Genetic factors in reaction to exposures - 1,840 entries found

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1974

CIS 75-1430 Ščickova A.P.
Evaluation of the specific action of pesticides on the human body
Nekotorye aspekty ocenki specifičeskogo dejstvija na organizm pesticidov [in Russian]
Account of animal and in vitro experiments to study allergic reactions to pesticides and certain other toxic substances by electrophoresis, antibody determination and an imprint technique enabling changes in the skin microflora to be studied. Some results of investigations into the genetic effects of pesticides and of tissue culture studies are given.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Aug. 1974, No.8, p.76-78.

CIS 75-1399 Bokov A.N., Gus'kova S.I., Gus'kov E.P., Mas'ko V.I.
Use of anaphase studies for estimating bone-marrow chromosome aberrations in the hygienic assessment of the mutagenic effect of polymer building materials
Ispol'zovanie anafaznogo metoda učeta hromosomnyh perestroek v kostnom mozge pri gigieničeskoj ocenke mutagennogo ėffekta polimernyh stroitel'nyh materialov [in Russian]
Literature review and results of animal experiments concerning the chromosome aberrations induced by exposure to polymer-containing concretes and putties. It was found that polymer concretes which produced no chronic toxic action in animals had no cytogenic effect. Polymer putties containing unsaturated hydrocarbons, petrol, divinyl and xylene caused changes characteristic of certain toxic effects and an increase (by a factor of almost 2) in the number of chromosome aberrations as compared with a control group.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Aug. 1974, No.8, p.17-20. 6 ref.

CIS 75-1384 Friberg L., Piscator M., Nordberg G.F., Kjellström T.
Cadmium in the environment.
This report updates the earlier review on cadmium carried out by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Environmental Hygiene of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden. It presents and reevaluates all information contained in the first edition and subsequent findings. Chapters cover: analytical methods; occurrence, possible routes of exposure and daily intake; metabolism; respiratory and systemic effects and dose-response relationships; the possibility of carcinogenic and genetic effects; health effects of cadmium in the general environment in Japan; and the need for future research.
CRC Press, 18901 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, Ohio 44128, USA, 2nd edition, 1974. 248p. Illus. 561 ref. Price: US-$29.95.

CIS 75-1353 Criteria for a recommended standard: Occupational exposure to chloroform.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of occupational diseases due to exposure to chloroform. The time-weighted average (TWA) exposure (10-h working day) should not exceed 10ppm (48.9mg/m³) over a 40-h week. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protection, information of employees, work practices, monitoring and record keeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed at some length under the following heads: biological effects of exposure; environmental data and biological evaluation; development of a standard. Procedures for sampling and analysis of chloroform in air are described in detail and useful additional information is given in appendices.
HEW Publication No.(NIOSH)75-114, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, USA, 1974. 120p. 124 ref. Gratis.

CIS 75-1094 Vozovaja M.A.
Development of two generations of progeny from female animals exposed to dichloroethane
O razvitii potomstva dvuh pokolenij, polučennyh ot samok, podvergavšihsja vozdejstviju dihlorėtana [in Russian]
Long-term inhalation experiments with pregnant rats exposed to 57±10mg/m³ of dichloroethane failed to show general toxic effects. However, fertility and the weight of new-born animals were reduced, and the still-birth rate was higher. The progeny of the first and second generations was less viable.
Gigiena i sanitarija, July 1974, No.7, p.25-28. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 75-1081 Sobels F.H.
Chemical mutagenesis and genetic toxicology
Chemische mutagenese en genetische toxicologie [in Dutch]
Genetic toxicology is the discipline dealing with substances which may, after entering the body, reach the gonads and damage them. Metabolic processes may activate such substances or render them ineffective. The article deals with type mutations, the mutation mechanism, chromosomal aberrations, differences between the genetic effects of chemical substances and ionising radiation, the connection between mutations and chromosomal aberrations, specificity, dose-response relationships, genetic toxicology of environmental mutagens, the detection of mutagenic action and the evaluation of potentially genetic damage.
TNO-Project, Oct. 1974, No.10, p.382-388. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 75-1061 Büttner G.
Benzene in the work environment.
Survey of the literature on the systemic action of benzene in acute and chronic poisoning, the experiences in man (damage to the haemopoietic system, chromosome aberrations, relationship between exposure and the amount of benzene in breath and urine), findings in animal experiments (acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenic action, chromosome aberrations). Considerations of the question of safe concentrations of benzene in the work environment in view of the establishment of a threshold limit value (TLV). From the results of the animal studies, benzene cannot be classified as a carcinogen, but a carcinogenic potential should not be excluded. On account of the leukaemogenic effect of benzene and the lack of quantitative measuring data in the low concentration ranges, a guaranteed innocuous TLV cannot be established.
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Kennedyallee 40, 53 Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1974. 63p. 178 ref.

CIS 75-996 Perepečin E.A., Dubova V.M., Semenov L.N., Knjazeva T.G.
Some problems related to the general biological effects and the embryotropic effect of a permanent magnetic field
Nekotorye voprosy obščebiologičeskogo i ėmbriotropnogo dejstvija postojannogo magnitnogo polja [in Russian]
To determine the genetic effects of a magnetic field of industrial strength, the authors exposed gravid white rats to an electromagnetic field supplied by a rectified alternating current of 50Hz. The lines of force of the field were vertical. Exposure of 2h per day to a magnetic field with a power of 8-21kA/m produces biological and embryotropic effects, the degree of which depends on the state of health of the individual and the reactivity of the body.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Sep. 1974, No.9, p.23-26. 3 ref.

CIS 75-771 Vinyl chloride - Hearing before the Subcommittee on Environment of the Committee on Commerce.
Detailed record of testimonies received by this Subcommittee with a wealth of factual and statistical evidence of health damage to workers: acroosteolysis, Raynaud's syndrome, angiosarcoma and other liver damage, gastrointestinal and lung disease, etc. Attention is drawn by witnesses to increasing evidence of mutagenic and teratogenic effects, and hence of the need for both male and female workers not to be exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) during the fertile age. Authoritative statements were made by witnesses representing the scientific and medical professions, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the National Cancer Institute, the Food and Drug Administration, the plastics industry and trade unions, etc. Urgent need for cohort studies among retired workers with prolonged occupational exposure was stressed as well as for research on other monomers and polymers produced or used in industry, and on the interactive effects of VCM with other carcinogens. Future and present action by ACGIH, NIOSH, WHO and other bodies is mentioned.
United States Senate, 93rd Congress, Committee on Commerce, Subcommittee on Environment, 2nd session on dangers of vinyl chloride, 21 Aug. 1974, Washington, D.C. Serial No.93-110, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. USA, 1974. 156p. 96 ref.

CIS 75-472 Trinh Van Bao, Szabó I., Ruzicska P., Czeizel E.
Chromosome studies in persons poisoned with phosphoric acid esters (pesticides)
Kromoszóma-vizsgálatok heveny foszforsav-észter (peszticid) mérgezettekben [in Hungarian]
Results of chromosome studies performed on cultures of peripheral blood from persons suffering from acute phosphoric acid ester poisoning. Blood samples had been taken both during the period of intoxication and 1 and 6 months later. The rate of chromatid breaks, acentric fragments and stable chromosome aberrations (deletions, translocations) was significantly high during the intoxication phase and 1 month later. No definite correlation was found between the frequency of chromosome alterations and the severity of clinical manifestations. Chromosome aberrations were most frequent in cases of thiophosphate poisoning.
Egészségtudomány, 1974, Vol.18, No.4, p.348-360. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 75-458 Chemical carcinogenesis essays.
With the aim of developing criteria to permit a better assessment of the significance of experimental carcinogenesis data for man, a workshop was convened jointly by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium (Brussels, 10-12 Dec. 1973). This volume contains the papers presented and the discussions that each provoked. The contributions are grouped under the following headings: metabolism of carcinogens; carcinogenesis in vitro; and mutagenesis.
IARC Scientific Publications No.10, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France, 1974. 230p. 543 ref. Price: SF.50.00.

CIS 75-452 Lindquist N.G.
An autoradiographic study on the distribution of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid in pregnant mice.
The toxicity of the phenoxy herbicides has been reported to be moderate but teratogenic effects have been produced in rodents by 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) derivatives and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid ethyl ester (MCPA). The distribution of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D in experimental animals has already been investigated. In this study whole-body autoradiography was used to ascertain the distribution of radioactivity after injection of MCPA in pregnant mice. The distribution of MCPA was found to be very similar to that observed for 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D. The results indicate a teratogenic mode of action for MCPA similar to that postulated for 2,4,5-T, i.e. inhibition of the embryotrophic nutrition.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Nov. 1974, Vol.30, No.2, p.227-236. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 75-419 Legator M.S.
Mutagenesis and its environmental implications.
Continuing and expanded efforts in evaluating chemicals for mutagenicity are urgently needed since many chemicals to which humans are exposed have not been tested in this regard. This article deals with: (a) the prevalence of genetic syndromes in the population; (b) the difficulties of detecting specific mutagenic chemicals in humans; and (c) the practical animal procedures at present available for characterising mutagenic compounds. Routine screening of chemicals in the environment and testing of new materials before their marketing offer the most practical means of eliminating agents that contribute to the high incidence of genetic abnormalities.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1974, Vol.16, No.10, p.672-675. 9 ref.

CIS 75-412 Berlin M., Gage J., Jonnson E.
Increased aromatics in motor fuels: A review of the environmental and health effects.
A review concerned with the likely consequences of an increase in the aromatic content of motor fuels associated with a reduction in lead content. It deals with the environmental effects arising from the resultant changes in exhaust gases and with the occupational risks involved in the handling of motor fuels of high aromatic content. Improvements in engine design and exhaust control equipment would appear to constitute the most promising method of reducing the emission of pollutants. With regard to the handling of motor fuels of high aromatic content, the major hazard results from exposure to benzene, the toxic effects of which are discussed. The TLV of benzene should be fixed at 5ppm, which corresponds to a benzene content of motor fuel of the order of 5%.
Work - Environment - Health, 1974, Vol.11, No.1, p.1-20. Illus. 67 ref.

CIS 75-195 Efimenko L.P.
Data on the evaluation of the gonadotropic and mutagenic effects of the herbicide mixture butyl ether/2,4,5-T
(Materialy k ocenke gonadotropnogo i mutagennogo dejstvija gerbicida butylovogo ėfira 2,4,5-T [in Russian]
Description and results of animal experiments designed to determine the systemic toxicity and the gonadotropic and mutagenic effects of the herbicide mixture butyl ether and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The author establisehd a close correlation between the cytogenic effect and the dose; he situated the threshold dose in the region of 0.01mg/kg and the threshold of systemic toxicity in chronic exposure conditions at around 0.1mg/kg; the last-mentioned dose is also the threshold for the gonadotropic effect.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Apr. 1974, No.4, p.24-27. 12 ref.

CIS 74-1954 Zaeva G.N., Ordynskaja N.N., Dubinina L.I., Osipenko N.I., Ivanov V.N.
Establishing a maximum allowable concentration for pyrrolidine in the atmosphere of work premises
Obosnovanie predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii pirrolidina v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
Results of animal research (acute, subacute and chronic exposures) aimed at determining the toxicity and gonadotropic and mutagenic effects of pyrrolidine. This substance is easily absorbed through the skin. A threshold limit value of 0.1mg/m³ is recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Feb. 1974, No.2, p.29-32. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 74-1928 Singh A.R., Lawrence W.H., Autian J.
Mutagenic and antifertility sensitivities of mice to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and bis(methoxyethyl) phthalate (DMEP).
Numerous plastic materials used for medical and paramedical applications as well as for food processing and packaging are made of polyvinyl chloride. To provide the desirable physical characteristics, significant quantities of plasticisers are added. One commonly used group of plasticisers is the phthalic acid esters, probably the most widely used. It is known that small quantities of plasticisers can be leached from such materials by blood, milk and other solutions. This communication presents the results of dominant lethal mutation and antifertility studies on bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dimethoxyethyl phthalate in mice. These 2 phthalate esters produced some degree of dose-dependent and time-dependent antifertility and mutagenic effects.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, July 1974, Vol.29, No.1, p.35-46. 28 ref.

CIS 74-1665 Schwetz B.A., Leong B.K.J., Gehring P.J.
Embryo- and fetotoxicity of inhaled carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethane and methyl ethyl ketone in rats.
Using the results of studies in which pregnant rats were exposed to various concentrations of CCl₄, 1,1-dichloroethane or methyl ethyl ketone 7 h/day, it was concluded that: (a) CCl₄ at 1,000ppm is not highly embryotoxic; (b) 1,1-dichloroethane is only slightly embryotoxic at 6,000ppm; and (c) methyl ethyl ketone at 3,000ppm is embryotoxic, foetotoxic and potentially teratogenic. The results of these studies also show that there is no correlation between the toxicity of these solvents to the mother and to the embryo or foetus.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, June 1974, Vol.28, No.3, p.452-464. 3 ref.

CIS 74-788 O'Riordan M.L., Evans H.J.
Absence of significant chromosome damage in males occupationally exposed to lead.
A study of the extent of chromosome damage in a population of men occupationally exposed to oxides of lead. 70 male workers employed by a shipbreaking yard were investigated. The results do not indicate an increased chromosome aberration frequency in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals chronically exposed to high levels of lead. Difficulties which may be encountered in the interpretation of chromosome aberration data are discussed, and the conflicting results of previous studies into the possible mutagenic effects of lead are evaluated.
Nature, 4 Jan. 1974, Vol.247, No.5435, p.50-53. 20 ref.

1973

CIS 75-1002 Radiation protection in educational institutions.
This report provides information on the hazards involved in the use of radiation-producing equipment or radioactive material in science demonstrations and experiments, and recommendations on the means of protection. Following biological considerations, there are 3 chapters on radiation sources used in schools, basic principles of radiation protection, and the radiation protection programme. Appendices contain definitions of radiation units and terms as well as findings of a survey and a radiation safety check sheet.
NCRP Report No.32, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, P.O. Box 30175, Washington, D.C. 20014, USA, 1 May 1973. 56p. Illus. 15 ref. Price: US-$2.00.

CIS 75-486 Host environment interactions in the etiology of cancer in man.
Proceedings of a meeting held at Primo¿ten, Yugoslavia (27 Aug.-2 Sep. 1972) where the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the John E. Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health of the USA (FIC) collaborated in an attempt to study the interaction between genetically determined man and the totality of his physical environment, with a view to finding the answers to questions of cancer aetiology. Papers were read by experts in widely different disciplines in an effort to let the laboratory experimentalists gain an understanding of the problems and potentialities of the epidemiologist, and conversely to expose the epidemiologists to the problems and potentialities of sophisticated laboratory research. Of particular interest to the industrial physician are papers on the metabolic aspects of chemical carcinogens and a population-based study of bladder cancer.
IARC Scientific Publications No.7, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France, 1973. 464p. Illus. 1140 ref. Price: SF.100.00.

CIS 75-428 Schwetz B.A., Norris J.M., Sparschu G.L., Rowe V.K., Gehring P.J., Emerson J.L., Gerbig C.G.
Toxicology of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.
Experiments were carried out using various animal species to evaluate the toxicity of some chlorinated dibenzodioxins. The compounds used were: 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DCDD); 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD); 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,4-TCDD); hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HCDD); and octachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD). Tests were conducted to estimate acute lethality, acnegenic activity, teratogenicity, embryotoxicity and eye irritative effects. Some gross pathological and histopathological examinations were performed. The results show that: 2,3,7,8-TCDD has an unusually high toxicity; 2,7-DCDD and OCDD have a low toxicity; HCDD is highly toxic but less toxic than 2,3,7,8-TCDD; isomers of the same dibenzo-p-dioxin vary in toxicological properties, making it important to identify them specifically.
Environmental Health Perspectives, Research Triangle Park, USA, Sep. 1973, Experimental issue No.5, p.87-99. 17 ref.

CIS 75-163 Khan H., Khan M.H.
Cytogenetic studies following chronic exposure to benzene
Cytogenetische Untersuchungen bei chronischer Benzolexposition [in German]
Results of examinations carried out on 15 workers exposed to benzene for periods of 2 to 20 years and on 14 healthy controls (leucocyte culture and direct analysis of bone marrow). A higher percentage of stable and unstable chromosome aberrations was observed among the exposed workers than among the controls. Variations in length of exposure seemed to play only a minor role. In one case myelopathy due to benzene was observed. The authors conclude that cytogenetic examinations are a useful diagnostic method for assessing the degree of benzene poisoning.
Archiv für Toxikologie, 1973, Vol.31, No.1, p.39-49. Illus. 40 ref.

CIS 74-1687 Katosova L.D.
Cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral blood of workers engaged in the production of chloroprene
Citogenetičeskij analiz periferičeskoj krovi rabočih, zanjatyh v proizvodstve hloroprena [in Russian]
Cytogenetic analysis of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of workers exposed to chloroprene vapour (age 23 to 59 years; length of service 1 to 31 years) showed a high incidence of chromosomal aberrations compared to a control group. These aberrations are attributed to the action of chloroprene present at a mean atmospheric concentration of 0.018mg/m³.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Oct. 1973, No.10, p.30-32. 6 ref.

CIS 74-1355 Pollini G., Biscaldi G.P.
Possible leukaemogenic effects of industrial chemical products
Sulla possibile azione leucemogena delle sostanze chimiche di uso industriale [in Italian]
Up to the present, only benzene, ionising radiation and perhaps hexachlorocyclohexane can be considered leukaemogenic with certainty. Substances which are toxic for the haemopoietic system are not necessarily leukaemogenic, nor are substances known to be carcinogenic (coal tar derivatives, aromatic amines, arsenic salts, etc.). 2 possible interpretations of benzene-induced leukaemia are suggested: real leukaemia due to the mutagenic potential of benzene, or severe cytopoietic insufficiency of the bone marrow, which does not have a cancerous character. The treatment should be different in the 2 cases.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1973, Vol.64, No.3-4, p.121-126. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 74-1061 Letavet A.A., Sanockij I.V.
The toxicology of new industrial chemical substances - Series 13
Toksikologija novyh promyšlennyh himičeskih veščestv - Vypusk 13 [in Russian]
Contributions by various authors to the following subjects: prognosis of chronic biological effects from short-term experiments; primary reactions to threshold concentrations of chemical substances; comparative study of methods to assess irritation and threshold limits; rise of odour threshold as an index of harmfulness of toxic substances; toxicity classification of parenterally injected substances; mutagenic effects; effects of chloroprene on the generative function of mammals; systemic and gonadotrope effects of aminopyrimidine; embryotrope effects of ethylenimine, dimethylformamide and N-butyl-2-dibutylthiourea; toxicity of alkylated carbamates; chronic toxicity of morpholine and piperidine; toxicity of chlorinated phosphorus compounds; toxicology of acetopropyl acetate and its halogenated derivatives; toxicology of acetopropyl alcohol and β-ethoxypropionitrile; comparative assessment of the toxic effects of some aromatic polynitro-compounds; effect of repeated small doses of carbon tetrachloride on the cholepoietic function of the liver; sensitisation by cyclic epoxy compounds; toxicity of phenolic resin antioxidants.
Izdatel'stvo "Medicina", Petroverigskij per. 6/8, Moskva, USSR, 1973. 159p. Illus. 211 ref. Price: Rbl.0.87.

CIS 74-1026 Norseth T.
Toxicology
Toksikologi [in Norwegian]
Introduction to the basic concepts of occupational toxicology: definitions (dose, target organ, critical dose); absorption (routes of entry), transport, biotransformation and excretion; dose-response relationship; direct effects and selectivity of the toxic substance; indirect effects; immunity and allergy; mutagenic and teratogenic effects; control and assessment of exposure.
Arbeidervern, Nov. 1973, Vol.1, No.4, p.28-31. Illus.

CIS 74-420 Brock R.D., Peacock W.J., Geard C.R., Kossoff G., Robinson D.E.
Ultrasound and chromosome aberrations.
To evaluate the effects of ultrasound on chromosomes, experiments were carried out using both marsupial and human blood. The results suggest that, as measured by ability to produce chromosome aberrations in unstimulated whole blood or blood-medium mixtures, doses of ultrasonic radiation many orders of magnitude higher than those used for diagnostic studies produce very few chromosome aberrations. High doses of ultrasound did cause mitotic inhibition. This, and the fact that ultrasonic irradiation may induce genetic damage which is not detectable at cytological level, must be taken into account with regard to the safety of ultrasound in diagnostic procedures.
Medical Journal of Australia, 15 sep. 1973, Vol.2, No.11, p.533-536. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 74-141 Autian J.
Toxicity and health threats of phthalate esters: Review of the literature.
Comprehensive review of recent literature on the subject and presentation of the results of animal experiments. Physical, chemical and toxic properties of a variety of phthalate esters are tabulated. Sections of the review are devoted to: chemistry, properties and applications; toxicology (acute, subacute and chronic toxicity; absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism; teratogenic mutagenic and carcinogenic effects; cellular toxicity); environmental and ecological aspects.
Environmental Health Perspectives, Experimental Issue No.4, June 1973, p.3-26. Illus. 56 ref.

CIS 73-1310 Lloyd D.C.
Chromosome aberration dosimetry in a case of overexposure to radiation
Description of a case where a radiation worker was referred to hospital with radiation injury to both hands after working for 3yrs with iridium-192 sources; 2yrs later the chromosome aberration technique was used to assess accumulated radiation dose, as he had continued in radiation work. From a blood sample lymphocyte cultures were made and 500 metaphase spreads were examined, with the following results: dicentrics, 49; centric rings, 7; acentric rings, 10; interstitial deletions, 31; terminal deletions, 21. It is claimed that studies of this kind illustrate the valuable contribution of chromosome analysis to radiological protection practice, espcially where there is a lack of reliable physical dosimetry data, as well as to the eventual evaluation of risk of the late effects of radiation in terms of acute biological effect.
Nature, 5 Jan. 1973, Vol.241, No.5384, p.69-70. 7 ref.

1972

CIS 75-126 Petrova-Vergieva T., Ivanova-Chemishanska L.
The effect of maneb on intrauterine development of rats.
A single dose of the fungicide maneb (manganese diethyldithiocarbamate) administered to pregnant female rats during the phase of organogenesis induces nervous-system and skeleton malformations in the foetus (exencephalia, encephalocele, cheilognathopalatoschisis, phocomelia, amelia, ectrodactylism, microcaudia, acaudia, etc.). Doses corresponding to 2/3, 1/3 and 1/6 of the lethal dose 50 (6g/kg for adult rats) proved to be teratogenic. A dose corresponding to 1/12 LD₅₀, both single and repeated, did not affect gestation.
Works of the United Research Institute of Hygiene and Industrial Safety, 1972, Vol.23, p.65-70. 5 ref.

CIS 74-726 Friberg L., Vostal J.
Mercury in the environment - An epidemiological and toxicological appraisal.
A comprehensive review by 6 American and Swedish contributors of the toxicity of both inorganic and organic mercury compounds. Subjects dealt with include: analytical methods for the determination of mercury in air and biological material; transport and transformation of mercury in nature and possible routes of exposure; metabolism (elemental mercury, inorganic mercury compounds and organic mercury compounds are considered under the aspects of absorption, biotransformation and transport, distribution, retention and excretion, and indices of exposure and retention); symptoms and signs of intoxication; "normal" concentrations of mercury in human tissue and urine; inorganic and organic mercury compounds (relation between exposure and effects); genetic effects; conclusions.
The Chemical Rubber Company, 18901 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, Ohio 44128, USA, 1972. 215p. Illus. 936 ref. Price: US-$33.55.

CIS 74-142 Epstein S.S., Arnold E., Andrea J., Bass W., Bishop Y.
Detection of chemical mutagens by the dominant lethal assay in the mouse.
Data are given on 174 agents (including pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, carcinogens, food additives, pesticides, air and water pollutants) tested in the modified dominant lethal assay. The range in variability of various reproductive parameters is analysed in concurrent control populations. Based on these analyses, standard criteria for the evaluation of dominant lethal assay data are developed.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Oct. 1972, Vol.23, No.2, p.288-325. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 72-2620 Popescu H.L.
Evolution of biologic changes noticed in three cases of accidental mild gamma irradiation
As a result of malfunction of the retraction device, 3 members of an industrial gammagraphy team were accidentally exposed to an unshielded source of ¹⁹¹Ir (activity 6Ci). The radiation doses received were estimated, and the patients were subjected to haematological, biochemical and endocrinological examinations at various intervals. The clinical and other findings are presented and discussed. The main changes observed were chromosomal alteration and an abnormal amino acid content in the urine.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Apr. 1972, Vol.14, No.4, p.317-320. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 72-2470 Liniecki J.
The in vitro dose-response relationship for chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a reference system for in vivo biological dosimetry of ionising radiation
The potential usefulness of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a biological dosimeter is emphasised. The first step in the quantitative evaluation of dose following in vivo irradiation of man is to obtain a reference system (adequate dose-effect relation) - and this can be achieved by cell irradiation in vitro. Allowance must be made for the effect of varius factors (culture time, age and sex of blood donors, radiation quality, cell stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, oxygenation and temperature at irradiation) on dicentric yield and the character of the dose-effect relationship in lymphocytes irradiated in vitro. The best method of stimulating in vivo radiation is indicated.
Pracovní lékařství, Mar. 1972, Vol.24, No.2-3, p.86-92. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 73-39 Gäth J., Thiess A.M.
Chromosome studies of chemical workers
Chromosomenuntersuchungen bei Chemiearbeitern [in German]
Paper read at the 1st International Symposium of Plant Physicians of the Chemical Industry (Ludwigshafen, 27-29 April 1972). Chromosome studies were carried out during the periodic medical examination of workers exposed to ethylenimine, benzene, lead or dimethylsulfate. Methods and results are detailed. High levels of exposure that caused the aberrations reported in the literature were not encountered in this study and, consequently, no increased chromosome aberrations were found. In only one case of subacute lead poisoning was the chromosome aberration rate (14%) above normal. (For the complete proceedings of this symposium, see CIS 73-32.)
I. Internationales Symposium der Werksärzte der chemischen Industrie, Medichem, BASF Ärztliche Abteilung, 67 Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany, 1972. 17p. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 73-782 Moine C., Longuespé G.
Radiation protection - General information on the use of nuclear energy and ionising radiation
Radioprotection - Données générales sur les applications de l'énergie nucléaire et les rayonnements ionisants [in French]
This article gives in non-technical terms some basic information on the structure of the atom, the phenomena of nuclear fission and radioactivity, the nature of radiation, permissible doses and the units of measurement employed. It describes the action of radiations (external radiation, contamination, somatic and genetic effects), means of control and radiation protection measures. It also contains information on permissible radiation levels and the marking of danger zones.
Vigilance, Sep. 1972, No.44, p.3-36. Illus.

CIS 73-858 Rjazanova R.A., Družinina V.A., Nevstrueva V.V.
Proposed threshold limit values (TLV) of zineb in air based on animal experiments
Ėksperimental'nye materialy k obosnovanija predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii cineba v vozduhe rabočih pomeščenij [in Russian]
Description, with comments, of animal experiments carried out to ascertain the toxic effects of inhaled zineb. The functional disturbances observed in various body systems as a result of breathing zineb concentrations of 200, 20 and even 5mg/m³ is shown in a table. Research was also carried out on the embryo of rats. In view of the gonadotoxic and embryotoxic effects of zineb, an atmospheric TLV of 0.5mg/m³ is recommended for this compound.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Aug. 1972, Vol.50, No.8, p.42-45. 3 ref.

1971

CIS 94-664 Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS®)
Constantly updated factual database consisting of toxicological data on approx. 120,000 chemicals. The information is compiled by NIOSH from publicity available scientific literature. Data are arranged by prime chemical name. Six types of toxicity information are provided: primary irritation; mutagenicity; reproductive effects; tumorigenicity; acute toxicity; other multiple-dose toxicity. Specific toxic concentration values (LD₅₀, LC₅₀, TD_L0, and TC_L0), together with species studied and route of administration, are given when available. All citations are given with their bibliographic source. The information in the database is also available in printed format.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, 1971-. Available on-line (hosts: STN® International, Chemical Information Systems Inc., Dialog, National Library of Medicine - TOXNET), on CD-ROM (CCOHS's CCINFO Disc "C2", Micromedex's TOMES^TM PLUS, SilverPlatter's CHEM-BANK^TM, Worksafe Australia's Worksafe-Disc^TM) and on computer tape (from NIOSH).

CIS 73-1278 Coggle J.E.
Biological effects of radiation
An introduction to the subject, dealing with the following aspects: properties of ionising radiation; effect of radiation at the molecular ans subcellular levels; radiation cell survival in vivo; cellular and genetic effects; effects at tissue level; factors modifying the biological effect of radiation; cancer; lifeshortening; radiation hazards and standards for radiation protection. Short glossary.
Wykeham Publications Ltd., 10-14 Macklin Street, London, United Kingdom, 1971. 149p. Illus. 10 ref.

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