail, en particulier le stress [in French]
Folder containing documents distributed to the participants of a conference on psychosocial problems at work held in Berne, Switzerland, on 21 and 22 October 2002. Papers presented are included either in the form of full articles, PowerPoint presentations or abstracts. Other information includes information sheets on stress published by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, the conference programme, list of participants, biographical summaries of the speakers and details of an ILO training programme on psychosocial problems at work.
Suva, Gesundheitsschutz, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 2002. Folder containing conference materials.

CIS 05-749
Health and Safety Executive
Work-related violence - Case studies - Managing the risk in smaller businesses
Work-related violence has serious consequences for employees and the businesses they work for. Victims may suffer not only physical injury, but also psychological effects, such as anxiety and stress. For their employers this can represent a real financial cost. This guide presents 10 case studies showing how owners and managers of small businesses can successfully manage the risk of violence. The case studies are grouped according to four business sectors: retail, health and welfare, security and enforcement, leisure and service providers.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, June 2002. iv, 36p. Illus. 12 ref. Price: GBP 9.50.

CIS 05-246 Saarela K.L., Gold D., Miretsky G., Nikanov A., Bykov V., Nikanova A., Talykova L., Menckel E., Eliasson M., Geijer P., Viitsara E., Isotalus N.
Violence at work
Collection of articles on violence at work in the Nordic countries and Russia. Topics covered: the ILO SOLVE programme for managing psychosocial issues at work; Russian view of the problem of violence at work; Swedish research in the field of violence at work; verbal abuse and violence in the school environment; survey of violence in the health care sector in Sweden; pilot study of threats and violence at all-night retail stores in Stockholm; prevention of physical violence at work.
Barents - Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 2002, Vol.5, No.1, p.3-31 (whole issue). Illus. 34 ref.
http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/218DC65A-A8F3-4273-861D-F926C5AA717B/0/barents02_1.pdf [in English]

CIS 04-500 How to tackle psychosocial issues and reduce work-related stress
Hvorledes håndteres psykosociale spørgsmål, og hvorledes reduceres arbejdsbetinget stress [in Danish]
Über den Umgang mit psychosozialen Problemen und die Reduzierung von arbeitsbedingtem Stress [in German]
Trópoi antimetṓpisēs tōn psuhokoinōnikṓn themátōn kai meíōsēs tou ághous pou ofeíletai stēn ergasía [in Greek]
Cómo abordar los problemas psicosociales y reducir el estrés laboral [in Spanish]
Kuidas lahendada psühhosotsiaalseid küsimusi ja vähendada tööstressi [in Estonian]
Att hantera psykosociala frågor och minska arbetsrelaterad stress [in Swedish]
Problèmes psychosociaux et stress au travail [in French]
Combattere la pressione psicosociale e ridurre lo stress legato al lavoro [in Italian]
Aanpak van psychosociale problemen en vermindering van stress op het werk [in Dutch]
Como enfrentaros riscos psicossociais e reduzir o Stresse no Trabalho [in Portuguese]
Ako zvládnut' psychosociálne problémy a znížit pracovný stres [in Slovak]
Miten psykososiaalisia kysymyksiä olisi käsiteltävä ja työperäistä stressiä vähennettävä? [in Finnish]
This fact sheet summarizes a report covering a number of programmes, practices and experiences across the Member States of the EU aimed at addressing psychosocial issues and preventing work-related stress. Topics covered: aims of the report; legislation and national regulations; improvements of the psychosocial work environment; reduction of stress; prevention of violence; prevention of bullying; success factors of good practice in stress prevention.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2002. 2p. Illus. 2 ref.
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/sv/FACTSHEETSN32-SV.PDF [in Swedish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/en/FACTSHEETSN32-EN.PDF [in English]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/es/FACTSHEETSN32-ES.PDF [in Spanish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/fr/FACTSHEETSN32-FR.PDF [in French]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/da/FACTSHEETSN32-DA.PDF [in Danish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/de/FACTSHEETSN32-DE.PDF [in German]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/et/facts32_et.pdf [in Estonian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/el/FACTSHEETSN32-GR.PDF [in Greek]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/it/FACTSHEETSN32-IT.PDF [in Italian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/nl/FACTSHEETSN32-NL.PDF [in Dutch]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/pt/FACTSHEETSN32-PT.PDF [in Portuguese]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/sk/Fact32_SK.pdf [in Slovak]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/32/fi/FACTSHEETSN32-FI.PDF [in Finnish]

CIS 04-497 Violence at work
Vold på arbejdspladsen [in Danish]
Våld på arbetsplatsen [in Swedish]
Bía stēn ergasía [in Greek]
La violencia en el trabajo [in Spanish]
Töövägivald [in Estonian]
Työpaikalla tapahtuva häirintä ja väkivalta [in Finnish]
La violence au travail [in French]
La violenza sul lavoro [in Italian]
Smurtas darbe [in Lithuanian]
Geweld (agressie) op de werkplek [in Dutch]
Violência no trabalho [in Portuguese]
Násilie na pracovisku [in Slovak]
Nasilje na delovnem mestu [in Slovenian]
Gewalt bei der Arbeit [in German]
Violence at work is a significant cause of work-related stress (WRS, CIS 04-495). Prevention of violence at work is one of the objectives of the European Commission in its new strategy on safety and health at work. This fact sheet gives information and suggestions for persons seeking to take practical action to tackle violence at work. Topics covered: definition of violence; persons affected; risk factors; consequences; EU legislation; prevention of violence at the workplace.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2002. 2p. Illus. 5 ref.
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/sv/FACTSHEETSN24-SV_.PDF [in Swedish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/en/FACTSHEETSN24_EN.PDF [in English]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/es/FACTSHEETSN24-ES_.PDF [in Spanish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/fr/FACTSHEETSN24-FR_.PDF [in French]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/da/FACTSHEETSN24-DA.pdf [in Danish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/de/FACTSHEETSN24-DE.pdf [in German]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/et/facts24_et.pdf [in Estonian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/el/FACTSHEETSN24-GR.PDF [in Greek]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/it/FACTSHEETSN24-IT_.PDF [in Italian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/lt/faktai24.pdf [in Lithuanian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/nl/FACTSHEETSN24-NL_.PDF [in Dutch]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/pt/FACTSHEETSN24-PT_.PDF [in Portuguese]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/sk/Fact24_SK.pdf [in Slovak]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/sl/FACTS24_SL.pdf [in Slovenian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/24/fi/FACTSHEETSN24-FI_.PDF [in Finnish]

CIS 03-1579 Janicak C.A., Weber W., Cox C.A., Valent F., McGwin G., Bovenzi M., Barbone F., Fabrega V., Starkey S.
Fatal workplace injuries in 2000: A collection of data and analysis
Statistics of fatal occupational injuries in the United States for the year 2000, preceded by four research articles on the subject. Contents: racial differences in occupational firearm homicides; work-related injuries in 1998; fatal work-related inhalation of harmful substances in the United States; fatal occupational injuries among Hispanic construction workers in Texas; national statistics of fatal occupational injuries; data by State, region and industry sector; census of occupational injury fatality rates; profiles of fatal work injuries and hazards.
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Postal Square Building, Rm 2850, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20212-0001, USA, 2002. vi, 209p. lllus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 03-1499 Poucet V., Ponnet V.
Protection against violence, bullying and sexual harassment in the workplace
La protection contre la violence et le harcèlement moral ou sexuel au travail [in French]
De bescherming tegen geweld, pesterijen en ongewenst seksueel gedrag op het werk [in Dutch]
This document consists of a comment on the Law of 11 June 2002 on the protection of workers against violence, bullying or sexual harassment which came into force in Belgium on 1 July 2002. Contents: definitions; scope; prevention of violence, bullying and sexual harassment; general principles, protection of workers; protection of employers; protection of third parties; interim measures; other legislation on sexual harassment in the workplace.
Federaal Ministerie van Tewerkstelling en Arbeid, Belliardstraat 51, 1040 Brussel, Belgium, Sep. 2002. 68p. Illus. 10 ref.
http://www.meta.fgov.be/pdf/pd/frdd36.pdf [in French]
http://www.meta.fgov.be/pdf/pd/nldd33.pdf [in Dutch]

CIS 03-1119 Key for preventing and combating violence, bullying and sexual harassment in the workplace
Clés pour prévenir et lutter contre la violence et le harcèlement moral ou sexuel au travail [in French]
Wegwijs in ... de preventie en bescherming tegen geweld, pesten en ongewenst seksueel gedrag op het werk [in Dutch]
New regulations concerning the protection of workers against violence, bullying or sexual harassment came into force in Belgium on 1 July 2002. Aimed in particular at persons within the enterprise responsible for applying the regulations, the objective of this booklet is to help better understand the scope of the regulations. Contents: definitions and scope of the regulations; occupational safety and health policies; role of the occupational safety and health advisor; role of the trusted advisor; workers' protection; protection of employers and third parties; penalties; help to victims.
Federaal Ministerie van Tewerkstelling en Arbeid, Belliardstraat 51, 1040 Brussel, Belgium, Oct. 2002. 56p. Illus.
http://meta.fgov.be/pdf/pd/frdd38.pdf [in French]
http://meta.fgov.be/pdf/pd/nldd35.pdf [in Dutch]

CIS 03-1141 Annual report 02
Annual report of the Belgian Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Prevent) for the year 2002. Contents: objectives; participation in national and European networks; studies and projects (occupational safety and health in small and medium enterprises, mapping out European occupational safety and health research, identification of good practices, integrating safety and health into general education, working with laptop computers, harassment and violence at the workplace); publications and supply of information; training sessions and workshops; organization; financial highlights.
PREVENT, rue Gachard 88, Bte 4, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2002. 23p. Illus.

CIS 03-970 Winstanley S., Whittington R.
Anxiety, burnout and coping styles in general hospital staff exposed to workplace aggression: A cyclic model of burnout and vulnerability to aggression
This study compared anxiety, coping styles and burnout among hospital staff according to the frequency of aggressive experiences. A sub-sample was also examined to determine any immediate after-effects from aggressive encounters. 375 healthcare workers across professions completed questionnaires which were analysed according to the type and frequency of aggression experienced within the preceding year. There were no significant differences in levels of anxiety or in coping styles. However, significant differences were determined in levels of burnout. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were significantly higher among staff more frequently victimized. A cyclical model is proposed according to which burnout from all sources might increase vulnerability to victimization. Increases in emotional exhaustion lead directly to an increase in depersonalization as a coping mechanism, which subsequently manifests as a negative behavioural change toward patients, thus rendering staff more vulnerable to further aggression.
Work and Stress, Oct.-Dec. 2002, Vol.16, No.4, p.302-315. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 03-851 Local Emergency Planning Committees - Guarding the safety of your community
Hazardous chemicals are part of modern fife. While chemicals are generally handled safely, serious accidents in the mid-1980s led the United States Congress to create Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs). LEPCs prevent and plan the response to accidental or deliberate chemical incidents. This videotape tells the history behind the creation of LEPCs and the community members who belong to them and explains what LEPCs do to guard the safety of your community.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, USA, 2002. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/ceppo/ . Videotape (NTSC format, length: 23min).

CIS 03-992 Schatte S., Weißgerber B.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin
Violence at the place of work
Gewalt am Arbeitsplatz [in German]
Proceedings of a conference on violence at the place of work held in Dresden, Germany, 26 February 2002. Main topics covered: violence in the retail sector and in health services; safety of employees in contact with clients; risks of accidents resulting from the challenging of individuals by security service agents; violence de-escalation model implemented by police services; prevention of violence at places of learning; taking bullying and violence into account in enterprise occupational safety and health management systems; schemes for the prevention of violence in hospitals; activities of the German Occupational Safety and Health Institute (BGAG) with respect to violence at the place of work.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2002. 115p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 12.50.

CIS 03-976 Everaet K.
Prevention of undesirable attitudes at the workplace
La prévention des comportements indésirables au travail [in French]
According to the provisions of the Belgian law on well-being, each person working within an enterprise has responsibilities with respect to the safety, health and well-being of their fellow-workers and themselves. The new law of 11 June 2002 on the protection against violence, bullying and sexual harassment at work further specifies that each worker is required to refrain from all these types of act and to participate actively in the related preventive policies. Aimed at employers, this article presents the practical aspects of the implementation of this law within the enterprise and proposes the participatory risk analysis approach as a tool for the diagnosis and the prevention of undesirable attitudes at the workplace.
Travail et bien-être, Sep.-Oct. 2002, Vol.5, No.4, p.6-11. Illus.

CIS 03-562 Violence - Occupational hazards in hospitals
Recent data indicate that hospital workers are at increased risk for experiencing violence in the workplace. This booklet aimed at increasing worker and employer awareness of the risk factors for violence in hospitals and at providing strategies for reducing exposure to these factors. Topics covered: types of workplace violence; workers at risk; areas where violence may occur; effects of violence (injury, disability, psychological trauma, death); risk factors; prevention strategies for employers; dealing with the consequences of violence; safety tips for hospital workers; case reports of effective strategies.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Apr. 2002. iv, 10p. 9 ref.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/2002-101.html [in English]

CIS 03-497 Brown Schaffer K., Casteel C., Kraus J.F.
A case-site/control-site study of violent injury
Workers in the retail and service industries are at high risk of being victims of workplace violence. While studies have examined the association between environmental and community factors on robbery risk, few have examined risk factors for fatal and nonfatal employee violent injury. A matched case-site control-site study was conducted among various retail and service establishments in seven California counties. An interview and environmental assessment was performed in each participating business. Over half of the injury events occurring in case-sites were robbery-related, and nearly 13% were fatal. Businesses open 24 hours and those having a history of violent events were found to be at an increased risk of employee injury.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2002, Vol.44, No.11, p.1018-1026. 22 ref.

CIS 03-496 Sapir M., Koukoulaki T., Levi L., Perimäki-Dietrich R., Vogel L., Tudor O., Schaufeli W.B., Kompier M.A.J., D'Hertefelt H., Péters S., Kristensen T.S., Lindström K., Aptel M., Cnockaert J.C., Douillet P., Schweitzer J.M.
Stress at work
Contents of this special issue on stress at work: review of trade union activities in Europe in the area of stress prevention; European Commission's guidance on occupational stress; violence at the workplace; legal aspects of psychological harassment at work; work-related stress in the United Kingdom; managing job stress in the Netherlands; measuring psychological workload in Belgium; questionnaire on working conditions; presentation of the Copenhagen and Nordic questionnaires for assessing psychosocial factors at work; stress and upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders; stress and musculoskeletal disorders in France.
Newsletter of the European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety - Bulletin d'information du Bureau technique syndical européen pour la santé et la sécurité, Sep. 2002, No. 19-20, p.1-59 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 03-494 Saarela K.L., Di Martino V., Gold D., Mkhumba N.J., Donaldson M., Isotalus N., Adamson M., Kisamo D., Mndeme R., Mutabazi C., Manda N., Ley Miti R.
Violence at work
This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of violence at work. Contents: holistic approach to responding to violence at the workplace; managing psychosocial issues at work; national approach to preventing violence against women in Malawi; responding to violence in the workplace in South Africa; prevention of physical violence at work. Other topics: impact of agrochemicals in crop production and protection in sub-Saharan Africa; need for an occupational safety and health management information system in Uganda; chemical hazard communication system launched in Zambia.
African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Apr. 2002, Vol.12, No.1, p.1-23 (whole issue). Illus. 33 ref.

CIS 03-261 Sebastian L.P., Tubelonia R.M.
Safety and health concerns of working persons with disabilities - Report of Proceedings #3
Summary of the discussions during a workshop on disabled persons at work, held at Quezon City, Philippines, 22 July 2002. Topics covered: employability; problem of lack of qualifications; safety and health concerns; improvements of premises (signs, passageways, handrails, slippery floors; ramps, guarding of machinery); safety and health tips; preventing lifestyle-related diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer); case descriptions of disabled workers (visually-impaired workers, workers with amputated arms or legs).
Department of Labor and Employment, Occupational Safety and Health Center, OSHC Building, North Avenue corner Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, July 2002. 16p. Illus.

CIS 03-242 Laraqui C.H,, Laraqui O., Douma A., Mounassif M., Rahhali A.
Perception of occupational hazards among health care workers in prisons in Morocco
Perception des risques professionnels chez le personnel de soins en milieu carcéral au Maroc [in French]
The aim of this study was to identify the perception of occupational hazards among health care workers in prison, to evaluate their satisfaction at work and to propose preventive measures. This survey was carried out in 2000 in several prisons. Among the 140 distributed questionnaires, 58% were recovered. 72.8% of the staff declared that night guard had a negative influence on their work and health and 90.1% on their social life. 35% found the working atmosphere confined, 80.2% complained of physical constraints including 50.6% from draught, 35% from excessive heat and 74% from humidity. Poor lighting of the premises was underlined by 55.5%. The most feared infectious diseases were tuberculosis (98.8%), scabies (93.8%), syphilis (91.4%), viral hepatitis (41.9%) and HIV (41.9%). Risky objects most frequently mentioned were hollow needles (80.2%), solid needles (76.5%), blades and scalpels (75.2%). Incidents involving exposure to blood were reported by 87.7% of the staff 80.2% had been threatened by prisoners. Only 2.5% had benefited from training in hygiene and prevention.
Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, Sep. 2002, Vol.63, No.5, p.374-381. 15 ref.

CIS 03-110 Guidance for protecting building environments from airborne chemical, biological or radiological attacks
This document provides guidance on preventive measures to be adopted by building owners and managers to protect air environments from a terrorist release of chemical, biological or radiological contaminants. These recommendations focus on short-term actions and are to be considered only as a first step of a process to develop more comprehensive guidance. Contents: scope; background; importance of understanding current building systems; specific recommendations (things not to be done; physical security; ventilation and filtration; maintenance; administration and training); decisions and measures.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, May 2002. vii, 28p. Illus. 16 ref.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bldvent/pdfs/2002-139.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-372 Thornbory G.
A case of when, not if
This article reviews some of the papers that were presented at a conference entitled "Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism - An introduction for occupational physicians" held in London, United Kingdom, on 17 April 2002. It discusses the psychological and physical effects of terrorist attacks, as well as the role of occupational safety and health practitioners in ensuring that appropriate hazard evaluations are undertaken and preventive strategies implemented. Emergency workers are exposed to physical contaminants at the attack sites, and may suffer from psychological effects long after the attack. It is recommended that occupational safety and health plans take the risk of terrorist attacks into account, and that enterprises coordinate their plans closely with government agencies at the local and national levels.
Occupational Health, June 2002, Vol.54, No.6, p.19-20. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 03-167 35th Conference on safety, health and the environment
35 Congreso de seguridad, salud y ambiente [in Spanish]
This CD-ROM consists of the documents of plenary sessions, round table discussions, debates and courses of the 35th conference on safety, health and the environment held in Bogotá, Colombia, from 18 to 21 June 2002. Main topics covered: hazard management in the process industries; tools for the management of psychosocial hazards; marketing of safety, health and environmental programmes; inspection and maintenance of fire protection systems; prevention of non-occupational accidents; evaluation and control of occupational cancer; ecotoxicology; cyberergonomics; violence in occupational settings and its consequences on enterprise productivity; behaviour-based safety; legislation.
Consejo Colombiano de Seguridad, Carrera 20, No. 39-62, 6839 Bogotá, Colombia, [2002]. CD-ROM (requires Windows).

CIS 03-483 Ramakul K., Di Martino V., Gold D., Musri M., Daud R., Isotalus N., Kauppinen K., Kapur A.
Violence at workplaces
This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of violence at work. Contents: holistic approach to responding to violence at the workplace; managing psychosocial issues at work; occupational safety and health perspectives of violence at work; prevention of physical violence at work; labour and gender perspective on violence at the workplace. Other topics: review article on a leadership workshop for women managers in the broadcasting sector in the Asia-Pacific region.
Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Mar. 2002, Vol.9, No.1, p.1-19 (whole issue). Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 02-1864 Fahy R.F., Leblanc P.R.
2001 firefighter fatalities report
The worst loss of firefighters in the history of the United States occurred on 11 September 2001, when the Fire Department of New York City lost 340 workers in the collapse of the towers of the World Trade Center. This article focuses, however, on the 99 other firefighters who died on duty in 2001, as a reminder that such fatalities take place every year. Statistics cover the following aspects: long-term trends in fatalities, the number of fires and the death rate per fire; fatalities as a function of age; fatalities as a function of the nature of injury; major causes of fatal accidents (burns, smoke inhalation, crushing injuries). Twelve short descriptions of fatal accidents having occurred in 2001 are included.
NFPA Journal, July-Aug. 2002, Vol.96, No.4, p.68-80. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 02-1610 Landrigan P.J., Spadafora R., Lippy B.E., Thurston G.D., Chen L.C., Levin S., Herbert R., Skloot G., Szeinuk J., Teirstein A., Fischler D., Milek D., Piligian G., Wilk-Rivard E., Moline J., Malievskaya E., Rosenberg N., Morkowitz S., Clark P., Clark N., Kotelchuck D., Lioy P.J., Shufro J., Gochfeld M.
Lessons learned: Worker health and safety since September 11, 2001
Brief reports presented at the annual meeting of the New York/New Jersey Occupational Safety and Health Educational Research Center (UOSHERR) held on 5 April 2002 on occupational safety and health issues in light of experiences gained following the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York City on 11 September, 2001. Contents: fire fighter safety and health; safety and health of heavy equipment operators; risk communication; health effects; assessing the health of immigrant workers; response of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); joint labour-management safety and health model; fire and emergency safety issues; perspective on the tragedy; lessons learned on environmental, occupational and residential exposures.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec 2002, Vol.42, No.6, p.529-565. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 02-2000 Perriard J., Weissbrodt R.
Violence at work
La violence au travail [in French]
Violence is an emerging topic of concern in the area of occupational safety and health. This booklet proposes several leads for exploring the issue of violence, analysing the situation and implementing appropriate actions involving the cooperation of management and employees. Contents: introduction; definitions of external violence; hazardous situations; sociological framework for analysing acts of violence; consequences of violence; prevention of violence at the workplace.
Département de l'économie, de l'emploi et des affaires extérieures, Office cantonal de l'inspection des relations du travail, 23, rue Ferdinand-Hodler, Case postale 3974, 1211 Genève 3, Switzerland, 2002. 45p. Illus. 20 ref. Price: CHF 16.00.

< previous | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | next >